Everything To Know About the Influenza Vaccine & Its Importance
By Dr. Vishesh Bharucha +2 more
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By Dr. Vishesh Bharucha +2 more
Table of Contents
Seasonal influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious respiratory illness that affects millions of people worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it causes about one billion infections worldwide (including both symptomatic and asymptomatic), resulting in 3 to 5 million severe cases and nearly 290,000 to 650,000 deaths related to respiratory complications each year1.
While many individuals recover without complications, influenza can lead to serious health outcomes, especially among those with existing medical conditions or weakened immune systems. In severe cases, it may even result in pneumonia, sepsis, or a worsening of chronic diseases1.
Flu vaccinations that are both safe and effective have been used for more than 60 years. They continue to be the best defence against influenza and its consequences2. This article explores everything you need to know about the influenza virus vaccine, from how it works to who should get it.
Wondering what is influenza vaccine used for?
The influenza vaccine, commonly known as the flu shot, is a preventive measure designed to protect against infection from influenza viruses. It works by stimulating the body’s immune system, particularly the antibody-mediated response, and in some cases, cell-mediated immunity to produce antibodies that target the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins on the virus surface, without causing an illness. This helps the body recognise and fight off the virus if exposed later3.
Influenza vaccines are available in various forms, including inactivated influenza vaccine, nasal spray, as well as recombinant options4. These types will be discussed in detail in the following section.
Influenza vaccines for adults and children are available in different forms. The main types include:
This is the most common form of the flu vaccine, which is grown inside an embryonated egg (typically a chicken or hen’s egg)4.
Inactivated influenza vaccine also includes other forms such as4:
These vaccines are produced with recombinant DNA technology. While they do utilise parts of the influenza virus genome, they are not made using whole influenza viruses and do not involve egg-based production3.
This type of vaccine contains weakened live viruses and is sprayed into the nose4.
Note: Remember that accurate dosing depends on the influenza vaccine dosage chart guidelines. Always consult with a doctor to determine the best flu vaccine option for you.
The influenza virus vaccine plays a vital role in protecting individual and public health. Here’s why the flu vaccination is so important:
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that everyone aged 6 months and older receive a flu vaccine each year unless they have specific medical reasons that contradict it3.
Vaccination is especially important for people at higher risk of serious complications from influenza and those who may spread the virus to vulnerable individuals. These include1:
Note: Vaccination during pregnancy also helps protect the newborn for the first few months after birth.
Note: Vaccination is recommended for all eligible children, not limited to age 5.
Note: The LAIV is not recommended for immunocompromised individuals.
For most people, the influenza vaccine schedule lies between September and October as they are generally considered the ideal months to get vaccinated. The main goal is for everyone to be immunised by the end of October before flu activity begins to rise significantly7.
It takes about two weeks after vaccination for the body to develop protective antibodies, which is why getting vaccinated before the peak flu season is strongly recommended.
Note: The influenza virus mutates frequently, resulting in changes to the circulating strains each year. Therefore, the influenza vaccine composition is updated annually to match the most common circulating flu strains1,3.
The influenza vaccine is administered using two primary methods, depending on the type of vaccine and the recipient’s age and health status:
Note: Administering the influenza vaccine in pregnancy is considered safe and effective at any stage of gestation. Children may need a different influenza vaccine dose than adults. Therefore, always verify the correct influenza vaccine dose before vaccination.
Note: Nasal spray should only be administered in healthy individuals from age 2 to 49 years. It should be avoided in pregnancy, people with weak immune systems, children with asthma (2 to 4 years), and in people with long term medical conditions3.
What to Expect (in both cases)9:
Influenza vaccine side effects are generally well-tolerated, and these may include3:
Yes, it is still possible to get the flu even after being vaccinated with the influenza virus vaccine. Here’s why:
Note: Even if the vaccine doesn’t prevent the flu entirely, it can still help your body fight it off faster and reduce the severity of the illness10.
Most influenza vaccine side effects (those mentioned above) are mild and short-lived. However, in rare cases, more serious reactions can occur.
Seek medical attention immediately if you experience any of the following after getting the flu vaccine3,10:
These symptoms could indicate a serious allergic reaction or another medical concern that needs prompt evaluation. If you’re unsure whether a symptom is related to the vaccine, it’s always better to consult a doctor and get it checked.
Also Read: Influenza A: What is It, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
Understanding what the influenza vaccine is helps to recognise why it’s important. It’s an annual shot designed to protect against the most common flu viruses circulating each year. Getting vaccinated every year helps lower your risk of infection and severe illness, and also contributes to reducing transmission, especially among vulnerable populations. While the influenza vaccine doesn’t completely stop the spread of the virus due to ongoing changes in flu strains (antigenic drift) and varying effectiveness, it significantly reduces the risk of serious complications and hospitalisations. Therefore, following the appropriate influenza vaccine schedule (getting vaccinated annually) ensures timely protection, especially for high-risk groups.
No, this is not true. The flu vaccine contains a killed (inactivated) virus. This means it cannot cause the flu10.
No, pregnant women are at a higher risk of complications from the flu and the inactivated flu vaccine protects both the mother and the baby. It helps provide passive immunity to the infant for the first 6 months of life when they are very young to be vaccinated10.
Most people with allergies can safely get the flu vaccine. However, if you have a severe egg allergy or have had a serious allergic reaction to a previous flu shot, you should consult your doctor first3.
People who should consult a doctor before vaccination include those with severe allergies to vaccine ingredients, a history of Guillain-Barré Syndrome within 6 weeks of a prior flu shot, or those who are currently very ill3.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
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