Influenza, commonly called the flu, is an infectious disease that can lead to mild to severe illness, sometimes resulting in hospitalisation or even death1.
Influenza is caused by highly contagious viruses and can lead to seasonal outbreaks worldwide1. According to the National Centre for Disease Control, India recorded 76,030 cases and 2,172 deaths (2019 to April 2025) from Seasonal Influenza A, with significant outbreaks in 2019 and 20242.
This article explores what influenza is, its types, its transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Influenza is a common respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses that include types A, B, C, and D, however, types A and B are primarily responsible for seasonal epidemics in humans. These viruses infect both the upper and lower parts of the respiratory system and primarily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, but can also be transmitted via surfaces that have already been contaminated3.
While healthy individuals usually recover within a few days, influenza can lead to serious complications (such as pneumonia and even death) in high-risk groups like young children, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems1,3.
Note: People with the flu are usually contagious 1 day before symptoms appear and remain so for 5 to 7 days after.
Influenza (flu) and the common cold are respiratory infections caused by different viruses, with the flu typically producing more severe symptoms than the common cold. Let’s see the difference:
There are four types of influenza viruses that affect humans to varying degrees:
This type of influenza causes pandemics and epidemics:
This type of influenza causes seasonal outbreaks:
This causes mild respiratory illness:
This does not infect humans (currently):
Here’s a quick comparison table to help you understand the key differences between the four types of influenza viruses3,7,9.
Types of Influenza
| Feature | Influenza A | Influenza B | Influenza C | Influenza D |
| Hosts | Humans, birds, pigs, and other animals | Humans only | Humans (rarely pigs) | Cattle and pigs |
| Pandemic Potential | Yes | No | No | No |
| Epidemics | Yes (major seasonal outbreaks) | Yes (seasonal, less severe) | Rarely | No |
| Symptoms | Moderate to severe | Mild to Severe | Mild | Not applicable to humans |
| Examples | H1N1, H3N2 | Victoria, Yamagata lineages | Sporadic mild illness | Not linked to human cases |
You may be wondering is influenza infectious?
Yes, influenza is highly infectious. The virus mainly spreads through respiratory droplets expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of nearby people or be inhaled into their lungs. Additionally, the virus can be transmitted by touching surfaces or objects contaminated with it, and then touching the face (particularly the nose, mouth, or eyes)3,5. Influenza can also spread through tiny airborne particles that linger longer and travel farther, especially indoors.
Each type of influenza virus (A, B, C, and D) spreads differently:
Certain groups of people are at an increased risk of developing severe influenza complications. Key high-risk groups include:
The diagnosis of influenza usually starts with a clinical assessment based on observable symptoms such as fever, cough, body aches, and fatigue. For confirmation, your doctor may use various diagnostic methods to detect influenza viruses. These may include:
Note: Nasal swabs or suction samples from the nose are the best for accurate flu testing.
Influenza often resolves itself without medical intervention3. However, treatment options are important for those at higher risk of complications or severe illness.
Note: You should only take this medication if your doctor has prescribed it for your condition.
Note: Do not give aspirin to children as it has been associated with the risk of Reye’s Syndrome15.
If your fever has been gone for at least 24 hours without using fever-reducing medicine and you feel better, it’s a sign of recovery. Isolation should continue for at least 24 hours after the fever ends to help prevent the spreading of the flu13.
Prevention strategies are essential to reduce flu transmission and protect public health:
While many cases of influenza resolve within a week, the virus can sometimes lead to serious complications, especially in vulnerable populations. Common influenza complications include:
Other rare complications occurring only in severe cases include:
Early medical care can help avoid serious complications. Seek medical attention immediately if you experience16:
The introduction of influenza as a major public health concern highlights the need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. It is a potentially serious illness that spreads easily and can lead to severe complications if not managed properly. Therefore, recognising symptoms early, seeking timely medical care, and taking preventive measures are key to reducing its impact. While early antiviral treatment (under medical advice) can help reduce the risk of severe outcomes, annual vaccination remains the most effective way to protect against seasonal flu.
India usually sees two flu peaks: a major one during the post-monsoon season (August to October) due to high humidity and rainfall, and a smaller winter peak (January to March), mainly affecting northern regions17.
The influenza virus constantly changes its surface proteins (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) through antigenic drift, so immunity from a previous year’s vaccine may not protect well against new strains. Hence, annual vaccination is needed9.
No. You should stay at home until at least 24 hours after your symptoms/fever subsides without medication to avoid infecting others13.
While rare, some animals (like pigs, ferrets, and cats) can contract certain flu viruses. However, transmission from pets to humans is extremely uncommon18.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Punarnava is an indigenous plant with numerous medicinal properties. Punarnava derives its name from its nature of growth and proliferation. The aerial part of the plant dries up in the summer and regenerate in the rainy season; Its name, Punarnava, comes from the Sanskrit words ‘Punar’ meaning “again” and ‘Nava’ meaning “new,” symbolising the plant’s ability to renew and restore itself1.
Punarnava is called Hogweed in English, and the botanical name of the plant is Boerhavia diffusa2.
This plant has many different names in India, such as:
Based on my experience, I have observed that the ethyl acetate extract from the roots of punarnava may have strong antifungal properties. It has shown the ability to inhibit the growth of fungal species such as Microsporum gypseum, M. fulvum, and M. canis. The extract hinders the growth and reproduction of these fungi, suggesting its potential use as an effective antifungal8.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Punarnava has been in use in Ayurveda since ancient times. All parts of the plant are utilised in the preparation of various formulations, owing to their wide range of medicinal properties.
Punarnava may be beneficial in managing symptoms of rheumatism and gout.
In my experience, I have observed that Punarnava may possess notable spasmolytic properties, meaning it can help relax muscles by reducing their contractions. This effect is believed to be linked to its influence on calcium regulation within the muscles, as well as the presence of active compounds such as boeravinone E8.
Dr. Smita Barode, BAMS
Also Read: Arjunarishta: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!
The Punarnava plant and its parts are traditionally used in different forms to prepare remedies for a range of health conditions, as outlined below:
Your Ayurvedic physician will determine the appropriate form and dosage based on your individual health condition.
Although no side effects have been reported so far. It is important to note that these herbal remedies are generally prescribed as part of a treatment regimen, where one preparation may help to balance the effects of another. It is important to use such remedies only under the supervision of a qualified practitioner.
Over the years, based on my experience and observations, I believe that Punarnava may have notable anticonvulsant properties. Some studies8 have shown its potential in helping to reduce seizures. This effect is thought to be linked to a compound in the plant known as liriodendron, which may work by blocking calcium activity in the brain.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Punarnava may interact with the following medications:
Also Read: Tamarind (Imli): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!
Punarnava has been traditionally valued for its wide range of supportive health benefits. However, it should be used responsibly and under medical supervision. Always consult a qualified doctor before starting any herbal treatment.
Punarnava may help to effectively manage obesity by reducing appetite. It may also detoxify the body and prevent fluid retention, which may help in weight loss.
Glaucoma is a condition characterised by increased pressure within the eye, which can sometimes be associated with diabetes. Punarnava, known for its blood sugar-lowering properties, may help support overall glucose management. Traditionally, the root of Punarnava when ground on a stone and applied carefully to the eyes over several days, is believed to provide soothing relief for certain eye conditions.
The Punarnava plant may be helpful in kidney disorders like irregular blood pressure and diuresis. The plant extract is commonly used as a diuretic to help flush the kidneys. Both the powdered form and aqueous decoction of the extract are traditionally used to support the management of nephrotic syndrome.
The root of the plant is powdered and mixed with mamira (Thalictrum foliosum) to help soothe the symptoms of eye disorders like corneal ulcers and night blindness. The leaves of the plant may be used to make ophthalmic lotions for various eye disorders.
Yes, Punarnava may be beneficial to reduce fluid accumulation in the abdomen. It also helps to reduce the symptoms of ascites caused due to liver diseases.
Punarnava is known to be beneficial for the kidneys. It may help support the function of nephrons damaged by diabetes and act as an effective diuretic, promoting increased filtration. This process can assist in flushing out excess fluids and toxins from the body.
1. Bihari Dora B, Dora BB, Gupta S, Sital S, Pastore A. Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa): A Promising Indigenous Herbal Drug and Its Effect on Different Disease Conditions. 2015 [cited 2022 Feb 15];21–4. Available from: https://sciencejournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/RRJoHS/article/view/715
2. Abbi C, Kumar V, Kumar S, Kumar D. Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa): A promising indigenous herbal drug. Int Res J Pharm. 2013;4(3):85–89. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269846433_PUNARNAVA_BOERHAVIA_DIFFUSA_A_PROMISING_INDIGENOUS_HERBAL_DRUG
3. Umamaheswari A, Nuni A, Shreevidya R. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Boerhaavia diffusa L. leaves. Int J Green Pharm. 2010;4(2):88–92. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44298779_Evaluation_of_antibacterial_activity_of_Boerhaavia_diffusa_L_leaves
4. Rao PP. Ophthalmic uses of Boerhaavia diffusa L. (Punarnava): Review. J Med Plants Stud. 2016;4(2):78–80.Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335381955_Ophthalmic_uses_of_Boerhaavia_Diffusa_L_Punarnava_Review
5. Rajendran K, Raj C D, Ramakrishnan V, Krishnan UM. Therapeutic efficacy of Punarnavadi mandura against phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia in rats. J Tradit Complement Med. 2025;15(1):93–104. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2225411024000361
6. Patil GG, Shettar RV. Evaluation of the efficacy of Punarnavadi Guggulu & Mahamashadi Taila Kati Basti in the management of Gridhrasi (Sciatica). J Ayurveda Integr Med Sci. 2019;4(2):15–23. Available from: https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/588
7. Shah VN, Shah MB, Bhatt PA. Hepatoprotective activity of punarnavashtak kwath, an Ayurvedic formulation, against CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity in rats and on the HepG2 cell line. Pharm Biol. 2011;49(4):408–15. doi:10.3109/13880209.2010.521162. PMID: 21391842. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21391842/
8. Mishra S, Aeri V, Gaur PK, Jachak SM. Phytochemical, therapeutic, and ethnopharmacological overview for a traditionally important herb: Boerhavia diffusa Linn. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:808302. doi:10.1155/2014/808302. Epub 2014 May 14. PMID: 24949473; PMCID: PMC4053255. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4053255/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Have you been feeling sudden weakness or rapid heartbeats? It might be more than just fatigue. While not always the case, these symptoms can point to hypokalaemia, a condition marked by low levels of potassium in the blood (serum)1,2.
Potassium is an important mineral and the most abundant positively charged ion (cation) inside the cells of our body. It plays a key role in cell function, muscle contraction, and heart rhythm regulation3. Low potassium levels are often linked to underlying conditions such as endocrine disorders. However, it can also result from poor or insufficient dietary intake1.
In this article, we will explore some healthy and delicious fruits high in potassium that can help boost its levels in the body. These potassium rich fruits not only offer a tasty way to support your electrolyte balance but also contribute to overall well-being.
Potassium is a mineral and electrolyte that plays a central role in maintaining the proper functioning of cells, particularly in muscles and nerves. It is crucial for regulating muscle contractions, nerve signals, and intracellular fluid balance4. A deficient or insufficient potassium level can cause symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and constipation3.
Its importance extends beyond basic cellular activity. Higher potassium intake is associated with significant health benefits, particularly for heart health5. One major meta-analysis involving around 250,000 participants found that for every 1.64 grams (or around 42 millimoles) of daily potassium intake, there was a 21% reduction in stroke risk and a notable trend toward reduced overall cardiovascular disease6.
In short, potassium supports critical bodily functions, especially heart, muscle, and nerve performance, while also helping to protect against serious conditions like stroke and heart disease. Therefore, ensuring adequate potassium in your diet through fruits high in potassium is a simple but powerful step toward better health!
The amount of potassium an individual needs in a single day depends on age, sex, and life stage.3 According to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), here are the recommended Adequate Intakes (AIs):
The potassium AI for children varies specifically by age group7:
Note: These recommendations do not apply to people with kidney disease or those taking medications that affect potassium levels8. For personalised advice on optimal intake, it’s best to consult your doctor.
If you’re concerned about a potential potassium deficiency, a simple blood test, such as the Potassium (K+) Test, can help evaluate your potassium levels.
Potassium is required for several bodily functions. These include:
Adequate potassium helps regulate blood pressure by promoting natriuresis (sodium excretion) and reduces vascular resistance, which helps lower blood pressure3,6. This might contribute to reducing the risk of hypertension and stroke.
Potassium works with sodium to maintain fluid balance in the body3. This helps cells function properly and supports overall hydration.
Potassium supports smooth muscle function, including the muscles of the digestive tract9. This may aid in regular bowel movements and avoid constipation.
Higher potassium intake (especially from fruits) may reduce calcium loss in urine10. This helps in lowering the risk of calcium-based kidney stones.
Potassium from fruits may help maintain bone mineral density by reducing the acid load in the body11. This helps in minimising calcium loss and supports bones.
Potassium plays a role in insulin secretion, and low levels have been linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in some studies12. However, more research is still needed to directly establish a link between potassium intake and its benefits for diabetic patients.
Fruits are an excellent natural source of potassium, offering a variety of health benefits.
In recent decades, shifting dietary habits, marked by increased intake of processed foods and reduced consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, have contributed to several health issues, including a widespread decline in dietary potassium intake, despite its critical role in maintaining cardiovascular and muscular health5.
Which fruit contains the most potassium is a common question for those looking to boost their potassium intake naturally. Therefore, to naturally support optimal potassium levels, we have compiled a list of fruits containing high potassium for you:
Dried apricots are highly concentrated in potassium; a half cup serving provides 755 mg of potassium, which is around 22% of the daily recommended intake3. Besides potassium, apricots are also rich in carotenoids like β-carotene, which acts as a strong antioxidant and may help lower oxidative stress, support immunity, reduce the risk of heart disease, and protect eye health with age13.
Prunes are rich in potassium; half a cup of dried prunes contain 635 mg of potassium, covering around 19% of the daily recommended intake.3 Prunes are also rich in fibre, sorbitol, and antioxidants. Due to these nutrients, they may also help improve digestion and support bone besides heart health14.
Kiwi provides abundant potassium; one cup of sliced kiwi contains about 562 mg of potassium, about 16.5% of the daily value15. Besides potassium, kiwifruit is also rich in vitamin C, fibre, and antioxidants. Eating them regularly may boost your immune system, support digestion (thanks to an enzyme called actinidin), and improve overall metabolism16.
Pomegranates are a good source of potassium; one cup of 100% pomegranate juice provides approximately 533 mg of potassium, contributing about 15.7% of the daily recommended intake15. Drinking pomegranate juice can help reduce oxidative stress and support heart health by slightly improving blood pressure and related risk factors17.
Orange juice is a natural source of fruits high in potassium; one cup of orange juice delivers 496 mg of potassium, about 14.6% of the daily recommended intake3. Regular consumption of 100% orange juice may help reduce inflammation in healthy people and those at risk for chronic diseases18.
Bananas are well known for their potassium content; a medium banana contains 422 mg of potassium, which is around 12.4% of the daily recommended intake3. A study19 has shown that eating 250 g of bananas before haemodialysis (a process of filtering blood in patients with impaired kidneys) helps avoid low potassium and heart rhythm problems without causing high potassium.
Avocados are rich in potassium; half a piece of avocado contains about 345 mg of potassium, which is around 10% of the daily recommended intake20. Based on a preliminary, uncontrolled study21, adding California avocados to your daily diet may help lower total cholesterol and aid in controlling body weight.
Cantaloupe is a refreshing fruit rich in potassium; half a cup of cubed cantaloupe supplies 214 mg of potassium, or 6.3% of the daily recommended intake.3 Besides potassium, cantaloupe is packed with essential vitamins and minerals that help keep you hydrated with its high-water content. This makes it a tasty and refreshing part of a healthy diet22.
Blackberries are a good source of potassium; one cup of blackberries contains about 211 mg of potassium, contributing around 6.2% of the daily recommended intake16. Blackberries are also used traditionally for diarrhoea, ulcers, inflammation, and diabetes. They are also rich in anthocyanins, which help reduce pain and may have antioxidant effects that contribute to reducing inflammation and supporting general health23.
Apples contain moderate potassium levels; one medium apple with skin provides 195 mg of potassium, approximately 5.7% of the daily recommended intake3. Besides potassium, apples are also rich in antioxidants, especially polyphenols, which help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. They also support gut health by improving the balance of beneficial gut bacteria24.
Knowing the potential benefits and the potassium content in fruits helps you choose the best options to support your health and meet your daily potassium needs. While consuming these fruits is generally healthy, remember some fruits may increase blood sugar levels. Therefore, it’s best to consult with a diabetologist before including them in your routine diet (especially if you are diabetic or at risk).
Including potassium-rich fruits in your diet is not at all complicated. You can consume the fruit raw or make some simple and delicious dishes with them to boost your intake25:
It should be noted that including fruits containing high potassium in the diet helps maintain potassium balance only when potassium levels are slightly below the normal range or for when an individual is at risk. Dietary potassium is not an alternative for moderate or severely low potassium levels; these conditions often require oral or intravenous potassium supplementation.
While potassium is essential for health, increased levels can be dangerous. Excess potassium levels, known as hyperkalaemia, may lead to serious symptoms, including neuromuscular issues such as fatigue, muscle weakness, and paralysis. It may also lead to cardiovascular symptoms, such as irregular heartbeats or even cardiac arrest1,3.
However, it should be noted that fruits (or even other dietary sources) rich in potassium alone rarely cause hyperkalaemia in healthy individuals. Hyperkalaemia typically results when there is impaired renal excretion or a shift of potassium from cells into the bloodstream.
Certain individuals should be cautious when consuming high-potassium diets or potassium supplements. These include:
Due to the above-mentioned reasons, individuals with underlying health conditions or those on long-term medication should consult a doctor before making any changes to their potassium intake to ensure a safe and balanced dietary approach.
Potassium is a vital mineral that plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy blood pressure, supporting muscle and nerve function, and promoting overall heart health. Fruits are a natural and wholesome source of potassium, making them a safe and effective way to meet daily needs, especially when included as part of a varied and balanced diet. Incorporating potassium rich fruits in the diet, such as bananas, apricots, prunes, and oranges, offers not only this essential nutrient but also other valuable nutrients that contribute to overall wellbeing. They are generally safe and very rarely cause hyperkalaemia in healthy people with normal kidney function. However, individuals with impaired kidney function or those taking certain medications should be cautious and consult a doctor before increasing their potassium intake. That said, a balanced approach in diet (consuming a combination of fruits, vegetables, and whole foods) can be a great way to support the potassium requirements of the body and at the same time offer broader health benefits, reinforcing the importance of nutritious and mindful eating to achieve your health goals.
Yes, both dried and frozen fruits retain potassium, though portion sizes vary26. Dried fruits are more concentrated, so smaller amounts provide similar potassium levels.
You should take potassium supplements only under medical advice, since most people can meet their potassium needs through a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and legumes3. Talk to your doctor if you believe you might need potassium supplements.
If you are healthy, you cannot overdose on potassium from fruits, as the kidneys eliminate excess potassium through urine. However, people with kidney disease or on certain medications need to be cautious3. Remember moderation in consumption is key.
No, they are not suitable for everyone since salt substitutes often contain high levels of potassium. People with kidney disease or those taking certain medications should consult their doctor before using them to avoid the risk of hyperkalaemia (dangerously high potassium levels)3.
Fruits provide important nutrients like folate and vitamin C, potassium, and dietary fibre. They help keep your digestion healthy, lower the risk of heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and even some cancers. They are also low in fat and calories, especially when not fried or roasted. Aim to include a variety of colourful fruits in your diet. This will give you a range of nutrients24.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Potassium is the most abundant positively charged ion (cation) inside your cells1. It plays a crucial role in maintaining normal cell function2. This is especially important in tissues like the heart, nerves, and muscles, where potassium and sodium primarily regulate the resting membrane potential and action potentials that control nerve impulses and muscle contractions1,2.
Usually, a slight increase in potassium does not cause any noticeable symptoms. Even at a moderately high level, some patients may only have subtle electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. However, significantly high potassium level can be dangerous. It can disrupt the heart’s rhythm, potentially leading to life-threatening arrhythmias, as well as causing muscle weakness or even paralysis2.
Therefore, understanding the reasons for high potassium is essential for addressing this potentially serious condition. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and management of elevated potassium levels, helping you understand how to recognise and manage this condition.
Potassium is a type of mineral and electrolyte that our body needs to function properly2. It’s found naturally in many foods, especially fruits and vegetables like bananas, oranges, spinach, and potatoes3.
Majority of potassium in our body is stored inside cells, particularly in muscles (around 98%). The remaining potassium (2%) lies in bones, and important organs like the liver, lungs, and brain. Only a small amount is found outside the cells, where it plays a critical role in keeping the cells healthy and maintaining their proper function3. Potassium helps regulate the body’s fluid balance, supports normal nerve signals, and ensures that muscles, including that of the heart, contract properly. It also helps maintain healthy blood pressure2,3.
Potassium levels in the blood are carefully regulated because they play a vital role in maintaining the normal electrical activity of cells, especially in the heart, muscles, and nerves.
You may be wondering, what is the main cause of high potassium? This will be discussed in the next section.
High potassium levels in the blood can occur when your body either retains too much potassium or releases too much of it from the cells into the bloodstream2. Normally, the kidneys work to keep potassium levels in balance, but several factors can interfere with this process1. Common high potassium levels causes include:
Now that you are aware of the causes, you may be worried about what if potassium is high and how it could affect your health. Let’s move to the next sections to understand this better.
High potassium symptoms often develop gradually but may be absent in mild cases; however, sudden severe elevations can cause rapid symptoms2. These can range from mild to severe and may include:
Since some symptoms of hyperkalaemia can be subtle or mistaken for other conditions, it’s important to get medical attention if you’re at risk or experiencing any unusual signs, especially if you have a known kidney condition or are on medications that affect potassium levels.
If high potassium levels are not identified and addressed in time, they might lead to serious complications4. Since potassium plays a vital role in nerve and muscle function, especially in the heart, excess potassium can disrupt normal body processes in dangerous ways. Key complications include:
Thus, it’s important to diagnose hyperkalaemia promptly and avoid complications, which may even become life-threatening.
Diagnosing high potassium in body usually begins with a review of your symptoms, medical history, and medications, especially if you have kidney disease or are taking drugs that affect potassium levels. After initial examination, routine tests are performed. Key diagnostic tests include:
The most common and reliable way to diagnose hyperkalaemia is through a serum potassium test6. It is important to get tested at a reputable laboratory because proper blood sample handling is crucial. This is because haemolysis (damage to blood cells) during sample collection or processing can falsely elevate potassium levels, a phenomenon known as pseudohyperkalemia.
Measuring the amount of potassium in your urine can help doctors determine whether your body is excreting potassium properly. Tests such as the urine potassium-to-creatinine ratio or a 24-hour urine potassium collection are especially useful in distinguishing whether hyperkalaemia is caused by kidney or non-kidney related factors⁸.
Since high potassium can affect heart function, your doctor may perform an ECG to check for changes in your heart rhythm2.
Since the kidneys are responsible for filtering out excess potassium, tests such as serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) may be done to assess kidney health and determine whether kidney problems are contributing to high potassium9.
Depending on your symptoms and health history, your doctor may also order tests for adrenal function, blood sugar levels, or acid-base balance, particularly if conditions like diabetes or adrenal disorders are suspected2.
Early diagnosis is key to avoiding complications. If you’re at risk due to kidney issues, medications, or chronic illnesses, regular blood tests, such as the Potassium (K+) Test, can help monitor your potassium levels and identify problems early on.
The severity of the problem and its cause will determine how high potassium levels are addressed. The intention is to deal with the root cause, protect the heart, and quickly bring potassium levels down to a safe range. Your doctor might recommend the following methods to accomplish this:
Limiting high-potassium foods, such as bananas, oranges, potatoes, tomatoes, and spinach, may be recommended, especially for individuals with kidney problems2.
If a medication or supplement is contributing to high potassium levels, your doctor may adjust the dose or switch to an alternative. Common contributors to hyperkalaemia include potassium-sparing diuretics, NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, certain beta blockers, and potassium supplements2,4.
To remove excess potassium from the body, doctors may use:
Note: Loop and thiazide diuretics promote potassium excretion and can help lower potassium levels, whereas potassium-sparing diuretics may worsen hyperkalaemia.
If potassium levels are dangerously high or if there are signs of heart involvement, emergency addressal is needed. This may include:
Finally, managing the root cause, like improving blood sugar control in diabetes or addressing adrenal gland issues, is essential to avoid hyperkalaemia from recurring.
Avoiding high potassium levels involves a combination of lifestyle choices, regular monitoring, and medical management, especially for those at higher risk, such as people with kidney disease, diabetes, or those taking certain medications. Here are some effective ways to avoid potassium buildup:
While potassium is essential for health, people at risk of hyperkalaemia may need to limit foods that are high in potassium. This includes2,11:
Your doctor or a dietitian can help create a meal plan if needed.
Some medications can raise potassium levels. If you’re taking drugs like ACE inhibitors, ARBs, potassium-sparing diuretics, or potassium supplements, it’s important to take them exactly as prescribed6. Never adjust or stop medications without consulting your doctor.
Nowadays, many salt alternatives are available in the market that swap potassium chloride for sodium. While this may be healthy for some people, it can be dangerous for those at risk of hyperkalaemia4. Always check labels and consult your doctor before using salt alternatives.
Drinking enough fluids, like water, helps support kidney function. This, in turn, helps your body naturally excrete excess potassium2. However, in patients with advanced kidney disease or heart failure, fluid intake may need to be restricted to prevent fluid overload, so hydration advice should be individualised by a healthcare professional.
Routine blood tests to check potassium levels are especially important if you have kidney disease, heart failure, or diabetes, or if you’re on medications that affect potassium balance. Early detection helps avoid serious complications.
Keeping conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and kidney disease under control reduces the risk of potassium imbalances. This may involve certain lifestyle changes or medications/supplements. Make sure to have regular follow ups with your doctor to address any underlying issues.
It’s important to seek medical attention if you suspect the effects of high potassium, especially if you have a condition that puts you at risk.
You should see a doctor if you experience2,4:
Additionally, consult your doctor if:
It’s critical to understand the significance of potassium balance for safeguarding general health, particularly for the optimal functioning of your heart, muscles, and nerve cells. While potassium is an essential nutrient, its excessive levels or hyperkalaemia can be harmful. These occur more commonly in individuals with kidney disease or taking certain medications which affect potassium excretion.
Symptoms of hyperkalaemia often develop late and may be nonspecific or even absent initially. Therefore, early detection of high potassium levels mainly relies on regular blood tests for individuals at risk, rather than symptom recognition alone. Taking proactive steps, such as managing chronic conditions, following medical advice, and monitoring potassium levels, can help control hyperkalaemia. With proper awareness and care, it is entirely possible to maintain healthy potassium levels and avoid potentially dangerous complications from imbalance.
Yes, mildly elevated potassium levels often have no symptoms2.This is why regular blood tests are important for people at risk. As potassium levels rise, symptoms like fatigue, muscle weakness, or irregular heartbeat may appear.
Many multivitamins contain small amounts of potassium, but potassium supplements should only be taken if prescribed4. People with kidney disease or on potassium-affecting medications should avoid over-the-counter potassium supplements unless approved by their doctor.
While stress doesn’t directly raise potassium levels, physical stress (such as illness, injury, or surgery) can impact hormonal balance and kidney function, potentially contributing to shifts in potassium levels, especially in people with underlying conditions2,6.
No, not always. Sometimes, a false high reading can occur due to how the blood sample was handled (e.g., if red blood cells rupture during collection, which is called pseudohyperkalaemia)2. Your doctor could repeat the blood test to make sure whether your potassium levels are abnormally high.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Aloe Vera or Aloe barbadensis is a plant with a short stem that stores water in its leaves. It is also known as ‘Ghritkumari’ in Hindi. The leaves are greenish in colour with spiky edges. Aloe vera is excellent for our health. The gel present in the leaves can be consumed by making juice out of them. Aloe vera contains vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B9 and vitamin B12. It also contains minerals like calcium, copper, sodium, magnesium, potassium, selenium, manganese, zinc, etc.
Aloe has very potent anti ageing effects when applied topically. It stimulates fibroblasts that produce collagen and elastin, making the skin more elastic and less wrinkled. It also has cohesive effects on the superficial flaking epidermal cells by sticking them together, which softens the skin. The amino acids also soften hardened skin cells and zinc acts as an astringent to tighten pores.
Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)
Use of topical and oral aloe vera gel should be done with caution as it may cause skin irritation, hives, cramping and other severe conditions which might require medical intervention.
Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology
How to Use Aloe Vera on Hair:
Also Read: Triphala: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!
Aloe vera is a low-maintenance plant that’s easy to grow at home. The gel extracted from its stems can be used internally and externally for better health. However, if you are suffering from health complications, it is recommended that you consult with your physician before using this natural ingredient.
Also Read: 15 Amazing Health Benefits of Turmeric Milk!
Yes, aloe vera is beneficial for oily skin as it helps control excess oil production, soothes inflammation, and provides hydration without clogging pores, promoting a balanced and healthier complexion.
Yes, aloe vera is effective for pimples due to its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Applying aloe vera gel on pimples helps soothe irritation, reduce redness, and accelerate the healing process.
Absolutely, aloe vera is beneficial for dandruff as it possesses antimicrobial properties that can help alleviate scalp irritation and flakiness. Applying aloe vera gel to the scalp can soothe and moisturise, promoting a healthier environment for the hair.
Yes, aloe vera gel can function as a moisturiser. Its lightweight texture and high water content make it an effective natural moisturiser that hydrates the skin without leaving a greasy feel, making it suitable for various skin types.
Begin by slicing a mature aloe vera leaf and extracting the gel. For facial use, apply a small amount of the gel to cleansed skin, gently massaging it in circular motions. Allow it to sit for 15-20 minutes before rinsing off, leaving your skin refreshed and moisturised.
While some people may use aloe vera as a natural lubricant, it’s essential to choose aloe vera gel that is specifically formulated for topical use and free from additives. However, it’s crucial to be cautious, as aloe vera may not be compatible with all types of intimate activities and may not provide long-lasting lubrication compared to purpose-made products.
There is no evidence to suggest that aloe vera causes hair loss. In fact, aloe vera is often used to promote hair health, as it contains enzymes and nutrients that can nourish the scalp and strengthen hair strands.
Yes, aloe vera is known for its skin-soothing properties and may help reduce tan. Applying aloe vera gel on the affected areas can moisturise the skin, promote healing, and gradually fade tan, leaving the skin refreshed.
No, it’s not safe for dogs to consume aloe vera. Aloe vera contains compounds that may be toxic to dogs and can cause gastrointestinal issues. It’s advisable to keep aloe vera products away from pets and consult a veterinarian if ingestion occurs.
Aloe vera may help fade dark spots due to its skin-healing properties. Regular application of aloe vera gel can promote cell turnover, reduce pigmentation, and contribute to a more even skin tone over time.
While aloe vera gel can improve the health of the scalp by reducing inflammation and providing essential nutrients, scientific evidence on its direct impact on hair growth is limited. However, it may contribute to overall hair health and condition, promoting a favourable environment for hair growth.
Aloe vera is renowned for its versatile benefits. It is commonly used to soothe sunburn, moisturise the skin, promote wound healing, reduce inflammation, and can be applied to hair for hydration. Additionally, aloe vera is recognised for its potential in easing digestive issues when consumed.
Yes, aloe vera gel has a shelf life and can expire. It is essential to check the product’s expiration date and store it according to the recommended conditions to ensure its effectiveness and safety for use on the skin.
The recommended daily intake of aloe vera juice varies, but generally, it’s advised to start with a small amount, around 1-2 ounces per day, and gradually increase as tolerated. However, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage for individual health needs.
Yes, aloe vera can be toxic to cats if ingested. It contains compounds that may cause gastrointestinal upset, including vomiting and diarrhoea. It’s important to keep aloe vera and products containing it out of reach of cats and seek veterinary attention if ingestion occurs.
To make aloe vera juice, extract the gel from a mature leaf, blend it with water in a 1:3 ratio, and optionally add a touch of citrus juice for flavour. Strain the mixture to remove pulp, refrigerate, and enjoy this hydrating and nutritious drink.
To consume aloe vera, start by peeling the outer skin to reveal the gel. Rinse the gel to remove aloin, the bitter substance, and dice it into small, manageable pieces. Incorporate the gel into smoothies or salads for a nutritious boost, ensuring moderation due to its potential laxative effects.
While aloe vera gel is edible and contains beneficial nutrients, it’s crucial to consume it in moderation due to its potential laxative effects. Peel the outer skin, extract the gel, and incorporate it into smoothies or salads for a nutritious boost.
Aloe vera juice offers potential health benefits, including hydration, digestive aid, and a source of vitamins and antioxidants. However, it’s essential to consume it in moderation and consult with a healthcare professional, as excessive intake may lead to adverse effects.
No, aloe vera gel is not a traditional toner. While it has soothing properties and can hydrate the skin, it lacks the astringent qualities typically found in toners, which are designed to balance the skin’s pH and tighten pores.
Yes, aloe vera gel can be beneficial for lips as it helps moisturise and soothe dry or chapped lips, providing relief and promoting overall lip health.
While aloe vera gel has hydrating properties that may reduce puffiness, it is not specifically proven to effectively remove dark circles. Other remedies and lifestyle changes, such as adequate sleep and a balanced diet, may be more effective in addressing dark circles.
No, aloe vera is generally not known to darken the skin. In fact, it is often used to soothe and lighten the skin, providing relief from issues such as sunburns or hyperpigmentation.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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From religious ceremonies to mouth-fresheners, ‘paan supari’ has been an inseparable combination. We know a lot about the ‘paan’ leaves, but not enough attention has been given to ‘supari’ or betel nuts. Betel nuts are the seeds of the fruits of palm trees, which are mostly cultivated in eastern countries like Bangladesh, India, Malaya, Ceylon, Philippines and Japan. The scientific name of betel nut is Areca cattechu Linn. It is commonly known as Areca nut1. In this article, we will learn all that you might want to know about betel nuts, including their health benefits, side effects and precautions, to name a few.
Betel nuts are rich in a variety of compounds, like carbohydrates, proteins, fibres, minerals like calcium, copper, phosphorus, and iron and Vitamins like Vitamin B6 and C3. Betel nuts are also rich in phytochemicals, which have a high medicinal value. The phytochemicals present in betel nuts include alkaloids like arecoline, guvacoline, guvacine, arecaidine and polyphenols, which mostly include flavonoids like leucocyanidins, catechins, epicatechin and tannins. Here are the Nutritional components of betel nuts with their percentage values:
Betel nuts are also rich in phytochemicals, which have a high medicinal value. The phytochemicals present in betel nuts include alkaloids like arecoline, guvacoline, guvacine, arecaidine and polyphenols, which mostly include flavonoids like leucocyanidins, catechins, epicatechin and tannins4. Here are the phytochemical components of betel nuts with their percentage values:
Betel nuts show numerous scientifically proven properties, some of which are mentioned below:
Some of the health benefits of betel nuts for overall health are:
Literature studies16 support that the consumption of nuts may help manage blood glucose. Musdja et al. conducted a study7 in 2021. The findings of this study showed that betel nut consumption in diabetic rats helped in reducing blood glucose. This effect is attributed to the presence of alkaloids like arecoline and guvacoline. This indicates that betel nuts have the potential to reduce blood glucose and thus may help manage diabetes. However, to claim these results in humans, we need more studies. It is further advised not to self-medicate and to consult your physician for proper management of abnormal blood glucose.
Literature studies state that exercising regularly and following a healthy diet consisting of fruits, vegetables, and nuts may have a positive impact on blood pressure. A study4 conducted by Chen et al. in 2021 stated that betel nuts might improve blood circulation and help in reducing high blood pressure. The exact mechanism behind this effect is not known. Therefore, it is advised not to rely on betel nuts as a remedy, and kindly consult your physician for the proper management of hypertension.
A lipid profile is a complete cholesterol test which measures total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), etc. Peng et al. in 2015 conducted a review8, and the summary estimates of this review state that betel nuts may help in lowering elevated lipid levels. However, we need more studies to claim these results with greater reliability. Also, it is advised not to consider the consumption of betel nuts as an alternative to modern medicine; you should always consult your doctor for proper management of an abnormal lipid profile.
An infection occurs when germs like bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites invade the body. Ayurveda, or the Indian system of medicine, helps support the use of household remedies for managing infections. A review9 conducted by Peng et al. in 2015 stated that betel nuts might help inhibit the growth of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites like tapeworms and ringworms. This effect is due to the presence of polyphenols and alkaloids in betel nuts. This indicates that these nuts may have the potential to manage infections. However, you should not consider these nuts as an alternative to medicines; it is always advised to consult a physician for proper management of any infection.
Literature studies support the use of betel nuts in reducing allergies. A study10 conducted in 2015, the summary states that betel nuts may have the potential to manage skin irritation and provide relief from allergies. The exact mechanism behind these effects is unknown; however, it can help reduce inflammation. It is advised to take a professional opinion for the proper treatment of any allergy or skin irritation. You should not consider betel nuts as an alternative to modern medicine.
According to studies11, arecoline, which is an alkaloid present in betel nuts, increases the secretion of human saliva and increases the contractions of the digestive system, which helps improve digestion. Traditionally, they have been used for managing constipation. Therefore, betel nuts may positively impact the digestive system. To claim these results with greater reliability, we need more studies. It is further advised not to consider these nuts as an alternative to modern medicine; kindly consult your doctor for proper management of any digestive disorder.
Though there are studies that show the benefits of betel nuts in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of betel nuts on human health.
You must consult a qualified doctor before consuming any herbal supplements. You should not discontinue or replace your ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting your doctor.
Liu et al. conducted a study in 201313, which found that commonly reported side effects of betel nuts include nausea, vomiting, dizziness and abdominal pain. A study17 in 2021 stated that betel nuts contain arecoline alkaloid; if consumed in larger amounts, it can be poisonous and may increase the risk of cancer.
However, if you experience any adverse reactions to betel nuts, it is advised to discontinue their intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it, as they will guide you properly for your symptoms.
Consuming betel nuts is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, the following considerations must be taken:
You may become addicted to betel nut chewing, watch out for symptoms of anxiety, insomnia and mood swings14. If you face these complaints, it is likely that you’re facing betel nut addiction. Consult your doctor for proper advice on betel nut withdrawal.
Consumption of betel nuts is contraindicated in people with:
Also Read: Kanchanar Guggulu: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!
However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of betel nuts with other drugs.
Betel nuts are the seeds of the fruits of palm trees which are mostly cultivated in eastern countries like Bangladesh, India, Malaya, Ceylon, Philippines and Japan1.
In Hindi, betel nuts are called supari.
No, there are no proven results on the effects of betel nuts on hair loss.
The safety of betel nut consumption during pregnancy is not well-established; it is therefore advised to avoid its use and consult your doctor for the same.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Jaggery has been used extensively over the years for its many benefits. Due to the wide use of jaggery in Ayurveda, it is also called “medicinal sugar”. It is prepared by processing or boiling sugarcane juice, obtained from the sugarcane plant “Saccharum officinarum”. Jaggery is also known as gud, vellam, Bella or bellam. In an Indian diet, it is consumed either directly or used to prepare several sweet-based foods. Jaggery is used to prepare several traditional sweet dishes like karadantu, godhi huggi, chikki, gazak, and payasam1. This nutritious, unrefined sugar offers several benefits. Daily consumption of jaggery may help with asthma, cold, cough, and anaemia and may act as a natural cleansing agent.
Jaggery contains various nutritional components that are given in the table below. They are rich in a variety of compounds including vitamins, minerals, proteins, and antioxidants like selenium, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E.
Nutritional value for 100 grams of solid jaggery is as follow2:
Scientific literature has found jaggery to show numerous properties as those mentioned below:
Some of the potential benefits of jaggery are described as follows:
Jaggery may have detoxification properties and its consumption may help remove toxins from the body and contribute to liver health. A study4 assessed the effect of jaggery on hepatorenal injury caused by carbon tetrachloride. The intervention was carried out in rats, which received an aqueous extract of jaggery at a dose of 250, 500, and 750mg/kg body weight. Observations under the microscope showed a degree of tissue recovery in treated groups. This indicates that jaggery may help reduce hepatic and renal damage. However, this study was conducted on animals, and more human studies are needed to support these claims.
Asthma is characterised by the narrowing and inflammation of the airways, making breathing difficult. Jaggery is a rich source of iron, which may help support healthy haemoglobin levels. Haemoglobin plays a key role in transporting oxygen throughout the body, and maintaining adequate levels may support general respiratory function5.
Some traditional practices suggest that jaggery may be useful in supporting respiratory health. It also contains trace elements such as selenium, which are believed to assist in neutralising certain external substances in the body3,6. However, more studies are needed to confirm these claims in humans.
Exposure to dust, smoke, or industrial pollutants may lead to irritation or scarring of lung tissue over time. Traditional practices have sometimes associated jaggery with respiratory comfort, particularly in environments with air pollutants. One experimental study examined the effect of jaggery on dust-exposed rats, where the animals received 0.5 grams of jaggery daily for 90 days. The study observed a potential preventive effect on smoke-induced lung changes and suggested that jaggery might assist in the clearance of inhaled particles from lung tissue. This study showed the preventive action of jaggery on smoke-induced lung lesions and may indicate that jaggery can help in managing smoke-induced lung lesions6. However, human studies are required to ascertain these claims.
Anaemia often caused by iron deficiency, is characterised by a reduction of haemoglobin in the blood. Jaggery is a good source of iron and may help iron intake. It is also believed to have pitta-balancing properties in Ayurvedic practice5.
However research is limited and individuals with anaemia or related concerns, are advised to seek guidance from a qualified healthcare professional.
Jaggery is a good source of potassium, which may help regulate heart function and blood pressure. Additionally, the potassium content in jaggery may help reduce the risk of cardiac diseases. The presence of magnesium in jaggery may help in protecting the blood vessels. Therefore, there is a possibility that the consumption of jaggery may positively impact the heart, but we need more human studies to support these claims5.
Though there are studies that show the benefits of jaggery in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of jaggery on human health.
Jaggery can be used in the following ways:
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Jaggery is a traditional sweetener that is often included in meals for both its flavour and cultural significance. It is traditionally believed to help support digestion and may contribute to maintaining body warmth or promoting comfort after meals. In some practices, jaggery is also used to help with digestion. Preliminary studies have explored its potential roles in liver function and in supporting general well-being. Some individuals also use jaggery during certain times of the menstrual cycle9.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
While jaggery is a popular traditional sweetener, it should be consumed in moderation. A few considerations include7:
However, if you experience any adverse reactions to jaggery, immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms.
Also Read: Bael (Aegle Marmelos): Uses, Benefits, Nutritional Value & Side Effects
Eating jaggery is right if it is taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed while consuming jaggery.
Consider replacing refined white sugar with jaggery, a traditional, less processed sweetener. When combined with natural spices like ginger, turmeric, cardamom, or black pepper, jaggery offers a flavourful alternative that many find appealing8.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
There is limited data regarding the interaction of jaggery with drugs. However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of jaggery with other drugs, and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking.
Also Read: Psyllium Husk (Isabgol): Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Jaggery, often called “medicinal sugar,” is a traditional and nutritious sweetener valued for its potential health benefits, including support for digestion, respiratory health, and anaemia. While it may complement a healthy lifestyle, jaggery should be consumed in moderation, especially by those with sugar sensitivities or diabetes, and should never replace professional medical advice or treatment.
Excessive consumption of jaggery can result in stomach pain. Freshly made jaggery can result in indigestion and allergy in individuals who are intolerant to sugar.
Yes, the consumption of jaggery may help regulate the menstrual cycle, but there are not many studies to support this claim. Consult your doctor for appropriate guidance and treatment.
Yes, consumption of jaggery may help improve iron-deficiency anaemia due to its high iron content and pitta-balancing properties. However, not enough studies have been conducted to support these claims. So, it is advised to consult a doctor for proper treatment.
The sugar content in jaggery is equal to white sugar. Although, consumption in moderate quantities is safe, you must consult your doctor for appropriate advice.
Although, no significant interactions are reported with the consumption of jaggery with medicines, it is recommended to consult a doctor to assess possible drug interactions.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Cashew nuts or Kaju are technically not nuts but seeds. The scientific name of cashew nuts is Anacardium Occidentale L. and belongs to the family Anacardiaceae.
Cashew nuts grow on evergreen trees, which are native to Brazil and later expanded to South American countries. The Portuguese introduced cashew nuts in India and Africa in the 16th century.
A single-seeded nut in a hard grey shell grows at the bottom of the cashew apple (a soft and juicy fruit). There are 33 varieties of cashew nuts identified, out of which only 26 varieties are marketed. The W-180 variety is known as the “king of cashews”.
Cashew nuts are a popular ingredient known for its rich nutty flavour and is used in various Indian dishes and as a dairy alternatives like cream and cashew milk. As for the nutritional composition, cashew nuts are rich in tocopherols, phytosterols, phenolic lipids and several bioactive compounds, all of which have several benefits to human health1.
Cashew nuts provide a range of nutrients per 100g serving, as outlined below2:
Cashews have several vital nutrients such as vitamins like vitamin B (thiamine and folate), E, and K. Additionally, they are abundant in minerals like magnesium, phosphorus, copper, and zinc, which are crucial for several body processes11.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Scientific literature has found that cashew nuts show numerous properties as those mentioned below:
Some of the potential benefits of cashew nuts are described below.
Consumption of cashew nuts may exert a cardio-protective effect. A study5 conducted to assess the effects of cashew nut consumption on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors supported that consumption of cashew nuts may improve triglyceride levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, the same study did not find significant effects on other factors like HDL cholesterol or total cholesterol. While these findings are promising, further high-quality research is needed to confirm the potential benefits. Cashew nuts should be consumed in moderation as part of a varied and balanced diet.
Cashew nuts are rich in proanthocyanidins, a flavanol that is associated with cancer cell replication. Additionally, the presence of copper and other minerals may help reduce the risk of colon cancer. Thus, this may indicate consumption of cashew nuts may exert an anti-cancer effect. However, we need enough studies to support these claims6.
Proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha and IL-6 are involved in the development of chronic pain. Cashew nuts have been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving (analgesic) properties, potentially by reducing the production of these inflammatory molecules. They also possess antioxidant activity, which may help protect cells from damage caused by harmful free radicals. These properties suggest that including cashew nuts in the diet may help support the body’s natural response to inflammation and discomfort. However, further research in humans is needed to confirm these potential effects7.
Haemoglobin is a protein that enables red blood cells to carry oxygen. Iron and copper are essential micronutrients required for the production of haemoglobin. Cashew nuts are a source of iron and copper and thus may help in the formation of haemoglobin. Additionally, the consumption of cashew nuts may help in managing blood disorders. However, scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited, and we need more studies to confirm these findings6.
Cashew nuts contain zeaxanthin, an antioxidant known to protect the macula of the eyes from external damage and improve eyesight. This may indicate that the consumption of cashew nuts can help improve vision. However, scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited, and we need more studies to support these claims6.
Cashew nuts may help in improving brain function. Chemobrain is a term for the adverse effects of chemotherapy-induced brain deterioration. There are no drugs which are available to cure the weakening of the brain caused due to chemotherapy. A study8 conducted in 2022 to assess the effects of cashew nuts consumption on cisplatin-induced brain harm in rats showed that cashew nuts could be used as a functional food to manage cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. This indicates that the consumption of cashew nuts may help improve brain function. However, we need more studies to confirm these claims7.
Cashe nuts may help in managing diabetes, supporting bone health, and improving brain function. Additionally, cashew nuts may contribute to healthy weight management and provide nourishment to the hair. Some evidence also suggests they may assist in the prevention of certain blood disorders9.
To my knowledge, cashew nuts offer multiple health benefits as they are packed with micro and macronutrients. They are believed to contain natural compounds that could contribute to immune function, exhibit antioxidant properties, and support general wellness. Some studies12 also suggest that they may also play a role in maintaining skin health and supporting iron intake.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Cashew nuts can be used in the following ways10:
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
A few side effects related to the consumption of cashew nuts include3:
However, if you experience any adverse reactions to cashew nuts, immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms.
Also Read: List of Protein Rich Food for Vegetarians
Eating cashew nuts in moderation is generally considered safe for most people. However, it is important to follow certain precautions while consuming cashew nuts10:
Cashew nuts show no significant drug interactions with medicines. However, it is always advisable to consult a healthcare professional before including cashew nuts regularly in your diet, especially if you are taking prescribed medication.
Also Read: Psyllium Husk (Isabgol): Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Cashew nuts are a nutritious addition to the diet and may offer several potential health-supporting properties. However, they should be consumed in moderation and may not be suitable for everyone. Further studies are needed to confirm their effects on human health.
The scientific name of cashew nuts is Anacardium Occidentale L., and it belongs to the family Anacardiaceae.
Salted cashew nuts can be consumed as snacks occasionally, but they’re not nutritious. It is advised to consume cashew nuts raw, and unsalted without any oils.
Consumption of cashew nuts may help improve eyesight due to the presence of an antioxidant, zeaxanthin. However, there are no studies conducted yet to support these claims.
The symptoms of nut allergy include urticaria (red bumps on the skin), runny nose, swollen lips, and itchy skin.
Consuming cashew nuts in excess can result in constipation or weight gain. It may also trigger an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Every part of the drumstick might contain essential properties for human health; hence, it may be one of the crucial nutritional herbs. For many years, the drumstick has been used as a traditional medicine. According to the Ayurvedic system of medicine, drumsticks may have potential use and be helpful for various diseases due to their high nutritional value, water retention and capacity for purification1.
Drumstick provides large and rare varieties of vital minerals and nutrients. Pods, leaves, flowers, barks, roots and seeds of drumsticks also contain bioactive compounds2.
The major constituents of the drumstick possess biological activities that might play a role in its potential use in several medicinal systems such as Ayurveda, homeopathy, Unani, yoga, naturopathy, and Siddha1. The potential properties of drumstick are as follows3:
Drumsticks might have a wide range of uses with high nutritional value. Various parts of this plant act as stimulants that might possess various activities employed to help with different diseases in the indigenous systems of medicine, particularly in South Asia4. Some of the potential uses of drumstick are described as follows.
The leaf extract of drumstick might show potential anti-diabetic properties that might help lower blood glucose levels. An animal study5 (Gupta R et al. 2012) showed that the extract of leaves of drumsticks might help reduce the progression of diabetes and may induce a reduction in serum glucose levels by increasing the production of protein and insulin hormone.
Another animal study6 showed that the extract of drumstick leaves might help control glucose levels, urinary sugar and protein levels, haemoglobin, and total protein in the blood. However, more studies are required to ascertain the above-mentioned claims. Kindly consult a doctor, as diabetes is a serious condition and should be diagnosed and treated by a doctor.
Various animal studies7 (B.S. Rathi et al. 2006, V.I. Hukkeri et al. 2006) suggest that the extracts from dried leaves of drumsticks might show wound healing action in animal models over granuloma (dead space), excision, and incision. It also significantly decreases scar area, might help in increasing wound closure, and may strengthen skin healing. However, more studies are required on humans to prove the potential uses of drumsticks for wound healing.
Barks, leaves, seeds, flowers, and roots of drumsticks might have a diuretic activity that may be helpful for urine formation in patients with kidney dysfunction. It might also help to lower the deposition of oxalate salts (stones forming units) in the kidneys. An animal study8 (R.V. Karadi et al. 2008) found that the extract of drumstick root lowers the kidney retention of salts and excretion in the urine. Moreover, these extracts also reduce elevated serum uric acid and creatinine levels. This information is insufficient as these studies were done on animals. However, more studies on humans are required to back this claim. Kidney diseases are serious and must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor, so kindly consult a doctor. We recommend do not use drumsticks to self-medicate.
The leaves and seeds of the drumstick might show potential anti-tumour activity. They contain certain compounds which might act as inhibitors and may inhibit the activity of tumour-promoting molecules10. In-vitro studies9 on human cancer cells showed the potential toxic effects of drumstick leaf extracts on cancer cells at the highest dose, contributing to the least survival of cancerous cells. However, much more extensive research is required to prove the potential use of drumsticks for cancer. Moreover, cancer is a serious condition and must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor.
Though there are studies that show the potential uses of drumsticks in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of drumsticks on human health.
Drumstick can be used in the following ways:
You should always consult your doctor before consuming a drumstick for regular use. They will be the best person to prescribe you the correct form and dosage as per your health condition.
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Over the last few years, drumsticks have been significantly researched due to their natural origin and fewer side effects. It is an anti-allergic agent and might be used as a herbal remedy under the supervision of an Ayurvedic physician. However, some people might experience allergic reactions to the seedpods of the drumstick. The most common side effects are:
Also Read: Methi (Fenugreek): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!
Drumstick (Sahjan) is generally considered to be safe if it is consumed in small quantities. However, general precautions have to be followed to avoid complications.
Kindly do not self-medicate, alter, replace, or discontinue any ongoing treatment on your own. Please ensure to consult your doctor regarding health issues.
Also Read: Lady Finger (Bhindi): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!
Drumstick contains many bioactive compounds, which interact with certain drug-metabolising enzymes, resulting in alterations in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination from the body and possibly causing toxicity and failure of treatment. The leaf extract of the drumstick inhibits one of such enzymes, which is responsible for the detoxification of medicines.
Kindly consult a doctor before consuming drumsticks and make sure that it is safe for you.
Also Read: Paneer: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode
Drumstick contain vitamins such as vitamin A, C, B1, B2, B6, and B9, which might be beneficial for various health conditions2. However, people should not use drumsticks to self-medicate prior to consulting a doctor.
There is insufficient and inconclusive data regarding the potential use of drumsticks during pregnancy. Kindly consult your gynaecologist and confirm its safety before eating it.
Yes, the leaf extracts of the drumstick might be helpful for thyroid hormones, which might further help with hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid hormones)13.
A skin prick test is a potential diagnostic tool for determining allergic reactions caused by drumstick.
Yes, moringa and drumstick typically refer to the same plant, Moringa oleifera. In some regions, the long, slender pods of the Moringa tree are commonly referred to as drumsticks due to their resemblance to drumsticks used in percussion instruments. Moringa is known for its nutritional benefits and is consumed in various forms worldwide.
Yes, drumstick (Moringa oleifera) contains calcium, albeit in relatively modest amounts compared to other calcium-rich foods. However, it can still contribute to your overall calcium intake, which is important for maintaining bone health, especially during pregnancy and lactation.
Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) is not known to significantly increase uric acid levels. In fact, it is often considered beneficial for managing uric acid due to its anti-inflammatory properties and potential to support kidney health. However, individual responses to foods can vary, so it’s advisable to monitor your body’s reaction and consult with a healthcare professional if you have concerns about uric acid levels.
Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) is not known to significantly increase blood pressure. In fact, it may have the opposite effect due to its high potassium content, which can help regulate blood pressure by counteracting the effects of sodium. However, individual responses to foods can vary, so it’s essential to monitor your blood pressure levels and consult with a healthcare professional if you have concerns.
Yes, drumstick pods can be eaten raw, but they are often cooked before consumption to soften their tough texture and enhance flavour. However, some people enjoy adding raw drumsticks to salads or using them as a crunchy addition to dishes.
Yes, the drumstick (moringa) is high in potassium. It contains significant amounts of this essential mineral, which plays a crucial role in maintaining proper heart and muscle function.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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Ashokarishta is a famous Ayurvedic formulation made from the bark of the Ashoka tree (Saraca asoca)1. In this blog, we’ll discuss the ingredients of Asokarishtam, its method of preparation, various Ashokarishta uses and benefits, how to use it, and its side effects.
The major ingredients of Ashokarishta include Water for decoction, Jaggery, and Ashoka (Saraca asoca)3.
Did You Know?
Ashoka tree bark is obtained, processed into a decoction, and then combined with other medicinal herbs. This mixture is left to ferment naturally, resulting in the production of Ashokarishta1.
In ancient times, the Ashoka tree was believed to have the ability to reduce sorrow. It has been called the “Friend of Women” as it may offer benefits for various health conditions5. Ashoka can be used both internally and externally, depending on the condition. Some potential uses of Ashokarishta include:
Ashokarishta may enhance skin complexion and protect the body from toxins due to its detoxification properties10. It is also effective in treating acne and dark patches. These potential Ashokarishta benefits are not backed up by sufficient research, so it is advised that you take it only if prescribed by a qualified doctor.
Though there are studies that show the potential uses of ashokarishta in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of ashokarishta on human health.
Did you know that Ashokarishta is a traditional herbal formulation that may help in treating menstrual disorders like leucorrhoea, menorrhagia, and irregular menstruation thus bringing balance and harmony to the female body10.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Ashokarishta is to be taken after a meal along with the same quantity of water1. Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe you the dosage as per your age and condition. It is essential to get a complete examination and diagnosis of your condition before initiating the treatment.
You may consult your Ayurvedic physician for the form and dosage. In addition, we advise you to not replace or quit your current medications with any herbal preparations made from ashokarishta without talking to a physician or an Ayurvedic doctor.
Ashokarishta has a possible targeted action on the mucosa of the uterus and the gastrointestinal tract. It might be effective in reducing catarrhal (mucous) build-up and inflammation in these areas. When other remedies don’t work, Ashokarishta may help by soothing and supporting the health of the uterus and gastrointestinal tract.
Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Generally, Ashokarishta is safer than modern alternatives when taken in recommended doses. However, despite different Asokarishtam uses, an overdose of Ashokarishta may produce side effects like nausea and vomiting9.
Therefore, if you experience any of such side effects, seek immediate medical help from your doctor who has prescribed it to you. They will be the best guide for providing proper treatment to overcome side effects.
Also Read: Kanchanar Guggulu: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!
Also Read: Betel Nuts: Uses, Benefits and Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode
In India, the Ashoka tree is extensively found in South India, Orissa, and Assam. Ashoka tree thrives well in tropical places with well-distributed rainfall.
An imbalance of Pitta dosha leads to indigestion (upset stomach). Ashokarishta balances the pitta dosha and thus it may be helpful for indigestion. Consult your doctor for better advice.
Piles or hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels that can occur inside or around your anus. Ashokarishta is effective in the management of piles due to astringent properties. It provides relief from the burning sensation in piles9. You must contact your health provider for better solutions and prescription according to your conditions.
Saraca asoca or Ashoka tree is marketed in different formulations like Ashokarishta, Ashokkwath, flower powder, seed powder, and Ashokghrita8.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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