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Best Exercises for Fatty Liver You Should Try 

Introduction

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often referred to simply as fatty liver. It is one of the most common liver conditions affecting people worldwide1. This condition involves the buildup of excess fat in the liver that is not caused by the consumption of alcohol2.  

In India, adult NAFLD rates have been reported as high as 38.6% in adults and 35.4% in children, and the prevalence is known to increase with age and lifestyle related health issues3. Fatty liver can range in severity from simple fat accumulation (non-alcoholic fatty liver or NAFL) to a more serious form called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or even liver cancer if left unaddressed1

The good news is that regular physical activity is one of the most effective ways to manage fatty liver1,3. In this article, we will explore the causes and symptoms of fatty liver and highlight the most effective exercises you can incorporate into your routine to support liver health and manage this condition. Keep in mind that choosing the best exercise for fatty liver means focusing on activities that improve cardiovascular health as well as promote weight loss. 

How Is Fatty Liver Disease Caused?

Fatty liver develops when there is an abnormal buildup of fat in liver cells, more than 5% of the liver’s weight2,5. This fat accumulation occurs due to various conditions: 

Beyond this, several other conditions and factors can contribute to NAFLD: 

Fatty Liver ​​Symptoms

Most people with fatty liver disease (especially in the early stages) may not experience any symptoms1. However, as the condition progresses, some people might start to notice signs that something isn’t quite right.  

Below, we have mentioned some common symptoms of a fatty liver: 

It’s important to note that these symptoms are not exclusive to fatty liver disease and may be associated with other health conditions. However, as the condition progresses to NASH and cirrhosis, signs like abdominal/leg swelling, itchy skin, and spider-like veins may appear9. That’s why regular health check-ups are crucial, especially if you have risk factors like obesity, diabetes, or high cholesterol. 

If you’re concerned about your liver health, you can get a simple test, such as Liver Function Test (LFT), to check how well your liver is working. This blood test measures levels of liver enzymes and can help detect early signs of liver problems. 

Easy Exercises to Reverse Fatty Liver?

One of the most effective ways to improve fatty liver disease is through regular exercise. Are you wondering what the best exercise for fatty liver is? The answer lies in a combination of aerobic activities like walking and strength training for lasting benefits. Studies have shown that both aerobic (cardio) and resistance (strength) training have been proven to reduce fat in the liver10,11

Here are some simple and effective exercises for fatty liver that you can include in your daily routine: 

1. Walking

2. Cycling (Outdoor or Stationary Bike)

cycling

3. Resistance Training (Leg Press, Chest Press, Shoulder Press, etc.)

4. Yoga or Pilates Routines

Note: While exercise and yoga offer certain benefits for fatty liver, it is important to perform activities within your comfort level and under the guidance of fitness and yoga professionals. Additionally, if you have any underlying health conditions, it is important to take medical clearance with the medical practitioner before pursuing any exercise regime. 

​​​Yoga Postures for Fatty Liver and Overall Liver Health

Yoga is a powerful tool that not only reduces stress but also helps stimulate internal organs like the liver, enhancing detoxification and improving its function16. Hence, it can be particularly beneficial for individuals with fatty liver disease. Here are some asanas that you can try out: 

1. Kapalbhati Pranayama (Skull Shining Breathing Technique) 

Steps17: 

Duration and Frequency17,18: 

Benefits16,17: 

2. Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose)

Steps19: 

Duration and Frequency18: 

Benefits16,19: 

3. Dhanurasana (Bow Pose)

Steps19: 

Duration and Frequency: 

Benefits19: 

4. Śalabhāsana (Locust Pose)

Steps17: 

Duration and Frequency: 

Benefits17: 

5. Pavanamuktasana (Wind Relieving Pose)

Steps17: 

Duration and Frequency: 

Benefits17: 

Note: Always practice yoga for fatty liver with awareness and within your comfort level. If you have any underlying health conditions, recent surgeries, or are pregnant, consult your doctor before starting20. It’s best to learn and perform yoga under the guidance of a certified yoga instructor to ensure proper technique and safety. Ideally, practice yoga in the early morning or at a time when your stomach is empty for better results and comfort17

Also Read: Signs You May Have Liver Stress

Additional Tips to Manage Fatty Liver

In addition to medical guidance and structured treatment, individuals with fatty liver disease can adopt several practical lifestyle measures to support liver health: 

Also Read: Exercises for Hernia. Dos and Don’ts

When to See a Doctor

Fatty liver disease often develops silently, but timely medical consultation is advised when you notice the above-mentioned symptoms to rule out this condition. If the disease progresses, it becomes crucial to seek immediate medical attention. You must visit the doctor if you experience any of the following, as these may indicate that the liver disease has advanced: 

As NAFLD progresses, it may develop into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more severe form that includes inflammation and liver cell damage. If left unmanaged, NASH can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer2. Therefore, regular medical check-ups and early lifestyle interventions such as exercise for fatty liver are key to managing fatty liver disease and avoiding long-term complications. 

Also Read: Safe Stretching Exercises You Can Try If Suffering From Phimosis

Conclusion

Exercise and yoga play a vital role in managing fatty liver disease by promoting weight loss, enhancing insulin sensitivity, reducing liver fat, and improving overall metabolic health. While there is no single best exercise for fatty liver approved solely for NAFLD, consistent physical activity, combined with mindful practices like yoga, can significantly halt the progression of the disease. 

By adopting a healthier lifestyle that includes regular exercise, a balanced diet, stress reduction, and mindful habits such as yoga, individuals can not only manage fatty liver more effectively but also improve their overall well-being. Regular consultation with a doctor with early intervention and sustained lifestyle changes is key to avoiding complications and leading a healthier, more energetic life.

Also Read: 6 Best Yoga Poses & Exercises To Deal With Piles

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can exercise alone reverse fatty liver disease? 

Exercise is an important aspect of managing fatty liver disease that can significantly help reduce liver fat. However, it works best when combined with a healthy diet and lifestyle changes20

Is high-intensity exercise necessary to reduce liver fat? 

No, moderate-intensity exercise is sufficient for most people to improve liver health11. Vigorous or high-intensity exercise can help, but it is not mandatory and should be done only if comfortable and safe. 

Are there any risks or precautions I should consider before starting exercise? 

Always start at your own pace and avoid pushing yourself too hard. If you experience pain, dizziness, or difficulty breathing during exercise, you should stop immediately and consult a doctor. Individuals with existing health conditions should always seek medical advice before starting any new exercise or yoga regimen. 

How soon can I expect to see improvements in my liver health? 

Improvements can vary but typically occur over weeks to months with regular exercise and lifestyle changes. Liver fat reduction and better insulin sensitivity often start within 3 to 4 months of consistent physical activity1115

References

  1. Pouwels S, Sakran N, Graham Y, Leal A, Pintar T, Yang W, Kassir R, Singhal R, Mahawar K, Ramnarain D. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022 Mar 14;22(1):63. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8919523/ 
  1. Antunes C, Azadfard M, Hoilat GJ, Gupta M. Fatty Liver [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan; [updated 2023 Jan 1; cited 2025 May 23]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441992/ 
  1. Shalimar, Elhence A, Bansal B, Gupta H, Anand A, Singh TP, Goel A. Prevalence of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2022 May-Jun;12(3):818-829. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9168741/ 
  1. Zarghamravanbakhsh P, Frenkel M, Poretsky L. Metabolic causes and consequences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Metabol Open. 2021 Nov 16;12:100149. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34870138/ 
  1. Kneeman JM, Misdraji J, Corey KE. Secondary causes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2012 May;5(3):199-207. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/22570680/ 
  1. Hallsworth K, Adams LA. Lifestyle modification in NAFLD/NASH: Facts and figures. JHEP Rep. 2019 Nov 5;1(6):468-479. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7005657/ 
  1. Wijarnpreecha K, Aby ES, Ahmed A, Kim D. The association of weight gain with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis detected by FibroScan in the United States. Ann Gastroenterol. 2022 Mar-Apr;35(2):194-202. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8922259/ 
  1. Khoonsari M, Mohammad Hosseini Azar M, Ghavam R, Hatami K, Asobar M, Gholami A, Rajabi A, Safarnezhad Tameshkel F, Amirkalali B, Sohrabi M. Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Iran J Pathol. 2017 Spring;12(2):99-105. Epub 2017 Apr 1. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5831064/ 
  1. Kudaravalli P, John S. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan; . [Updated 2023 Apr; cited 2025 May 27]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541033/ 
  1. Zelber-Sagi S, Buch A, Yeshua H, Vaisman N, Webb M, Harari G, Kis O, Fliss-Isakov N, Izkhakov E, Halpern Z, Santo E, Oren R, Shibolet O. Effect of resistance training on non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease a randomized-clinical trial. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Apr 21;20(15):4382-92. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3989975/ 
  1. Keating SE, Hackett DA, Parker HM, O’Connor HT, Gerofi JA, Sainsbury A, Baker MK, Chuter VH, Caterson ID, George J, Johnson NA. Effect of aerobic exercise training dose on liver fat and visceral adiposity. J Hepatol. 2015 Jul;63(1):174-82. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25863524/ 
  1. Schweitzer GG, Klein S. Exercise and NAFLD: Is it worth the effort? Hepatology. 2017 Nov;66(5):1691-1694. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6121783/ 
  1. Schneider CV, Zandvakili I, Thaiss CA, Schneider KM. Physical activity is associated with reduced risk of liver disease in the prospective UK Biobank cohort. JHEP Rep. 2021 Mar 2;3(3):100263. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8056270/ 
  1. Oh S, So R, Shida T, Matsuo T, Kim B, Akiyama K, Isobe T, Okamoto Y, Tanaka K, Shoda J. High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Improves Both Hepatic Fat Content and Stiffness in Sedentary Obese Men with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 22;7:43029. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5320441/ 
  1. Liu X, Miller YD, Burton NW, Brown WJ. A preliminary study of the effects of Tai Chi and Qigong medical exercise on indicators of metabolic syndrome, glycaemic control, health-related quality of life, and psychological health in adults with elevated blood glucose. Br J Sports Med. 2010 Aug;44(10):704-9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18927159/ 
  1. Singh AK, Kaur N, Kaushal S, Tyagi R, Mathur D, Sivapuram MS, Metri K, Bammidi S, Podder V, Modgil S, Khosla R, Sharma K, Anand A, Malik N, Boroiah V, Nagarathna R, Nagendra HR, Anand A. Partitioning of radiological, stress and biochemical changes in pre-diabetic women subjected to Diabetic Yoga Protocol. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019 Jul-Aug;13(4):2705-2713. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31405697/ 
  1. Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. Common Yoga Protocol. [Internet]. New Delhi: Ministry of External Affairs; [cited 2025 May 20]. Available from: https://www.mea.gov.in/images/pdf/common-yoga-protocol.pdf 
  1. Telles S, Sharma SK, Kala N, Pal S, Gupta RK, Balkrishna A. Twelve Weeks of Yoga or Nutritional Advice for Centrally Obese Adult Females. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Aug 17;9:466. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6107686/ 
  1. Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. Yoga Postures – 17 [Internet]. New Delhi: MEA; [cited 2025 May 20]. Available from: https://www.mea.gov.in/yoga-postures-17.htm 
  1. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Yoga: Effectiveness and Safety [Internet]. NCCIH; [cited 2025 May 20]. Available from: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/yoga-effectiveness-and-safety 
  1. Ahmed IA, Mikail MA, Mustafa MR, Ibrahim M, Othman R. Lifestyle interventions for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2019 Nov;26(7):1519-1524. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6864195/ 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Psyllium Husk (Isabgol): Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Introduction

Psyllium husk or isabgol husk is a natural polymer1,2. It’s made from the outer layers of the seeds of Plantago ovata Forsk (P. ispaghula Roxb.). Isabgol is rich in fibre and mucilage. Mucilage is a colourless gelling agent capable of expanding in volume as it absorbs water up to 40 times its weight1. Dietary fibre obtained from psyllium husk may be used in processed foods, as an ingredient of foods, and in health supplements2

Originating from Western Asia, isabgol is an annual herb. Indian Muslims introduced its medicinal properties from seeds collected firstly from some wild species3. India is presently the major producer and exporter of isabgul husk in the world4

Nutritional Value of Isabgol

The nutrients present in psyllium husk are as follows2

Benefits of Isabgol

Isabgol has several advantages for maintaining a healthy life. It is safe and effective for some conditions if taken in a recommended dose. 

1. Gastrointestinal Issues & Bowel Diseases 

2. Managing Colorectal Cancer

Isabgol may restrict butyric acid’s antineoplastic activity. Thus, it’s considered beneficial in preventing colorectal cancer5

3. Supports Cholesterol Management

Isabgol fibres (soluble and insoluble) have significance in reducing total low-density lipoprotein and serum cholesterol. Thus, it helps reduce the risk of heart diseases5

4. Managing Haemorrhoids 

Supplementing isabgol in the diet is helpful in managing haemorrhoids. Since isabgol helps in dealing with both constipation and loose stools, it would also help in managing haemorrhoids. In a comparative study8, people treated with a placebo of B vitamins had no major difference, and those consuming isabgol had a reduction of bleeding. 

5. Managing Type II Diabetes 

Studies9 on a population with type II diabetes have shown that isabgol husk effectively improved glycaemic and lipid control after meals.    

Including psyllium in your diet may help regulate your blood sugar levels and improve your overall metabolic health. Psyllium has the ability to enrich certain foods like breakfast cereals, pasta, bread, and some snacks, which can be beneficial for individuals with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorders, especially obese adolescents and children.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

How to Use Isabgol

Seek advice from your Ayurvedic physician on dosage as per your health condition4.     

Also Read: Instant Home Remedies for Digestive Problems

Side Effects of Isabgol

Side effects observed with isabgol consumption are as follows: 

Also Read: Lady Finger (Bhindi): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Precautions to Take With Isabgol

Keep the following points in mind: 

Incorporating psyllium into your diet may be beneficial as psyllium husk might be a natural prebiotic. Psyllium husk contains about 15% fermentable fibre, which can support the growth of beneficial bacteria in your gut.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Interactions With Other Drugs

Also Read: Triphala: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is isabgol husk helpful in weight control? 

Yes, many researchers have investigated the potential health benefits of isabgol husk, particularly in weight loss and controlling obesity in children and adults4

Can isabgol husk have an impact on the menstrual cycle? 

Yes, some studies6 have shown that taking isabgol husk for weight loss may lead to menstrual disturbances like prolongation of the cycle by 7-10 days and irregular menstrual cycles. 

Can I take isabgol while fasting? 

No, you should avoid consuming isabgol while fasting due to potential reductions in blood sugar levels caused by isabgol2,5

Can we take isabgol with milk? 

Yes, isabgol should be taken with a sufficient amount of water or any other fluid like milk5

Does isabgol have benefits in inflammation? 

Yes, isabgol may help in relieving inflammation, as it has anti-inflammatory properties7.  

Does isabgol have benefits in skin treatment? 

No, there are no reported benefits of isabgol husk in skin treatment.  

References

  1. Purohit P, Rathore HS. Isabgol: a herbal remedy. World J Pharm Res. 2019 Mar;8(7):579-85. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vipin-Kumar-57/publication/38111508_Isabgol_Husk_A_Herbal_Remedy_for_Human_Health/links/02e7e519cfb0038464000000/Isabgol-Husk-A-Herbal-Remedy-for-Human-Health.pdf 
  2. Verma A, Mogra R. Psyllium (Plantago ovata) husk: a wonder food for good health. Int. J. Sci. Res. 2015 Sep;4(9):1581-5. Available from: https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v4i9/SUB158459.pdf 
  3. Qaisrani TB, Butt MS, Hussain S, Ibrahim M. Characterization and utilization of Psyllium husk for the preparation of dietetic cookies. Int J Mod Agric. 2014 Sep;3(3):81-91. Available from: (PDF) CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION OF PSYLLIUM HUSK FOR THE PREPARATION OF DIETETIC COOKIES (researchgate.net) 
  4. Kumar D, Pandey J, Kumar P, Raj V. Psyllium mucilage and its use in pharmaceutical field: an overview. Curr Synthetic Sys Biol. 2017;5(1):134. Available from: (PDF) Psyllium Mucilage and Its Use in Pharmaceutical Field: An Overview (researchgate.net) 
  5. Sharma VK, Bhattacharya A. Isabgol husk: a herbal remedy for human health. J Pharm Res. 2009 Jan;2:296-301. Available from: (PDF) Isabgol Husk: A Herbal Remedy for Human Health (researchgate.net) 
  6. Tandon VR, Kaur D, Khajuria V. Menstrual disturbance with herbal anti-obesity preparation. J Postgrad Med. 2006 Oct;52(4):326. Available from: https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA154671827&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00223859&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=anon%7E64271648 
  7. Hashem MA, Abd-Allah NA, Mahmoud EA, Amer SA, Alkafafy M. A preliminary study on the effect of Psyllium husk ethanolic extract on hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress induced by Triton X-100 in ection in rats. Biology. 2021 Apr;10(4):335. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/4/335 
  8. Ishan Ayurvedic Medical College and Research Centre. ISABGOL (PSYLLIUM HUSK). [Internet]. Greater Noida: Ishan Ayurvedic Medical College and Research Centre; [cited 2025 Apr 22]. Available from: https://ishanayurved.com/medicinal-plants/isabgol-psyllium-husk/
  9. Anderson JW, Allgood LD, Turner J, Oeltgen PR, Daggy BP. Effects of psyllium on glucose and serum lipid responses in men with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Oct;70(4):466–73. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/70.4.466. PMID: 10500014. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10500014/
  10. Oliver SD. The long-term safety and tolerability of ispaghula husk. J R Soc Promot Health. 2000 Jun;120(2):107–11. doi:10.1177/146642400012000208. PMID: 10944885. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10944885/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Jamun (Java Plum): Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Introduction

Jambolan, Indian blackberry, jamun, black plum, java plum, Malabar plum, Portuguese plum, purple plum, damson plum, and Jamaica are common names for Jamun. The tree is found throughout the Indian subcontinent and many other South Asian countries, including Burma, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka[6]

It is a powerhouse of nutrients and medicinal properties. This deep purple fruit is widely cherished for its unique sweet-tart flavor and numerous health benefits. Rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, Jamun has been used in Ayurvedic and traditional medicine for centuries to help manage diabetes, improve digestion, and boost immunity.

Did you know?

Chemical Composition of Jamun

Anthocyanins, ellagic acid, glucoside, isoquercetin, kaemferol, and myrecetin are among the compounds found in jambolan. The alkaloid jambosine and the glycoside antimellin or jambolin are said to be present in the seeds[1]

Nutritional Value of Jamun

The nutritional content found per 100 g of edible jamun fruit is[2]

Medicinal Benefits of Jamun

Various parts of the Jamun plant are known for different medicinal benefits, as listed below[1].

1. Jamun Bark  

I find it interesting that Jamun wood is known for its strength and resistance to water and termites. This means that it can withstand moisture and insect damage, making it a durable and long-lasting material.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

2. Jamun Fruit

3. Jamun Seed

Benefits of Jamun

1. Benefits of Jamun for Diabetes

2. Benefits of Jamun for Cholesterol

3. Benefits of Jamun for Antioxidants

4. Benefits of Jamun for the Gut

5. Benefits of Jamun for the Liver

6. Benefits of Jamun for Allergy

7. Benefits of Jamun for Arthritis

8. Benefits of Jamun for Infection

9. Benefits of Jamun for Kidney

10. Benefits of Jamun for Anaemia

 11. Benefits of Jamun for the Brain

In my experience, I have observed that consuming Jamun fruit extract may have positive effects against obesity. It appears to regulate gut microbial populations, leading to improvements in weight management, insulin sensitivity

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Also Read: Papaya Leaves and Seeds to Treat Fever and Other Ailments

How to Use Jamun?

Consult an ayurveda doctor and understand the correct dose and form of jamun that can help improve your health. 

The following parts of jamun can be used for medicinal benefits.

Also Read: Low Glycemic Index Fruits for Diabetic People

Side Effects of Jamun

As reported in the literature, flatulence, delayed digestion, laryngitis, inflammation in the lungs, and emphysema are all possible side effects of Jamun. This may vary from person to person depending on the dosage and duration of the product consumed.

Conclusion

Jamun has been used for its medicinal properties in Ayurveda. Different parts of this tree are used for different ailments. It is best to consult an ayurveda doctor and understand the form, dosage and duration of jamun extracts that can be helpful based on your health condition. People with ongoing medicines and conditions like diabetes, liver disease, etc, should speak to their doctor before trying any ayurvedic or herbal remedy.

Also Read: Lychee: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the chemical constituents of jamun?

Anthocyanins, ellagic acid, glucoside, isoquercetin, kaemferol, and myrecetin are among the compounds found in jambolana[1]

Is jamun good for the liver?

Yes, it is good for the liver. E. jambolana showed liver protective activity in rats by lowering the liver serum enzyme levels that were high and improving the production of protein and albumin by repairing liver cells[3]

What are the other names of jamun?

Jambolan, Indian blackberry, black plum, Malabar plum, Portuguese plum, purple plum, and Jamaica are common names of jamun[1]

Is jamun fruit good for diabetics? 

Yes, jamun fruit is good for diabetes. The antidiabetic activity of E. jambolana seed powder was observed as increased body weight and improvement in peak blood glucose levels in rat study[3]

Is jamun good for dogs?

Jamun can be good for dogs in small quantities. It is rich in antioxidants and vitamins, but excessive consumption can cause digestive issues, so it’s best to consult with a veterinarian before adding it to your dog’s diet.

What does jamun fruit taste like?

Jamun fruit has a unique flavor that is typically described as sweet and tangy with a slightly astringent aftertaste. Its taste can vary depending on the ripeness, but it generally combines elements of sweetness and tartness, making it distinctive among fruits.

Does jamun fruit cause cold?

No, jamun fruit does not cause cold. Cold viruses are typically responsible for causing colds, not fruits. Jamun is rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, which can support immune health and may help prevent colds, but it does not directly cause them.

Does jamun cause acne?

There is no direct evidence suggesting that jamun causes acne. However, individual reactions to foods vary, and consuming excessive amounts of sugary fruits like jamun could potentially contribute to acne in some people prone to breakouts. As part of a balanced diet, moderate consumption of jamun is unlikely to cause acne for most individuals.

Does Jamun cause gas?

Jamun can cause gas or bloating in some individuals, particularly if consumed in large quantities or if they have a sensitive digestive system. Its high fiber content may stimulate bowel movements and gas production. Adjusting portion sizes and observing personal tolerance can help mitigate these effects.

Are blueberry and jamun the same?

Blueberry and jamun (Indian blackberry) are not the same fruit. They differ in appearance, taste, and nutritional content. Blueberries are smaller with a sweet flavor, while jamun is larger, purple-black, and has a unique tangy-sweet taste. Both are rich in antioxidants but come from different plant species.

Can jamun cause black stool?

Yes, consuming jamun can sometimes cause black stool due to its natural pigments and high iron content. This discoloration is typically harmless and temporary but consulting a doctor if concerned is advisable, especially if accompanied by other symptoms.

Is jamun good for kidney patients?

Jamun is generally considered beneficial for kidney health due to its diuretic properties, which may help promote urine production and support kidney function. However, individuals with kidney disease should consult a healthcare provider to determine if jamun is suitable for their specific condition and dietary needs.

Is jamun good for acidity?

Yes, jamun can be beneficial for acidity. It has a natural alkaline effect that can help neutralize acid in the stomach, providing relief from acidity and heartburn. However, individual responses to foods can vary, so it’s advisable to consume them in moderation and observe personal tolerance levels.

Is jamun high in potassium?

Yes, jamun is high in potassium. This mineral helps regulate blood pressure, supports heart health, and balances electrolytes in the body.

Is jamun good for the stomach?

Yes, jamun is good for the stomach. It aids digestion, relieves constipation, and helps treat gastric disorders due to its high fiber content and natural astringent properties.

References

  1. Ayyanar M, Subash-Babu P. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels: A review of its phytochemical constituents and traditional uses. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012; 2(3): 240-246.https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60050-1
  2. Shrikant Baslingappa S, Nayan Singh JT, Meghatai MP, et al. Jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.)): a review of its food and medicinal uses. Food Nutr Sci. 2012; 2012. https://www.scirp.org/pdf/FNS20120800006_15940773.pdf
  3. Srivastava S, Chandra D. Pharmacological potentials of Syzygium cumini: a review. J Sci Food Agri. 2013; 93(9): 2084-2093. https://sci-hub.st/10.1002/jsfa.6111
  4. Prince PSM, Menon VP, Pari L. Hypoglycaemic activity of Syzigium cumini seeds: effect on lipid peroxidation in alloxan diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998 Jan;61(1):1–7. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874198000026
  5. Rizvi MK, Rabail R, Munir S, Inam-Ur-Raheem M, Qayyum MMN, Kieliszek M, Hassoun A, Aadil RM. Astounding health benefits of Jamun (Syzygium cumini) toward metabolic syndrome. Molecules. 2022 Oct 24;27(21):7184. doi: 10.3390/molecules27217184. PMID: 36364010; PMCID: PMC9654918. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9654918/
  6. Ayyanar M, Subash-Babu P. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels: a review of its phytochemical constituents and traditional uses. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012 Mar;2(3):240–6. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60050-1. PMID: 23569906; PMCID: PMC3609276. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3609276/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Mustard Oil: Health Benefits, Nutrition, Uses & Side Effects

Introduction

Mustard oil is versatile and used in many parts of the world. It is popularly known as Sarson ka Tel in India and is a key ingredient found in every kitchen. Mustard oil has a strong flavour and enhances the taste of several dishes. Not only that, but it also has numerous health benefits.

But with the fear of cholesterol and an upswing in heart diseases, many people have now become cautious of the kind and quality of oil that they consume on a daily basis. This has led to a widespread increase in the sale of healthy oils such as Olive oil, Sunflower oil, Rice Bran oil and Grapeseed oil.

It is also worth noting that mustard is good for diabetes, owing to its anti-inflammatory properties. So, it is considered one of the ideal oils that can be used in recipes for diabetes.  

Nutritional Value of Mustard Oil

Mustard oil has about 60% monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)(42% erucic acid and 12% oleic acid); it has about 21% polyunsaturated fats(PUFA) (6% omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid(ALA) and 15% omega-6 linoleic acid(LA)) and it has about 12% saturated fats1.

This optimum ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and low content of saturated fats makes mustard oil more beneficial and preferred over several other oils available in the market.

Mustard oil is reddish-brown or amber in colour and is known for its strong smell and pungent, sharp flavour. The pungency of mustard oil is due to the presence of allyl isothiocyanate. This fatty vegetable oil is obtained by pressing mustard seeds.

For now, let’s understand Mustard Oil and its benefits in detail.

The Health Benefits of Mustard Oil

1. Cardioprotective Effects

Mustard oil is a healthy edible oil it is low in Saturated fatty acids (SFA), high in MUFA and PUFA, especially alpha-linolenic acid and has a good LA: ALA ratio (6:5).

In Myocardial infarction (MI) patients using mustard oil, there was a reduction in arrhythmias, heart failure and angina2. Thus, mustard oil is considered a healthy choice for patients with cardiovascular disorders.

N6 (linolenic acid) and N3 (alpha-linolenic acid) are essential fatty acids that have been proven to be beneficial for the body. N6 PUFA lowers LDL cholesterol but can also decrease HDL3, whereas N3 PUFA may lower triglycerides, blood pressure, inflammation, improve vascular function and sudden death.

2. Reduces Cough, Colds

Since ancient times, mustard oil has been used to soothe colds, coughs and other respiratory illnesses and allergies.

Inhaling steam containing mustard oil has been shown to clear respiratory congestion4. Also, a concoction made by heating mustard oil, a few cloves of garlic and 1 teaspoon of ajwain, when massaged on our feet and chest, provides relief from cold and cough. Mustard oil may also show positive effects in patients suffering from sinusitis4.

3. Anti-bacterial, Anti-fungal & Anti-carcinogenic Properties

Glucosinolate, available in mustard oil, which accounts for antibiotic, fungicidal and cancer prevention qualities, serves as a therapeutic for human health. It thus protects us from colorectal and gastrointestinal cancers5.

Allyl isothiocyanate serves as an antifungal agent, which protects food from fungal growth and reduces infection5.

4. Strengthens Red Blood Cells

Mustard oil is a major source of all fats required by our body to perform diverse biological functions as components of plasma, cell lipids and cell membranes. Mustard oil reduces cholesterol and improves the membrane structure of red blood cells (RBC)6

5. Acts as a Stimulant

Mustard oil is a natural stimulant that is known to stimulate our sweat glands, thereby improving blood circulation throughout the body. By increasing blood circulation in the entire body, it also relieves and rejuvenates stressed and overworked muscles. It also helps to lower body temperature and remove toxins from the body7.

6. Relief from Joint Pain & Arthritis

A regular massage with mustard oil helps in relieving aching joints and muscles. Arthritis patients also experience relief and comfort after a massage with mustard oil, thanks to the presence of Omega-3 fatty acids that help to ease stiffness and pain caused due to arthritis8, 9.

7. Immunity Booster

The composition of mustard oil is based on our body’s requirements. This oil has <7% saturated fat, high amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids, ranging from 3.6-32.2%. It also contains a considerable amount of linoleic (18:2) and linolenic acids (18:3)6.

The optimum range of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and vitamin E provides the required nutritional value and boosts our immune system6.

8. Reduces Diabetic Hazards

The amount of vitamin E in the alpha-tocopherol present in mustard oil has beneficial effects in controlling diabetic hazards5.

Trans fat is the major cause of insulin failure and high oxidation of fat.  The absence of trans fat in mustard oil thus helps maintain insulin levels, which in turn regulates our blood sugar levels.

9. Boosts Appetite  

Mustard oil is extremely useful and can be consumed by people who are underweight. It makes you want to eat more by pumping your stomach and facilitates the secretion of gastric juices and bile, which is known to create the feeling of hunger10.

10. May Slow the Growth of Cancer Cells  

Research suggests that mustard oil may also help in slowing down the growth and spread of certain types of cancer cells in your body11.

Other Uses of Mustard Oil

1. Effective Massage Oil

Massage in infancy with mustard oil helps improve growth and post-massage sleep. Massage with mustard oil helps improve the weight, length and midarm and midleg circumferences as compared to infants without massage12.

2. Helps promote Oral Health

Mustard oil helps strengthen your gums and makes it easier to remove the plaque. Plaque is generally formed due to bacteria that are surrounded by fatty membranes. Swishing mustard oil in our mouth can help loosen the fat-soluble bacteria and further prevent gum bleeding.

3. Healthy Hair

Mustard oil contains alpha fatty acids that keep our hair hydrated and lively and help it to grow faster10. Mustard oil is also a rich source of antioxidants, minerals like iron, calcium and magnesium and vitamins like A, D, E and K, all of which are important for hair growth.

The antifungal properties of mustard oil also prevent the development of fungus and dandruff on our scalp7.

4. Good for our Skin

Mustard oil is rich in vitamin B complex, vitamin A, vitamin E, calcium, protein and omega 3 fatty acids. This helps reduce fine lines and wrinkles13. It also helps to remove tan from the skin. Mustard oil also works wonders if you have chapped lips.

The anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties of this oil prevent the development of acne and keep our skin clean and glowing4.

In my experience, I have found that mustard oil has been traditionally used as a rubefacient and irritant due to its topical irritant effects. When applied to the skin, mustard oil can cause a warming sensation and increased blood flow to the area, which may help alleviate pain.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D. (Ayu)

Read More: 7 Home Remedies for Glowing Skin.

5. Used as a Mosquito Repellent

The pungent and strong smell of mustard oil makes it a natural mosquito repellent. Rub a few drops of mustard oil on the skin and drive mosquitoes away.

How to Use Mustard Oil?

Also Read: 21 Healthy Benefits Of Almonds: Facts And FAQs

Side Effects of Using Mustard Oil

Also Read: Is Palm Oil Bad for You?

Mustard Oil vs Refined Sunflower Oil

Mustard and sunflower oil are the two most used oils in India. The consumerist-oriented market has spoiled people with choices, with avocado, groundnut, and olive oil running the race as well. With being the two most popular cooking oils, the debate on which ranks higher in benefits has been going on for a long time.  

Mustard oil, derived from mustard seeds, is dark yellow and has a pungent odour. Mustard oil is widely used as cooking oil in major Indian households, as it has the benefit of not accumulating in the blood vessels. It contains healthy fats like omega-3 and 6, along with helping reduce cholesterol levels. Mustard oil for hair oiling has been used for centuries. Consumption of mustard oil is recommended to be done in moderate amounts, as it contains considerable amounts of erucic acids. Too much mustard oil can cause anaemia or diarrhoea.

On the other hand, refined sunflower oil is a chemically-treated oil that has been made to look clearer by removing impurities, contaminants and odour. Not many benefits of refined oil besides the fact that it is made to cater to the customers’ needs, like refined oil for heart patients. The harmful effects of refined oil are based on the fact that it is chemically treated. The process of refining involves nickel, in addition to sodium hydroxide and preservatives, which are harmful to the digestive system in the long run.

Also Read: Eat These 10 Foods To Fight Fatigue!

References

  1. USDA. Oil, mustard – Nutrients – SR Legacy. FoodData Central. 2020 [cited 2025 Apr 7]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/172337/nutrients 
  2. Singh RB, Niaz MA, Sharma JP, Kumar R, Rastogi V, Moshiri M. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fish oil and mustard oil in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction: the Indian experiment of infarct survival–4. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy. 1997 [cited 2025 Apr 7]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9310278/ 
  3. Fernandez ML, West KL. Mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids modulate plasma lipids. Journal of Nutrition. 2005 [cited 2025 Apr 7]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316622103810 
  4. Agarwal R, Pathak N, Tiwari A, Khan MAA, Ram L, Raaz K, Maheshwari. Comprehensive appraisal concerning to potentially useful compounds occurring in mustard greens (leaves), seeds and oil: Evaluation of their nutritional benefits and toxicological perspective. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research. 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 7]. Available from: https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2205651.pdf 
  5. Kaur R, Sharma AK, Rani R, Mawlong I, Rai P. Medicinal qualities of mustard oil and its role in human health against chronic diseases: A review. Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research. 2019 [cited 2025 Apr 7]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336118318_Medicinal_Qualities_of_Mustard_Oil_and_Its_Role_in_Human_Health_against_Chronic_Diseases_A_Review 
  6. Kaur R, Sharma AK, Rani R, Mawlong I, Rai P. Medicinal qualities of mustard oil and its role in human health against chronic diseases: A review. Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research. 2019 [cited 2025 Apr 7];38:98–104. Available from: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20193361964 
  7. Bhattacharya A. High-temperature stress and metabolism of secondary metabolites in plants. In: Elsevier eBooks. 2019 [cited 2025 Apr 7]. p. 391–484. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/mustard-oil 
  8. Lee YH, Bae SC, Song GG. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis. Archives of Medical Research. 2012 [cited 2025 Apr 7];43(5):356–62. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22835600/
  9. Goldberg RJ, Katz J. A meta-analysis of the analgesic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatory joint pain. Pain. 2007 [cited 2025 Apr 7];129(1):210–23. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17335973/ 
  10. Akhila B, Dharani E, Devi TR, Banu SM, Kumar ST. Anti-helminthic activity and phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of Brassica nigra. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications. 2024 [cited 2025 Apr 7];Apr:1273–85. Available from: https://ijprajournal.com/issue_dcp/Anti%20Helminthic%20Activity%20and%20Phytochemical%20Screening%20of%20Ethanolic%20Extract%20of%20Brassica%20Nigra.pdf 
  11. Herr I, Lozanovski V, Houben P, Schemmer P, Büchler MW. Sulforaphane and related mustard oils in focus of cancer prevention and therapy. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift. 2012 [cited 2025 Apr 7];163(3–4):80–8. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233887225_Sulforaphane_and_related_mustard_oils_in_focus_of_cancer_prevention_and_therapy 
  12. Effects of massage & use of oil on growth, blood flow & sleep pattern in infants. PubMed. 2000 [cited 2025 Apr 7]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11247199/ 
  13. Ismail S, Ahmed-Farid OA, Metwally GF, Mansour D, Khattab A. Anti-aging effect of mustard and flax seed oils based nanoemulsion gel on aged rat skin through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Scientific African. 2024 [cited 2025 Apr 7];Sep 1:e02369. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227624003119 
  14. Thangavel V. Consequences of human consumption of refined edible oil, which is debatable and bad for health. Government obligation to offer appropriate education services: Research analysis. Neurology & Neurotherapy Open Access Journal. 2023 [cited 2025 Apr 7];8(2). Available from: https://doi.org/10.23880/nnoaj-16000185 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Is Palm Oil Bad for You?

Introduction

Palm oil is a widely used ingredient found in many everyday products, from food items to household goods. Despite its prevalence, there is often limited awareness about what palm oil is and how it is used. 

Derived from the fruit of the oil palm tree, palm oil has become a common component in both edible and non-edible products due to its versatility, long shelf life, and cost-effectiveness. It is used in cooking oils, baked goods, snacks, margarine, cosmetics, soaps, and even cleaning products1. 

This article explores the origins of palm oil, its various applications, and its nutritional profile. It also considers the ongoing discussions surrounding its impact on health and the environment. Comparisons with other types of oils will be included to help provide a balanced perspective. 

Origin of Palm Oil

Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil extracted from the fruit of the oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis). Originally cultivated in the western and southwestern regions of Africa, the oil palm is now grown extensively across tropical regions, particularly in Southeast Asia. Due to its unique fat composition, palm oil has become a key ingredient in a wide variety of products worldwide1

Production Process of Palm Oil

Palm oil production begins with the harvesting of oil palm fruits. The fruits are then steamed or boiled and mechanically pressed to extract the oil. It’s important to differentiate between palm oil and palm kernel oil, though both are derived from the Elaeis guineensis plant, palm oil comes from the fruit’s fleshy pulp, while palm kernel oil is obtained from the seed inside the fruit. Each oil has a distinct composition and is used in different culinary and industrial applications2. 

Composition of Palm Oil

Crude palm oil has a has a distinctive reddish-orange colour, primarily due to its natural carotene content, which is the same pigments that give carrots and tomatoes their vibrant hues. It also contains tocotrienols, a form of vitamin E. These naturally occurring compounds contribute to the oil’s oxidative stability and are part of its overall nutritional profile2

Different Forms of Palm Oil

Palm oil is available in various forms depending on the degree of processing. The two most common types found in consumer products are unrefined and refined palm oil3. 

Associated Health Factors

Palm oil has been the subject of considerable attention in discussions surrounding diet and health, largely due to its relatively high saturated fat content. Saturated fats, when consumed in excess, may influence cholesterol levels, which in turn can have implications for heart health. However, palm oil also contains a number of beneficial nutrients, including certain forms of vitamin E and essential fatty acids, which play important roles in supporting overall health. 

Types of Palm Oil

It is important to consider the type and processing level of palm oil, as these factors can affect its nutritional properties and best use. Below is an overview of commonly available forms of palm oil, their characteristics, and typical applications: 

1. Organic Unrefined Red Palm Oil

2. Unrefined Palm Oil 

3. Refined Palm Oil 

How Is Palm Oil Used?

Ever wondered the many ways palm oil is used in our daily life? Let’s take a look. 

1. Uses in Food

Palm oil is a common cooking ingredient thanks to its unique taste and adaptability. It’s particularly good for frying because it can withstand high heat. 

2. Uses in Non-food Products

Palm oil isn’t limited to the kitchen. It is a key ingredient in a variety of everyday non-food items. 

Refined and fractionated palm oil is widely utilised in the food industry due to its distinct functional properties. It demonstrates excellent oxidative stability, which allows it to resist spoilage and maintain quality during storage and processing. Furthermore, palm oil contributes nutritional value by supplying essential nutrients that support bodily functions11.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Nutrition Value of Palm Oil

Palm oil is a versatile ingredient that plays a significant role in both food and non-food products. Its functional properties and stability have led to widespread use in households and industries around the world. 

1. Vitamins, Minerals and Essential Fatty Acids

Unrefined palm oil is a natural source of carotenoids, which the body can convert into vitamin A. This makes it a potentially useful addition to diets where vitamin A deficiency is a concern. Additionally, palm oil contains tocotrienols, a form of vitamin E that has been studied for its antioxidant properties and potential roles in supporting heart and brain function1

While research into these effects is ongoing, these nutrients are recognised for their contribution to overall health. 

2. Saturated Fats and Calories

Approximately 50% of palm oil’s fat content consists of saturated fats, particularly palmitic acid2. Diets high in saturated fat have been associated with increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as ‘bad’ cholesterol which may raise the risk of cardiovascular disease. 

Palm oil, like all oils, is energy-dense and high in calories. Therefore, portion control and overall dietary balance are essential when including it in regular meals. 

The nutritional composition per tablespoon of palm oil is as follows4: 

Potential Health Benefits of Palm Oil

While palm oil is often discussed in the context of its saturated fat content, emerging research suggests it may offer certain potential benefits when consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet. These areas of interest primarily relate to heart and brain health, though further research is necessary to draw firm conclusions. 

1. Heart Health

Some scientific studies have explored the impact of palm oil on heart health, with mixed but noteworthy findings. 

Evidence and Research Studies 

Considerations 

It’s important to emphasise that such findings are associated with moderate consumption within the context of an overall healthy diet. Palm oil is calorie-dense and high in fat, and excessive intake, like that of any fat, may contribute to weight gain and related health issues. Individual dietary needs, existing medical conditions, and overall lifestyle should be considered when evaluating its suitability7

2. Brain Health

Research has indicated potential brain health benefits associated with the vitamin E tocotrienols found in palm oil. 

Evidence and Research Studies 

Studies8 have suggested that tocotrienols in palm oil can help protect the brain against ​neurodegenerative ​diseases. These compounds have been linked to a possible slowing of dementia progression and a reduction in the risk of stroke or the development of brain lesions. 

Tocotrienols function as antioxidants, which may protect the brain’s delicate polyunsaturated fats from oxidative damage. This protective effect could contribute to slowing the advancement of dementia, lowering stroke risk, and preventing the growth of brain lesions. It is important to note, however, that larger-scale human trials are required to substantiate these preliminary findings. 

Palm Oil Controversies

While palm oil may offer certain health benefits, it has also attracted considerable debate regarding its potential negative effects on both human health and the environment. Understanding these issues is crucial to forming a balanced perspective on palm oil production and consumption. 

1. Health Concerns

Much of the health-related discussion around palm oil focuses on its saturated fat content and the possible implications for cardiovascular health. 

There is ongoing scientific debate about the relationship between saturated fat intake, blood cholesterol levels, and heart disease risk. Some studies suggest that palm oil does not adversely affect heart health and may even provide certain benefits when consumed in moderation. Conversely, other research indicates that its relatively high saturated fat content could increase levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), often referred to as ‘bad’ cholesterol, which is linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease2. 

The predominant saturated fat in palm oil, palmitic acid, is considered to have a milder effect on blood cholesterol compared to some other saturated fats. Nonetheless, concerns persist that excessive consumption of palm oil could contribute to elevated cholesterol levels and associated health risks2

2. Environmental Concerns

The environmental impact of palm oil production is a significant aspect of the wider discussion. 

Large-scale palm oil cultivation, particularly in regions such as Southeast Asia, has been associated with substantial deforestation and the destruction of natural habitats. This expansion threatens the survival of endangered species, including the Bornean orangutan and the Sumatran tiger, among others9

Beyond environmental damage, the industry has faced criticism for labour exploitation and violations of indigenous peoples’ rights, especially in areas where regulatory oversight is limited. 

Cheese replacements or imitation products are often preferred for their cost-effectiveness and nutritional profile. When selecting such alternatives, palm oil has demonstrated potential benefits, including a favourable effect on blood cholesterol levels when used instead of milk fat. This is largely attributed to its content of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, the natural tocopherol present in palm oil contributes to the nutritional value of cheese analogues. Thus, incorporating palm oil as a source of dietary fat may be a suitable option11.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Comparing Palm Oil with Other Oils

Understanding how palm oil compares to other popular oils can provide valuable insight into its role in a balanced diet. 

1. Palm Oil vs. Olive Oil

Olive oil is widely recognised for its cardiovascular benefits, primarily because of its high content of monounsaturated fats. Some studies have suggested that palm oil and olive oil may have similar effects on cholesterol levels, despite palm oil’s higher saturated fat content10

2. Palm Oil vs. Canola Oil

Canola oil contains less saturated fat and more monounsaturated fat than palm oil. It also has a notable proportion of omega-3 fatty acids, which contribute to its reputation as a heart-friendly oil. However, most commercially available canola oil is derived from genetically modified crops, whereas palm oil typically is not10

3. Palm Oil vs. Avocado Oil

Avocado oil is rich in monounsaturated fats and antioxidants, making it one of the healthiest cooking oils available. Similar to palm oil, avocado oil is stable at high temperatures, making both oils suitable for frying and other heat-intensive cooking methods10

4. Palm Oil vs. Sunflower Oil

Sunflower oil is known for its high polyunsaturated fat content, especially linoleic acid, which is valued for its potential to lower cholesterol. While its nutritional profile differs from that of palm oil, sunflower oil remains a popular choice for those seeking to manage cholesterol levels10

5. Palm Oil vs. Coconut Oil

Coconut oil, like palm oil, contains a high proportion of saturated fats, particularly lauric acid. Its saturated fat content is generally higher than that of palm oil. Despite this, coconut oil is frequently recommended for its various health effects, although evidence remains mixed and further research is ongoing10

Also Read: Punarnava: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More

Conclusion

Assessing palm oil as either beneficial or harmful is a complex issue that depends largely on consumption patterns, including quantity, frequency, and the context of an individual’s overall diet. While palm oil’s high saturated fat content suggests moderation is necessary, it also provides valuable nutrients such as vitamins A and E, which offers practical benefits in cooking due to its heat stability. 

However, the environmental challenges associated with palm oil production are significant and must be taken into account. Therefore, if palm oil is to be included in the diet, it should be consumed judiciously, within a balanced and varied nutritional framework. Choosing palm oil that is sustainably sourced can further help reduce its environmental impact, supporting both personal health and ecological responsibility. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is unhealthy about palm oil? 

The main concern associated with palm oil is its high saturated fat content, which may increase bad cholesterol and heart disease risk. But eating in moderation as part of a balanced diet should not pose major health risks. 

Is palm oil or olive oil healthier? 

Palm oil and olive oil each offer distinct nutritional properties. Olive oil is a source of monounsaturated fats, while palm oil contains natural antioxidants, including vitamin A (as beta-carotene) and vitamin E (tocotrienols and tocopherols). The choice between the two may depend on individual dietary preferences, culinary use, and nutritional considerations. 

Is it okay to eat palm oil every day? 

As with any food, moderation is key. Palm oil contains saturated fats, and the World Health Organization recommends that saturated fat intake should not exceed 10% of total daily calories. When used in small amounts, palm oil can be part of a balanced and varied diet, depending on individual nutritional needs. 

Does palm oil cause cancer?

There is no conclusive evidence directly linking palm oil consumption to cancer. However, concerns arise from its potential role in a diet high in saturated fats, which may contribute to certain health risks and research on this topic is ongoing. 

Does palm oil cause heart disease?

While palm oil consumption has been associated with elevated levels of LDL cholesterol due to its saturated fat content, the direct link to heart disease remains inconclusive. Moderation in consumption and maintaining a balanced diet are recommended for heart health. 

How long does palm oil last? 

When stored properly in a cool, dark place and sealed tightly, palm oil can have a shelf life of up to a year or more. However, factors such as exposure to heat, light, and air can affect its quality and lead to a shorter storage lifespan. 

Can palm oil cause allergies?

While rare, some individuals may be allergic to palm oil, experiencing allergic reactions such as skin rashes or gastrointestinal discomfort. However, palm oil allergies are not widespread, and most people can consume it without adverse effects. 

Can babies eat palm oil? 

Introducing palm oil to babies’ diets is generally not recommended due to its high saturated fat content. Babies need a balanced diet that primarily consists of breast milk or formula, followed by the gradual introduction of age-appropriate solid foods. 

Is palm oil and palmolein oil the same? 

Palm oil and palmolein oil are not the same, although both are derived from the palm fruit. Palm oil is in a semi-solid form, while palmolein in the liquid fraction is obtained through a refining process. They have different applications in cooking and food processing. 

Does red palm oil darken the skin?

There is no conclusive evidence that red palm oil directly darkens the skin. While some anecdotal claims suggest potential skin benefits, the impact on skin tone is not well-established, and individual reactions may vary. It’s advisable to consult with a dermatologist for personalised skincare advice.

References

  1. Mba OI, Dumont MJ, Ngadi M. Palm oil: Processing, characterization and utilization in the food industry – A review. Food Bioscience [Internet]. 2015 Jun [cited 2025 Jun 27];10:26–41. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272197406_Palm_Oil_Processing_Characterization_and_Utilization_in_the_Food_Industry_-_A_Review 
  2. Ismail SR, Maarof SK, Siedar Ali S, Ali A. Systematic review of palm oil consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Atkin SL, editor. PLOS ONE [Internet]. 2018 Feb 28 [cited 2025 Jun 27];13(2):e0193533. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5831100/ 
  3. Omojola Awogbemi, Lawal AS, Adeyeye EI. Effects of frying and food items on the physicochemical properties of palm oil obtained from Nigeria. Discover Food [Internet]. 2024 Oct 18 [cited 2025 Jun 27];4(1). Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44187-024-00196-3 
  4. US Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central [Internet]. Usda.gov. 2019 [cited 2025 Jun 27]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/171015/nutrients 
  5. Wang F, Zhao D, Yang Y, Zhang L. Effect of palm oil consumption on plasma lipid concentrations related to cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2025 Jun 27];28(3):495–506. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31464396/ 
  6. Voon PT, Lee ST, Ng TKW, Ng YT, Yong XS, Lee VKM, et al. Intake of Palm Olein and Lipid Status in Healthy Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Advances in Nutrition [Internet]. 2019 May 16 [cited 2025 Jun 27];10(4):647–59. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6628844/  
  7. Odia OJ. Palm oil and the heart: A review. World Journal of Cardiology [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2025 Jun 27];7(3):144. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4365303/  
  8. Sen CK, Rink C, Khanna S. Palm Oil–Derived Natural Vitamin E α-Tocotrienol in Brain Health and Disease. Journal of the American College of Nutrition [Internet]. 2010 Jun [cited 2025 Jun 27];29(sup3):314S323S. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3065441/  
  9. Murphy DJ, Goggin K, Paterson RRM. Oil palm in the 2020s and beyond: challenges and solutions. CABI Agriculture and Bioscience [Internet]. 2021 Oct 11 [cited 2025 Jun 27];2(1). Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8504560/  
  10. A rapid overview of systematic reviews on the effects of palm oil intake compared with intake of other vegetable oils on mortality and cardiovascular health in children and adults [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jun 27]. Available from: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376122/9789240088344-eng.pdf  
  11. Sulaiman NS, Sintang MD, Mantihal S, Zaini HM, Munsu E, Mamat H, Kanagaratnam S, Jahurul MHA, Pindi W. Balancing functional and health benefits of food products formulated with palm oil as oil sources. Heliyon. 2022 Oct 11;8(10):e11041. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11041. PMID: 36303903; PMCID: PMC9593283. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9593283/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

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Betel Nuts: Uses, Benefits and Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

From religious ceremonies to mouth-fresheners, ‘paan supari’ has been an inseparable combination. We know a lot about the ‘paan’ leaves, but not enough attention has been given to ‘supari’ or betel nuts. Betel nuts are the seeds of the fruits of palm trees, which are mostly cultivated in eastern countries like Bangladesh, India, Malaya, Ceylon, Philippines and Japan. The scientific name of betel nut is Areca cattechu Linn. It is commonly known as Areca nut1. In this article, we will learn all that you might want to know about betel nuts, including their health benefits, side effects and precautions, to name a few. 

Nutritional Value of Betel Nuts

Nutritional Components

Betel nuts are rich in a variety of compounds, like carbohydrates, proteins, fibres, minerals like calcium, copper, phosphorus, and iron and Vitamins like Vitamin B6 and C3. Betel nuts are also rich in phytochemicals, which have a high medicinal value. The phytochemicals present in betel nuts include alkaloids like arecoline, guvacoline, guvacine, arecaidine and polyphenols, which mostly include flavonoids like leucocyanidins, catechins, epicatechin and tannins. Here are the Nutritional components of betel nuts with their percentage values:  

Phytochemical Components

Betel nuts are also rich in phytochemicals, which have a high medicinal value. The phytochemicals present in betel nuts include alkaloids like arecoline, guvacoline, guvacine, arecaidine and polyphenols, which mostly include flavonoids like leucocyanidins, catechins, epicatechin and tannins4. Here are the phytochemical components of betel nuts with their percentage values:  

Properties of Betel Nuts

Betel nuts show numerous scientifically proven properties, some of which are mentioned below: 

Uses of Betel Nuts for Overall Health

Some of the health benefits of betel nuts for overall health are:

1. Potential Uses of Betel Nuts on Blood Glucose

Literature studies16 support that the consumption of nuts may help manage blood glucose. Musdja et al. conducted a study7 in 2021. The findings of this study showed that betel nut consumption in diabetic rats helped in reducing blood glucose. This effect is attributed to the presence of alkaloids like arecoline and guvacoline. This indicates that betel nuts have the potential to reduce blood glucose and thus may help manage diabetes. However, to claim these results in humans, we need more studies. It is further advised not to self-medicate and to consult your physician for proper management of abnormal blood glucose. 

2. Potential Uses of Betel Nuts on High Blood Pressure 

Literature studies state that exercising regularly and following a healthy diet consisting of fruits, vegetables, and nuts may have a positive impact on blood pressure. A study4 conducted by Chen et al. in 2021 stated that betel nuts might improve blood circulation and help in reducing high blood pressure. The exact mechanism behind this effect is not known. Therefore, it is advised not to rely on betel nuts as a remedy, and kindly consult your physician for the proper management of hypertension. 

3. Potential Uses of Betel Nuts on Lipid Profile 

A lipid profile is a complete cholesterol test which measures total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), etc. Peng et al. in 2015 conducted a review8, and the summary estimates of this review state that betel nuts may help in lowering elevated lipid levels. However, we need more studies to claim these results with greater reliability. Also, it is advised not to consider the consumption of betel nuts as an alternative to modern medicine; you should always consult your doctor for proper management of an abnormal lipid profile. 

4. Potential Uses of Betel Nuts in Infections 

An infection occurs when germs like bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites invade the body. Ayurveda, or the Indian system of medicine, helps support the use of household remedies for managing infections. A review9 conducted by Peng et al. in 2015 stated that betel nuts might help inhibit the growth of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites like tapeworms and ringworms. This effect is due to the presence of polyphenols and alkaloids in betel nuts. This indicates that these nuts may have the potential to manage infections. However, you should not consider these nuts as an alternative to medicines; it is always advised to consult a physician for proper management of any infection. 

5. Potential Uses of Betel Nuts in Allergies and Skin Irritation 

Literature studies support the use of betel nuts in reducing allergies. A study10 conducted in 2015, the summary states that betel nuts may have the potential to manage skin irritation and provide relief from allergies. The exact mechanism behind these effects is unknown; however, it can help reduce inflammation. It is advised to take a professional opinion for the proper treatment of any allergy or skin irritation. You should not consider betel nuts as an alternative to modern medicine.  

6. Potential Uses of Betel Nuts on the Digestive System 

According to studies11, arecoline, which is an alkaloid present in betel nuts, increases the secretion of human saliva and increases the contractions of the digestive system, which helps improve digestion. Traditionally, they have been used for managing constipation. Therefore, betel nuts may positively impact the digestive system. To claim these results with greater reliability, we need more studies. It is further advised not to consider these nuts as an alternative to modern medicine; kindly consult your doctor for proper management of any digestive disorder. 

Other Potential Uses of Betel Nuts

Though there are studies that show the benefits of betel nuts in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of betel nuts on human health.  

How to Use Betel Nuts?

You must consult a qualified doctor before consuming any herbal supplements. You should not discontinue or replace your ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting your doctor.  

Also Read: Masoor Dal: Uses, Benefits, Nutritional Value & more!

Side Effects of Betel Nuts

Liu et al. conducted a study in 201313, which found that commonly reported side effects of betel nuts include nausea, vomiting, dizziness and abdominal pain. A study17 in 2021 stated that betel nuts contain arecoline alkaloid; if consumed in larger amounts, it can be poisonous and may increase the risk of cancer.

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to betel nuts, it is advised to discontinue their intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it, as they will guide you properly for your symptoms. 

Also Read: Kayam Churna: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More

Precautions to Take with Betel Nuts

Consuming betel nuts is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, the following considerations must be taken: 

You may become addicted to betel nut chewing, watch out for symptoms of anxiety, insomnia and mood swings14. If you face these complaints, it is likely that you’re facing betel nut addiction. Consult your doctor for proper advice on betel nut withdrawal. 

Consumption of betel nuts is contraindicated in people with: 

Also Read: Kanchanar Guggulu: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of betel nuts with other drugs. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is betel nut? 

Betel nuts are the seeds of the fruits of palm trees which are mostly cultivated in eastern countries like Bangladesh, India, Malaya, Ceylon, Philippines and Japan1

What is betel nut called in Hindi?

In Hindi, betel nuts are called supari. 

Do betel nuts benefit hair loss?

No, there are no proven results on the effects of betel nuts on hair loss. 

Can you take betel nuts during pregnancy?

The safety of betel nut consumption during pregnancy is not well-established; it is therefore advised to avoid its use and consult your doctor for the same. 

References

  1. Arjungi KN. Areca nut: a review. Arzneimittel-forschung. 1976 Jan 1; 26(5):951-6. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/786304/ 
  2. Kumar A, Oswal K, Singh R, Kharodia N, Pradhan A, Sethuraman L, Venkataramanan R, Purushotham A. Assessment of areca nut use, practice and dependency among people in Guwahati, Assam: a cross-sectional study. Ecancermedicalscience. 2021; 15. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8043683/ 
  1. Shwetha HR, Kotrashetti VS, Reddy N, Chaitanya BN. Estimation of the Major Constituents of Areca nut in its different forms. Austin J. Nutri. Food Sci. 2019; 7:1-5. Available at: https://austinpublishinggroup.com/nutrition-food-sciences/fulltext/ajnfs-v7-id1113.pdf 
  2. Chen X, He Y, Deng Y. Chemical composition, pharmacological, and toxicological effects of betel nut. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021 [cited 2025 Apr 11]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8387188/
  3. Khan S, Mehmood MH, Ali ANA, Ahmed FS, Dar A, Gilani AH. Studies on anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of betel nut in rodents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2011 [cited 2025 Apr 11]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874111002157
  4. Anthikat RN, Michael A. Study on the areca nut for its antimicrobial properties. Journal of Young Pharmacists. 2009 [cited 2025 Apr 11]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-1483.51874
  5. Musdja MY, Nurdin A, Musir A. Antidiabetic effect and glucose tolerance of areca nut (Areca catechu) seed ethanol extract on alloxan-induced diabetic male rats. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science. 2020 [cited 2025 Apr 11]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340740389_Antidiabetic_effect_and_glucose_tolerance_of_areca_nut_Areca_catechu_seed_ethanol_extract_on_alloxan-induced_diabetic_male_rats 
  6. Xu M, Su S, Jiang S, Li W, Zhang Z, Zhang J, et al. Short-term arecoline exposure affected the systemic health state of mice, in which gut microbes played an important role. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2023 [cited 2025 Apr 11]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323005596 
  7. Yamson EC, Tubalinal GASP, Viloria VV, Mingala CN. Anthelmintic effect of betel nut (Areca catechu) and neem (Azadirachta indica) extract against liver fluke (Fasciola spp.). Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research. 2019 [cited 2025 Apr 11]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6702922/ 
  8. Sun Y, Feng J, Hou W, Qi H, Liu Y. Comprehensive insights into areca nut: active components and omics technologies for bioactivity evaluation and quality control. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2024 [cited 2025 Apr 11]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11169615/
  9. Sun H, Yu W, Li H, Hu X, Wang X. Bioactive components of Areca nut: An overview of their positive impacts targeting different organs. Nutrients. 2024 [cited 2025 Apr 11]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10935369/ 
  10. Liu PF, Chang YF. The controversial roles of Areca Nut: medicine or toxin? International Journal of Molecular Sciences [Internet]. 2023 May 19;24(10):8996. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10219234/ 
  11. Gupta AK, Tulsyan S, Thakur N, Sharma V, Sinha DN, Mehrotra R. Chemistry, metabolism and pharmacology of carcinogenic alkaloids present in areca nut and factors affecting their concentration. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology [Internet]. 2019 Dec 2;110:104548. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/areca-nut-extract 
  12. Athukorala IA, Tilakaratne WM, Jayasinghe RD. ARECa Nut chewing: Initiation, addiction, and harmful effects emphasizing the barriers and importance of cessation. Journal of Addiction. 2021 [cited 2025 Apr 11]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8192186/
  13. Garg A, Chaturvedi P, Gupta PC. A review of the systemic adverse effects of areca nut or betel nut. Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology. 2014 [cited 2025 Apr 11]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4080659/ 
  14. Musdja MY, Nurdin A, Musir A. Antidiabetic effect and glucose tolerance of areca nut (Areca catechu) seed ethanol extract on alloxan-induced diabetic male rats. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020 Mar 1 (Vol. 462, No. 1, p. 012036). IOP Publishing. Available at: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/462/1/012036/pdf 
  15. Gupta AK, Tulsyan S, Thakur N, Sharma V, Sinha DN, Mehrotra R. Chemistry, metabolism and pharmacology of carcinogenic alkaloids present in areca nut and factors affecting their concentration. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2019 [cited 2025 Apr 11]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0273230019303125

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Chayote: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More  

Introduction

Chayote, scientifically known as Sechium edule, is a climbing plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. Initially grown in Mexico and Guatemala, it was later introduced to the United States, Europe, Africa, China, and South-Asian countries. Nowadays, it is grown throughout the world in tropical and subtropical areas1

There are two major varieties of chayote plants, namely, the commercial variety and the wild type.1 Commonly chayote is known by different names such as vegetable pear, cho cho, chow-chow, sayote, pear squash, christophene, chuchu, guisquil, and iskus2

The plant’s edible parts are its fruits, stems, leaves, and roots. Chayote fruits are bright green and pear-shaped. There are many medicinal benefits of chayote owing to the bioactive compounds such as sterols, cucurbitacins and polyphenol compounds present in it1.  

Chayote Nutritional Value

Chayote has high nutrient value and is loaded with essential vitamins, minerals, fibers, and antioxidants. According to the US Department of Agriculture, the nutritional value of 100g of Chayote is as follows4:   

Potential Uses of Chayote for Overall Health

Existing studies suggest that chayote may offer the following potential benefits as a part of overall health:   

1. Potential Uses of Chayote for the Heart Health

Diets high in saturated fats can lead to fat build-up in the arteries, making it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently. Chayote is low in fat and contains fibre and antioxidants, which may support heart health by helping to manage cholesterol levels as part of a balanced diet.  

A study8 found that extracts of Chayote help in the treatment of heart diseases by influencing the function of the smooth muscles of the arteries. Additionally, chayote is rich in fibres, and studies have shown that dietary fibres may prevent heart diseases9. However, if you have a heart condition, don’t replace your medications with chayote. It is best to consult a doctor and seek treatment accordingly.  

2. Potential Uses of Chayote for Diabetes

Diabetes is a medical condition in which blood has high levels of sugar. A review study found that the natural antioxidants in the vegetables like chayote may maintain glucose balance in the body and reduce sugar spikes after meals10. Additionally, the rich fibrous content of the chayote may help in managing blood sugar levels by slowing down the absorption of carbohydrates, resulting in reduced blood sugar levels after eating.  The chayote extracts may reduce blood sugar levels3. Consult a doctor to know if consuming chayote is right for you in supporting diabetes management.   

3. Potential Uses of Chayote in Pregnancy 

Women require specific nutrients like folate, iron, calcium, and essential vitamins to support a healthy pregnancy2. Chayote is a good source of folate, a vital nutrient during pregnancy that supports the healthy development of the baby’s brain and spinal cord. Research has shown that adequate folate intake may help reduce the risk of premature delivery and neural tube defects. Including chayote as part of a balanced diet may contribute to a healthy pregnancy. It can also help in lowering blood pressure in pregnant women; however, it is important to consult a healthcare professional rather than relying on self-medication11,12.  

4. Potential Uses of Chayote in Cancer 

Cancer is a medical condition where the body’s cells abnormally multiply, affecting its normal functioning. A study5 found that chayote may inhibit the multiplication of cancerous cells and promote cell death. Studies13 have also found that chayote fruits may help in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Additionally, the chayote leaf extracts may inhibit the multiplication of breast cancer cells14. However, if you suspect cancer, instead of self-medicating, you should consult a doctor to understand chayote leaves’ health benefits and seek treatment accordingly.   

5. Potential Uses of Chayote for Anti-ageing  

Antioxidants may protect the body against cellular damage and reduce inflammation. A study has shown that free radicals may damage the body cells, reduce the body’s functioning over time, and accelerate ageing. Studies15 show that antioxidants from chayote can protect the cells from harmful effects of UV rays, reduce cell damage, and slow down the signs of ageing16. Chayote is rich in antioxidants and vitamin C and may benefit the skin by promoting collagen production that may reduce the visible signs of ageing such as wrinkles, fine lines, and pigmentations1. However, you should always consult a doctor instead of self-medicating to get chayote leaves benefits.   

6. Potential Uses of Chayote in Fatty Liver 

Fatty liver disease occurs when excessive fat accumulates in the liver, affecting its normal function. Some studies have indicated that extracts from chayote may help protect liver tissue by reducing fat deposition. While these findings are promising, further research is needed, and dietary changes should always be discussed with a healthcare professional7. More research is required to understand how chayote squash benefits liver functioning. If you have a fatty liver, you should consult a doctor instead of self-medicating. 

7. Other Potential Uses of Chayote

Other potential uses of chayote squash vegetable are as follows:   

In traditional medicine, decoctions made from the leaves or fruit of chayote have been used for their potential diuretic properties. They have been traditionally applied to help relieve burning sensations during urination, support kidney health, and manage certain respiratory discomforts. However, these uses are based on traditional practices, and scientific evidence is limited. Anyone considering such remedies should consult a qualified healthcare professional8

Chayote fruit is rich in vitamin A and E, both of which are essential for normal bodily functions. Vitamin A may support good vision, reproductive health, and the health of your blood, while vitamin E might be crucial for maintaining a healthy brain and glowing skin19.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

How to Use Chayote?

Chayote can be used in the following ways:  

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.     

Side Effects of Chayote

No significant side effects have been scientifically documented in relation to the moderate consumption of chayote as part of a normal diet. It is well-tolerated by most people and is not known to cause adverse effects when properly prepared and consumed in typical amounts. 

Precautions to Take with Chayote

General precautions must be followed while consuming chayote. Here is a list of a few precautions.    

Also Read: Ber Fruit (Jujube): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

There is not enough evidence on the interaction of the chayote extracts with other drugs. Further studies are required. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you are on any other medication before consuming chayote.    

There is a traditional belief that chayote leaves may help in the natural elimination of kidney stones. They have been used in some cultures with the view that their properties might support the breakdown of kidney stones. However, scientific research on this specific use is currently limited19. It is important to consult a medical professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones rather than relying solely on traditional remedies.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Chayote Recipes

Chayote recipes can be enjoyed in both savoury and sweet dishes. Here are a few chayote recipe ideas to inspire your culinary creativity: 

1. Chayote Salad

Make a refreshing salad by thinly slicing chayote and mixing it with your favourite vegetables, such as tomatoes, onions, and bell peppers. Toss the salad with a zesty vinaigrette dressing for a crisp and healthy side dish. 

2. Stuffed Chayote

Stuffed chayote is a flavourful and satisfying dish in which chayote halves are filled with a seasoned mixture, commonly containing ground meat, vegetables, and herbs. The filled chayotes are then baked or cooked until tender, allowing the mild flavour of the vegetable to blend beautifully with the savoury stuffing. This dish serves as a hearty, protein-rich main course and a wholesome addition to any meal. 

3. Chayote Fries

Cut chayote into strips, season with your preferred spices, and bake or air-fry for a nutritious alternative to traditional potato fries. Sliced chayote is seasoned and baked until it becomes crisp and golden brown, offering a delightful snack or side dish with a unique flavour and texture. These chayote fries are a healthier choice for those looking to enjoy a satisfying, low-calorie treat. 

4. Chayote Squash 

Chayote squash, also known as vegetable pear or mirliton, is a green, wrinkled fruit commonly used in culinary dishes. It has a mild, crisp texture and is versatile in both savoury and sweet chayote squash recipes. Chayote is known for its high fibre content and can be cooked or eaten raw, making it a nutritious addition to a balanced diet. Its subtle flavor allows it to absorb the tastes of the dishes it’s incorporated into, making it a popular choice in various cuisines around the world. 

5. Chayote Desserts

Chayote desserts offer a unique and healthy twist to sweet treats. From chayote pies to puddings, these creations incorporate the mild, crisp texture of chayote into delightful, low-calorie desserts. With their versatility, chayote desserts are gaining popularity among those looking for a nutritious alternative to traditional sweets. 

Experiment with these chayote recipes to make the most of chayote’s unique flavour and versatility. Whether you’re looking for a healthy side dish, a filling main course, or a sweet treat, chayote can be a delightful addition to your culinary repertoire. 

Also Read: Pudina (Mint): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Conclusion 

Chayote is a nutrient-rich vegetable with potential health benefits, including heart support, blood sugar regulation, and antioxidant protection. It can be a healthy addition to your diet when consumed in moderation. However, consult a doctor before using it for medicinal purposes. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What part of the chayote plant is edible?

The fruit, including the seeds, rind, peel, and flesh are edible. You can also eat its tendrils, flowers, and roots. There are several health benefits of eating chayote raw or cooked.   

Is chayote good for diabetes?

Yes, chayote benefits people with diabetes by lowering their blood sugar levels.  Additionally, the nutritional benefits of chayote help in slowing the absorption of carbohydrates which further reduces food intake, weight and thereby, sugar intake. However, you should consult a doctor before using chayote for weight loss and diabetes.   

What are chayote juice benefits? 

There are many health benefits of chayote juice. The extract from chayote fruit may help in promoting healthy digestion, regulating blood pressure, and slowing down the ageing process. Many people prefer having chayote juice for weight loss after working out. However, you should consult a doctor before using chayote for skin, high blood pressure, and digestive issues.   

Is chayote good for the kidney?

Chayote may reduce the formation of kidney stones. However, you should consult a doctor before self-medicating chayote for kidney stones.  

What are the health benefits of chayote?

Chayote is widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. It promotes heart health, prevents cancer, lowers blood pressure, regulates blood sugar, prevents fat accumulation in the liver, fights inflammation, and slows the ageing process. However, you should consult a doctor before utilising chayote benefits for high blood pressure and overall health.  

What is chayote?

Chayote is a green, wrinkled vegetable, scientifically known as Sechium edule. It belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is often used in various culinary dishes. It’s also known as mirliton squash, chocho, or guisquil in different regions. 

How to eat chayote? 

To eat chayote, you can peel and slice it for use in salads, stir-fries, or as a raw snack. It can also be cooked by boiling, steaming, or roasting. Chayote is versatile and pairs well with various flavors and cuisines. 

Is chayote good for babies?

Chayote benefits for baby become evident as it can be a nutritious addition to a baby’s diet, offering essential vitamins and dietary fiber. However, it’s crucial to consult with a pediatrician before introducing new foods to ensure they are suitable for the baby’s age and specific dietary needs. 

Is chayote good for uric acid?

Chayote is considered a relatively safe choice for individuals with high uric acid levels, as it is low in purines that can contribute to uric acid production. However, individual responses may vary, so it’s advisable to monitor how your body reacts to chayote and consult a healthcare provider or dietitian for personalized dietary recommendations. 

Is chayote high in potassium? 

Chayote is relatively low in potassium compared to many other fruits and vegetables, making it a suitable choice for individuals who need to restrict their potassium intake, such as those with kidney issues. However, portion control and overall dietary considerations are still important for individuals with specific potassium restrictions. 

References

  1. Pu Y-T, Luo Q, Wen L-H, Li Y-R, Meng P-H, Wang X-J, et al. Origin, evolution, breeding, and omics of chayote, an important Cucurbitaceae vegetable crop [Internet]. Front Plant Sci [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Jun 4];12:739091. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.739091/full 
  2. Vieira EF, Pinho O, Ferreira IMPLVO, Delerue-Matos C. Chayote (Sechium edule): A review of nutritional composition, bioactivities and potential applications. Food Chem. 2019 Mar 1;275:557-568. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.146. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814618317230?via%3Dihub    
  3. Gavia-García G, Hernández-Álvarez D, Arista-Ugalde TL, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, Santiago-Osorio E, Mendoza-Núñez VM, Rosado-Pérez J. The Supplementation of Sechium edule var. nigrum spinosum (Chayote) Promotes Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Protection in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients. 2023 Sep 22;15(19):4106. doi: 10.3390/nu15194106. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10574595/ 
  4. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central. Chayote, fruit, raw [Internet]. Beltsville (MD): USDA; 2019 Apr 1 [cited 2025 Jun 4]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/170402/nutrients  
  5. Salazar-Aguilar S, Ruiz-Posadas LDM, Cadena-Iñiguez J, Soto-Hernández M, Santiago-Osorio E, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, et al. Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz, a new cultivar with antiproliferative potential in a human cervical cancer HeLa cell line [Internet]. Nutrients. U.S. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2022 Dec 16]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28757593/ 
  6. Ordoñez AAL, Gomez JD, Cudmani NM, Vattuone MA, Isla MI. Antimicrobial activity of nine extracts of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2003;15:33–39. Available from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/323211428.pdf  
  7. Yang MY, Chan KC, Lee YJ, Chang XZ, Wu CH, Wang CJ. Sechium edule Shoot Extracts and Active Components Improve Obesity and a Fatty Liver That Involved Reducing Hepatic Lipogenesis and Adipogenesis in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 May 13;63(18):4587-96. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00346. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25912298/  
  8. Ibarra-Alvarado C, Rojas A, Mendoza S, Bah M, Gutiérrez DM, Hernández-Sandoval L, et al. Vasoactive and antioxidant activities of plants used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases [Internet]. Pharm Biol [Internet]. [cited 2022 Dec 16];48(5):468–75. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20645769/  
  9. McRae MP. Dietary fiber is beneficial for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses [Internet]. J Chiropr Med. 2017 Dec;16(4):289–99 [cited 2025 June 04]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29276461/ 
  10. Tiwari AK. Revisiting “Vegetables” to combat modern epidemic of imbalanced glucose homeostasis. Pharmacogn Mag. 2014;10(Suppl 2):S207–S213. Available from: https://phcog.com/article/view/2014/10/38s/s207-s213     
  11. Greenberg JA, Bell SJ, Guan Y, Yu YH. Folic Acid supplementation and pregnancy: more than just neural tube defect prevention. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Summer;4(2):52-9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22102928/ 
  12. Fauziah NA, Hidajati K, Soejoenoes A. The effect of chayote extract (Sechium edule) on blood pressure in pregnant women with hypertension. Indones J Med. 2019;4(3):266–77. doi:10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.10. Available from: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20203262858  
  13. Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, Soto-Hernández M, Cadena-Iñiguez J, Ruíz-Posadas Ldel M, Cadena-Zamudio JD, González-Ugarte AK, Steider BW, Santiago-Osorio E. Fruit extract from a Sechium edule hybrid induce apoptosis in leukaemic cell lines but not in normal cells. Nutr Cancer. 2015;67(2):250-7. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2015.989370. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25611564/ 
  14. Elavarasan, N., Kokila, K., Inbasekar, G., and Sujatha, V. (2016). Evaluation of photocatalytic activity, antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles by Sechium edule leaf extract. Res. Chem. Intermediat. 43, 1–16. doi: 10.1007/s11164-016-2830-2. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11164-016-2830-2 
  15. Sergiev PV, Dontsova OA, Berezkin GV. Theories of aging: an ever-evolving field.   Acta Naturae. 2015 Jan-Mar;7(1):9-18. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4410392/  
  16. Metral E, Rachidi W, Damour O, Demarne F, Bechetoille N. Long-term Genoprotection Effect of Sechium edule Fruit Extract Against UVA Irradiation in Keratinocytes. Photochem Photobiol. 2018 Mar;94(2):343-350. doi: 10.1111/php.12854. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29110298/  
  17. Fauziah, N. A., Hidajati, K., and Soejoenoes, A. (2019). The effect of chayote extract (Sechium edule) on blood pressure in pregnant women with hypertension. Indonesian J. Med. 4, 266–277. doi: 10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.03.10. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2014/594326  
  18. Del Ángel Coronel OA, León-García E, Vela-Gutiérrez G, De la Cruz Medina J, García-Varela R, García HS. Chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz). In: Yahia EM, editor. Fruit and Vegetable Phytochemicals: Chemistry and Human Health. 2nd ed. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley-Blackwell; 2017. p. 1025–38. doi:10.1002/9781119158042.ch47. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320428959_Chayote_Sechium_edule_Jacq_Swartz_Chemistry_and_Human_Health_2nd_Edition  
  19. Pu YT, Luo Q, Wen LH, Li YR, Meng PH, Wang XJ, Tan GF. Origin, evolution, breeding, and omics of chayote, an important Cucurbitaceae vegetable crop. Front Plant Sci. 2021 Sep 24;12:739091. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.739091. PMID: 34630492; PMCID: PMC8497889. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8497889/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

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Red Rice: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More

Introduction

According to Balinese mythology, a divine bird was sent to Earth carrying four seeds coloured red, white, black, and yellow. During its journey, the bird consumed the yellow seed, leaving only the red, white, and black ones. These are believed to represent the various types of rice grains known today. 

Among them, red rice stands out for its distinctive colour and traditional significance. Commonly referred to by different names such as Oryza longistaminata, Matta rice, Palakkadan Matta rice, and Rakthashali in Ayurveda, red rice owes its rich hue to the presence of anthocyanin, a natural antioxidant pigment. 

Red rice can appear in several forms, which include wild, weedy, or cultivated and may be partially or fully covered with husk. It has been traditionally cultivated in regions such as Sri Lanka, China, the United States, Korea, and India. Within India, red rice is grown in various states, including Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Odisha, and Madhya Pradesh. Notable varieties include Patni from Maharashtra, Matali and Jatu from Kullu, and Matta from Kerala1.  

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Nutritional Value of Red Rice

Red rice is a nutritional powerhouse. It contains proteins, carbohydrates, mono-unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals like zinc and iron. Additionally, red rice is a source of polyphenols, including vanillic acid and ferulic acid, as well as antioxidants like anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and flavonoids, which are responsible for its characteristic colour. The nutritional components of red rice per 100 grams are given below2:   

Properties of Red Rice

Scientific studies have examined various aspects of red rice, and its consumption has been associated with several beneficial nutritional properties. Some of these observed characteristics are outlined below, based on available research and traditional dietary usage. 

Potential Uses of Red Rice for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of red rice are described as below:  

1. Potential Uses of Red Rice in Inflammation  

Inflammation is the body’s natural defence mechanism in response to infection, stress, or tissue injury. It can be acute, such as in the case of fever, or chronic, as seen in long-term conditions like arthritis. A systematic review12 has reported that red rice may exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in certain experimental settings. Antioxidants are known to help protect cells from oxidative stress and may assist in reducing inflammatory responses. These potential effects are attributed to the presence of naturally occurring compounds in red rice, such as gamma-oryzanol, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds3.   

While such findings are of interest, it is important to note that more robust scientific studies are needed to confirm these observations. At present, there is insufficient clinical evidence to support any definitive health claims regarding the management or treatment of inflammatory conditions through the consumption of red rice.  

2. Potential Uses of Red Rice in Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers affecting women worldwide. Some preliminary research13 has investigated the potential effects of red rice on breast cancer cells in laboratory settings. Findings from these studies suggest that certain compounds present in red rice, such as polyphenols, particularly proanthocyanidins may influence cellular processes related to cancer progression. For example, red rice extracts have been observed to inhibit the activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a protein associated with cell growth and may also play a role in reducing cell migration in vitro4.  

However, it is important to emphasise that these studies are experimental in nature, and the results have not been confirmed through large-scale clinical trials. At this stage, there is no conclusive evidence to support any preventive or therapeutic claims related to breast cancer, and further research is required. Individuals should consult with qualified healthcare professionals for medical advice or treatment..  

3. Potential Uses of Red Rice for Alopecia

Alopecia is the loss of hair or baldness. Red rice is naturally rich in protein and other nutrients, which are important for general health, including the maintenance of hair. Some experimental research5 has explored the potential impact of red rice on hair health. In one such study, red rice extract was found to inhibit the activity of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase, which is associated with hair loss in certain conditions. These findings suggest a possible link between compounds found in red rice and reduced hair shedding in laboratory models. However, these results are preliminary and have not been confirmed through extensive human studies. At present, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support the use of red rice in managing alopecia, and individuals experiencing hair loss are advised to seek guidance from a qualified medical professional.  

4. Potential Uses of Red Rice in Type-2-Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is characterised by elevated blood glucose levels either due to a decreased insulin level or resistance of the body to insulin (a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels). A study6 in 2020 investigated the potential effects of red rice in a diabetic mouse model. The findings suggested that red rice consumption may be associated with improved insulin sensitivity and a lower glycaemic response in that experimental context. These observations were attributed to the naturally low glycaemic index of red rice and the presence of certain bioactive compounds. While these results are scientifically noteworthy, 

 it is important to recognise that the study was conducted on animals, and further well-designed clinical trials in humans are necessary to confirm these outcomes. At present, there is not enough evidence to support any definitive health claims regarding the management of Type 2 diabetes through red rice consumption. Individuals with diabetes should consult a qualified healthcare provider for appropriate dietary and medical guidance.  

5. Potential Uses of Red Rice on Dyslipidemia

Dyslipidemia is characterised by elevated cholesterol, including increased low-density lipoprotein, often referred to as ‘bad’ cholesterol, and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL), known as ‘good’ cholesterol. A review of existing research7 has noted that red yeast rice, which is a fermented form of red rice, may help reduce cholesterol levels by inhibiting its synthesis in the body. 

Additionally, the presence of naturally occurring phytosterols and monounsaturated fatty acids in red rice has been associated with potential benefits in managing lipid profiles. These findings suggest that red rice might have a positive effect on dyslipidemia8. However, further rigorous studies are required to establish these claims with greater scientific certainty.  

6. Potential Uses of Red Rice on Digestion

Literature indicates that diets rich in dietary fibre are generally associated with a reduced intake of fats and may contribute to improved digestive health. Traditional Chinese medicine has historically used red rice as a natural help for digestion8.  As a good source of dietary fibre, red rice may support regular bowel movements and provide relief from constipation. Furthermore, red rice is naturally low in fat while being relatively high in protein and fibre, which can promote feelings of fullness, potentially reducing overeating and supporting metabolic health. These characteristics suggest that consuming red rice could be beneficial for digestion, relief from constipation, and maintaining a healthy weight1. However, further scientific studies are needed to confirm these effects.  

7. Other Potential Uses of Red Rice

Though there are studies that show the benefits of red rice in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of red rice on human health.   

As red rice is a good source of many nutrients, including phytochemicals, which are believed to possess properties that may support skin health and potentially contribute to anti-ageing effects15.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Red Rice?

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.    

Also Read: 14 Health Benefits of Amaranth Leaves That You Must Know

Side Effects of Red Rice

Few side effects related to the consumption of red rice include:  

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to red rice, it is advised to discontinue its use immediately and consult a doctor or the Ayurvedic physician who prescribed it. They can provide appropriate guidance based on your symptoms.” 

Certain studies14 have explored the potential of red yeast rice in supporting bone health. Preliminary findings from these studies suggest that red yeast rice may have a role in promoting bone formation.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Precautions to Take with Red Rice

Eating red rice is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions:  

Also Read: Plums (Aloo Bukhara): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!

Interactions with Other Drugs

Therefore, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of red rice with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking.  

Also Read: Clove (Laung): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Conclusion

Red rice is a nutrient-rich grain with potential health benefits supported by both traditional knowledge and preliminary scientific studies. While promising, its therapeutic claims require more clinical evidence for confirmation. As with any supplement, it should be consumed with caution and professional guidance. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is red rice better than white rice?

Yes. In comparison with white rice, red rice is rich in zinc and iron which may offer several health benefits. 

What are the different red rice varieties?

Some famous red rice varieties include Patni of Maharashtra, Matali and Jatu of Kullu, and Matta of Kerala. 

Can red rice help in weight loss?  

Yes. Red rice is low in fat and high in protein and fibres, which increases satiety and reduces overeating, which may help in weight loss. 

What are the side effects of red rice consumption?

If red rice is fermented consumed improperly, it may be associated with a risk of liver injury. Excessive intake of red rice can lead to digestive discomfort, including indigestion, bloating, and stomach pain, primarily due to its high fibre and protein content. While red rice consumption is generally not known to cause allergic reactions, in some cases, it may be linked to symptoms such as itching, rashes, or swelling. The precise causes and mechanisms underlying these reactions are not yet fully understood. 

References

  1. Ahuja U, Ahuja S, Chaudhary N, Thakrar R. Red Rices – Past, Present, and Future. Asian Agri-History [Internet]. 2007 Oct 1 [cited 2025 May 27];11(4). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237785312_Red_Rices_-_Past_Present_and_Future  
  2. US Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central [Internet]. Usda.gov. 2019 [cited 2025 May 27]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/2710838/nutrients  
  3. Agustin AT, Safitri A, Fatchiyah F. Java Red Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Nutritional Value and Anthocyanin Profiles and Its Potential Role as Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry [Internet]. 2021 Aug 3 [cited 2025 May 27];21(4):968. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353975212_Java_Red_Rice_Oryza_sativa_L_Nutritional_Value_and_Anthocyanin_Profiles_and_Its_Potential_Role_as_Antioxidant_and_Anti-Diabetic  
  4. Pintha, Komsak et al. “Proanthocyanidin in red rice inhibits MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell invasion via the expression control of invasive proteins.” Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin vol. 38,4 (2015): 571-81. doi:10.1248/bpb.b14-00719. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25735761/  
  5. Jeng et al. (2012). Agronomic, molecular and antioxidative characterization of red- and purple-pericarp rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutants in Taiwan. Journal of Cereal Science. 56. 425–431. 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.05.015. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/9/6/111  
  6. Yagi, Takakazu et al. “Red rice kojiextract alleviates hyperglycemia by increasing glucose uptake and glucose transporter type 4 levels in skeletal muscle in two diabetic mouse models.” Food & nutrition research vol. 64 10.29219/fnr.v64.4226. 8 Oct. 2020, doi:10.29219/fnr.v64.4226. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33240034/  
  7. Shamim, Shariq et al. “Red yeast rice for dysipidemia.” Missouri medicine vol. 110,4 (2013): 349-54. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6179893/  
  8. Musselman ME, Pettit RS, Derenski KL. A Review and Update of Red Yeast Rice. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine [Internet]. 2011 Dec 4 [cited 2025 May 27];17(1):33–9. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2156587211429703  
  9. Mazzanti, Gabriela et al. “Adverse reactions to dietary supplements containing red yeast rice: assessment of cases from the Italian surveillance system.” British journal of clinical pharmacology vol. 83,4 (2017): 894-908. doi:10.1111/bcp.13171. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5346868/  
  10. Jeon, You Hoon et al. “Identification of major rice allergen and their clinical significance in children.” Korean journal of pediatrics vol. 54,10 (2011): 414-21. doi:10.3345/kjp.2011.54.10.414. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250595/  
  11. Twarużek, Magdalena et al. “Dietary Supplements Based on Red Yeast Rice-A Source of Citrinin?.” Toxins vol. 13,7 497. 17 Jul. 2021, doi:10.3390/toxins13070497. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8310238/
  12. Limtrakul P, Yodkeeree S, Pitchakarn P, Punfa W. Anti‑inflammatory effects of proanthocyanidin‑rich red rice extract via suppression of MAPK, AP‑1 and NF‑κB pathways in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Nutr Res Pract. 2016 Jun;10(3):251–8. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.3.251. Epub 2016 Apr 1. PMID: 27247720; PMCID: PMC4880723. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4880723/ 
  13. Chen Z, Theppawong A, Sangsawad P, Fang J, Ye H, Deng S, Yang M, Gao J, Kraithong S. Bioactive compounds in colored rice: exploring natural agents for cancer prevention in vitro and rodent model studies. J Funct Foods. 2025 May;129:106875. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2025.106875. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464625002178
  14. Wu B, Huang JF, He BJ, Huang CW, Lu JH. Promotion of bone formation by red yeast rice in experimental animals: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2020 Aug 8;2020:7231827. doi:10.1155/2020/7231827. PMID:32832555; PMCID:PMC7429765. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7429765/
  15. Baptista E, Liberal Â, Cardoso RVC, Fernandes Â, Dias MI, Pires TCSP, Calhelha RC, García PA, Ferreira ICFR, Barreira JCM. Chemical and bioactive properties of red rice with potential pharmaceutical use. Molecules. 2024 May 11;29(10):2265. doi: 10.3390/molecules29102265. PMID: 38792127; PMCID: PMC11123668. Available from:  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11123668/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

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Halim Seeds: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Introduction

Halim seeds, also known as garden cress seeds, are tiny reddish-brown seeds packed with nutrition and health benefits. Used for centuries in traditional medicine and cooking, they have been valued for their medicinal properties and rich nutrient profile.

These seeds come from Lepidium sativum, an edible herb belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Originally native to Egypt, the plant is now cultivated worldwide, including in India, where it is primarily grown in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. The plant produces light pink or white flowers and tiny seed pods, which are harvested for their seeds.


Halim seeds are also known by different names across regions, such as Holan, Chandrasura, Aliv seeds, and garden cress. With their impressive nutritional value, they have gained popularity as a superfood. Let’s explore the numerous health benefits these tiny seeds have to offer1.

Nutritional Value of Halim Seeds

Halim seeds are packed with the goodness of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers and minerals like calcium, phosphorus, zinc, etc. and phytochemicals like flavonoids, phenols, lectins, tannins, glycosides, etc. The nutritional components and bioactive components of Halim seeds are mentioned below: 

Properties of Halim Seeds

Scientifically proven properties of Halim seeds include: 

Based on my experience, I have found that the extract from halim seeds shows promising potential as an antifungal agent. It has been observed to effectively inhibit the growth of various fungal species. Halim seeds may possess strong antifungal properties, which could be beneficial in the management of fungal infections.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Halim Seeds for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of Halim seeds are described below:  

1. Potential Uses of Halim Seeds in Type 2 Diabetes 

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia (an increase in blood glucose levels) with reduced or total loss of insulin (a hormone that regulates blood glucose in the body) function.

Qusti et al. conducted a study4 in 2016 to assess the effects of Halim seeds in diabetic rats. The study showed that Halim seeds showed a significant decrease in blood glucose levels. This effect was attributed to the inhibition of molecules which inhibit the insulin pathway. This indicates that Halim seeds may help in managing diabetes. However, we need more studies to support these claims in humans.

2. Potential Uses of Halim Seeds in Bone Health 

Strong bones reduce the risk of fractures and protect vital organs like the brain and heart from damage. To build strong bones and promote bone healing in fractures, calcium and Vitamin D play an important role.

Dixit et al. conducted a study1 on rats in 2020, stating that Halim seeds may positively impact bone health and help promote bone healing in case of fractures due to the presence of calcium and phosphorus in high amounts. This indicates that Halim seed consumption may have a positive impact on bone fractures, provided more human studies are done to support these claims.

3. Potential Uses of Halim Seeds on Obesity 

Obesity is defined as an excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat in the body. A Body Mass Index (BMI)>25 kg/m2 is defined as overweight, and >30 kg/m2 is considered obese. Reducing body weight may help in managing obesity.

Dixit et al. conducted a study4 in 2020 to assess the effect of Halim seeds on obese rats; the study findings supported the use of Halim seeds for weight loss. This indicates that Halim seed consumption may help manage obesity by reducing weight. However, we need more studies to support these claims in humans.

4. Potential Uses of Halim Seeds in Breast Cancer 

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. Literature reviews support the use of dietary agents and a reduced risk of breast cancer.

Mahassni et al. conducted a literature review5 in 2013, stating Halim seeds contain phytochemicals like organo-sulfur compounds and phytosterols, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and may inhibit cell multiplication, arrest the cancer cell cycle and cause apoptosis (cell death of cancer cells). This indicates that Halim seeds may exert an anti-cancer effect on breast cancer. However, there is limited evidence, and we need more studies to support these claims in humans.

5. Potential Uses of Halim Seeds on Hyperlipidemia 

Hyperlipidemia or hyperlipoproteinemia is defined as an increase in total cholesterol, a reduction in low-density lipoprotein or bad cholesterol and an increase in high-density lipoprotein or good cholesterol.

Yousef et al. conducted a study6 in 2014 to assess the effects of Halim seeds on hyperlipidemia; this study states that Halim seeds positively impacted lipid profiles. This effect is attributed to the inhibition of an enzyme, which aids the formation of cholesterol. This indicates that the consumption of Halim seeds may help manage hyperlipidemia. However, more studies should be conducted to claim these effects with more reliability.

In my practice, I have observed that halim seeds may exhibit significant antidiarrheal properties. It is believed to achieve this by inhibiting gastrointestinal propulsion and fluid secretion, resulting in a decreased frequency of bowel movements and reduced fluid loss.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Other Potential Uses of Halim Seeds

Though there are studies that show the benefits of Halim seeds in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Halim seeds on human health.  

How to Use Halim Seeds?

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an Ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Side Effects of Halim Seeds

According to a study9, it is stated that in addition to the nutritional components, Halim seeds also contain anti-nutrients like phytates and oxalates, which may interfere with the absorption of nutrients.  

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to Halim seeds, it is advised to discontinue their intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed them. They will be able to guide you appropriately.

Also Read: Kayam Churna: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More

Precautions to Take with Halim Seeds

Consuming Halim seeds is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions8

The safety data regarding the use of Halim seeds in pregnant and breastfeeding women, the elderly and infants is limited; therefore, it is advised to take necessary cautions if you plan to add this herb to your dietary routine. It is advised to follow precautions and consume it in moderate amounts. 

Consuming Halim seeds is contraindicated in the following situations: 

Also Read: 14 Amazing Health Benefits of Pumpkin Seeds!

Interactions with Other Drugs

However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of Halim seeds with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking8.

Also Read: Chia Seeds: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can you use halim seeds for weight loss? 

Yes, animal studies3 show that Halim seeds may help in weight loss. However, we need more studies to support these claims in humans. Therefore, it is advised to consult a doctor for proper treatment in case you have any weight-related issues.

Can Halim seeds be used during pregnancy? 

The safety data regarding the use of Halim seeds in pregnancy is limited; therefore, it is advised to take necessary cautions if you plan to add this herb to your dietary routine. It is advised to consult a doctor for proper advice. 

Can Halim seeds be used to manage anaemia? 

Yes, Halim seeds, due to their high iron content, may help in managing iron-deficiency anemia. 

References

  1. Dixit Jr Iii, Vinti et al. “Lepidium sativum: Bone healer in traditional medicine, an experimental validation study in rats.” Journal of family medicine and primary care vol. 9,2 812-818. 28 Feb. 2020, doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_761_19. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7113932/ 
  2. AL Sayed et al. Utilization of garden cress seeds (lepidium sativum L.) as natural source of protein ‎and dietary fiber in noodles – pharmaceutical research and Allied Sciences. Available at: https://ijpras.com/article/utilization-of-garden-cress-seeds-lepidium-sativum-l-as-natural-source-of-protein-and-dietary-fiber-in-noodles (Accessed: December 13, 2022).  
  3. Azene, M., Habte, K. & Tkuwab, H. Nutritional, health benefits and toxicity of underutilized garden cress seeds and its functional food products: a review. Food Prod Process and Nutr 4, 33 (2022). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43014-022-00114-z.  
  4. Qusti, Safaa et al. “The Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Activity of Cress Seed and Cinnamon on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes in Male Rats.” Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM vol. 2016 (2016): 5614564. doi:10.1155/2016/5614564. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4972928/ 
  5. Mahassni, Sawsan Hassan, and Roaa Mahdi Al-Reemi. “Apoptosis and necrosis of human breast cancer cells by an aqueous extract of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds.” Saudi journal of biological sciences vol. 20,2 (2013): 131-9. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.12.002. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3730895/ 
  6. El-Gindy, Yassmine M et al. “Reproductive performance and milk yield of rabbits fed diets supplemented with garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seed.” Scientific reports vol. 12,1 17083. 12 Oct. 2022, doi:10.1038/s41598-022-21449-0. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9556594/ 
  7. Jain, T., Grover, K. A Comprehensive Review on the Nutritional and Nutraceutical Aspects of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum Linn.). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 88, 829–836 (2018). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-016-0775-2 
  8. Lippert A, Renner B. Herb-drug interaction in inflammatory diseases: review of phytomedicine and herbal supplements. J Clin Med. 2022 Mar 12;11(6):1567. doi: 10.3390/jcm11061567. PMID: 35329893; PMCID: PMC8951360. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8951360/
  9. Malhotra U, Sontakke M, Shams R, Pandey VK. Effects of pre-treatments on nutritional and mineral composition of garden cress seeds (Lepidium sativum). Food Chem Adv. 2023;3(4):100398. doi:10.1016/j.focha.2023.100398. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372523403_Effects_of_pre-treatments_on_nutritional_and_mineral_composition_of_garden_cress_seeds_Lepidium_sativum

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Hibiscus Tea: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction

Ruby red-coloured hibiscus tea is often consumed as an alternative to regular tea and coffee. It is refreshing and has a tangy flavour. Hibiscus is found in several warm countries like India, Thailand, Vietnam, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Sudan, Egypt, Philippines, and Indonesia. The scientific name of the hibiscus is Hibiscus sabdariffa, and it belongs to the family Malvaceae. Hibiscus is commonly known as ‘roselle’ or ‘red sorrel.’ The fleshy red calyx of hibiscus is often used to make hibiscus tea. Hibiscus is a caffeine-free herbal tea that tastes like berries1. Let us look at some hibiscus tea health benefits.

Nutritional Value of Hibiscus Tea

Brewed hibiscus tea nutrition is as follows2:  

Furthermore, hibiscus has several bioactive compounds like anthocyanin, organic acids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, carotene, and many more1

Properties of Hibiscus Tea

Several studies have shown that hibiscus tea properties may be as follows1:  

Potential Uses of Hibiscus Tea for Overall Health

Some of the potential hibiscus tea uses are: 

1. Potential Use of Hibiscus Tea for Lowering Blood Sugar Levels 

A study3  by Jamrozik et al. in 2022 showed that the polyphenols in hibiscus tea might lower blood sugar levels by inhibiting enzymes like α-glucosidase and α-amylase. These enzymes are responsible for digesting carbohydrates and increasing glucose levels after consuming food.However, further studies on humans are required to check if hibiscus tea may help to lower blood sugar levels. Therefore, you must check your blood sugar levels regularly and immediately consult the doctor in case of abnormal sugar levels. 

2. Potential Use of Hibiscus Tea for Lowering Blood Pressure 

A study4 by McKay et al. in 2009 showed that flavonoids like delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside present in hibiscus tea might reduce blood pressure. Hibiscus is a vasorelaxant as it relaxes the tension on the walls of blood vessels; therefore, it may lower blood pressure. However, more studies on humans are required to check if hibiscus tea may lower blood pressure. Therefore, you must check your blood pressure and consult your doctor in case of abnormal blood pressure. 

3. Potential Use of Hibiscus Tea for Lowering Cholesterol 

A study5 by Sanadheera et al. in 2021 showed that hibiscus tea might reduce bad cholesterol levels (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein). Additionally, it may elevate good cholesterol levels (high-density lipoprotein). This may be due to the antioxidant properties of hibiscus tea. However, more studies on humans are yet to be done to check if hibiscus tea may affect cholesterol levels. Therefore, you must check your cholesterol levels and consult your doctor if you have abnormal cholesterol levels. 

4. Potential Use of Hibiscus Tea for Reducing Inflammation 

A study6 by Raduan et al. in 2013 showed that saponins, flavonoids, and plant sterols might reduce inflammation. Hibiscus tea may inhibit cyclooxygenase. Cyclooxygenase is an enzyme that elevates the levels of prostaglandins (lipids responsible for inflammation). However, more studies on humans are yet to be done to check if hibiscus tea may reduce inflammation. You must consult your doctor if you suspect inflammation in your body. 

5. Potential Use of Hibiscus Tea for Weight Management 

A study7 by F.J. Alarcon-Aguilar et al. in 2007 on mice showed that anthocyanin, cyanidin, and delphinidin in hibiscus tea might reduce weight. Hibiscus tea may reduce weight by reducing the levels of cholesterol and by inhibiting the gastric and pancreatic lipases responsible for increasing the fat levels in the body.7 However, this is the result of animal studies; more studies on humans are required. You must consult your dietitian before making any essential changes to your diet. 

6. Potential Use of Hibiscus Tea for Microbial Infections 

A study10 showed that hibiscus tea might possess antibacterial and antifungal activity. Hibiscus tea may possess activity against Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium from the oral cavity, Schistosoma mansoni, and Campylobacter species. In addition, hibiscus tea may reduce the formation of aflatoxin, a toxin produced by fungi. However, more studies on humans are required to check if hibiscus tea may be beneficial for microbial infections. Therefore, you must consult your doctor if you suspect a microbial infection. 

7. Potential Use of Hibiscus Tea for Cancer 

A study8 by Lin et al. in 2011 showed that hibiscus tea might act against cancer. The polyphenols, like catechin, may be an antioxidants and act against free radicals. Additionally, the polyphenols may inhibit prostate tumours and deactivate the cancerous cells. However, more studies on humans are required to check the anti-cancer effect of hibiscus tea. Therefore, you must immediately consult your doctor if you suspect it instead of self-medicating. 

Though studies show the benefits of hibiscus tea in various conditions, these are insufficient, and further studies are to establish the true extent of the benefits of hibiscus tea on human health. 

How to Use Hibiscus Tea

Here’s a quick and easy hibiscus tea recipe to follow:

You must visit a doctor before taking hibiscus tea in large quantities or any herbal products. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine or herbal preparation without consulting a doctor. 

Also Read: Instant Home Remedies for Digestive Problems

Side Effects of Hibiscus Tea

Studies1 have shown that hibiscus tea is considered safe when consumed adequately. A few hibiscus tea side effects may be gas, upset stomach, and constipation9. If you notice any reaction to consuming hibiscus tea, seek immediate medical attention. Consult your ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you. 

1. Estrogen Levels

2. Effects on Kidneys

3. Gas, Upset Stomach, and Constipation

4. General Recommendations

Also Read: Natural Home Remedies For Grey Hair

Precautions to Take with Hibiscus Tea

The following precautions shall be taken before consuming hibiscus tea: 

It is advised to consult your doctor before consuming hibiscus tea if you have any pre-existing diseases. 

Interactions with Other Medicines

Hibiscus tea may interact with the following medicines

You must consult a doctor before taking hibiscus tea if you are undergoing medical treatment.

Also Read: Everyday Benefits of Jeera Water That You Should Know!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the uses of hibiscus tea? 

Hibiscus tea helps lower blood sugar levels, cholesterol, and blood pressure. It may reduce inflammation, help manage weight, and act against microbial infections. In addition, it may act as an antioxidant and reduce cancer risk. However, you must visit your doctor if you have any of the mentioned conditions instead of self-medicating. 

What vitamins are present in hibiscus tea?

Hibiscus tea contains various vitamins, including vitamin C, which contributes to immune support and skin health. Additionally, it provides traces of vitamin A and vitamin B, enhancing its nutritional profile.

What antioxidants are in hibiscus tea?

Hibiscus tea boasts a rich antioxidant profile, featuring anthocyanins that contribute to its vibrant colour and help combat oxidative stress. These antioxidants may provide potential health benefits, such as supporting heart health and reducing inflammation.

Is hibiscus tea acidic?

Yes, hibiscus tea is slightly acidic due to its natural compounds. However, it’s generally considered safe for most people, but individuals with acid sensitivity may want to consume it in moderation.

Is hibiscus tea good for the kidneys?

Hibiscus tea may have potential benefits for kidney health as it has been associated with lowering blood pressure and reducing oxidative stress. However, individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions should consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating it into their diet.

Is hibiscus tea good for periods?

While some believe hibiscus tea may help relieve menstrual cramps and promote a healthy menstrual cycle due to its reported anti-inflammatory properties, scientific evidence is limited. Individuals seeking relief for period-related discomfort should consult with a healthcare professional for personalised advice.

Is hibiscus tea good for gastritis?

Hibiscus tea might aggravate gastritis symptoms for some individuals due to its natural acidity. It’s advisable for those with gastritis to consult with a healthcare professional to determine whether hibiscus tea is suitable for their specific condition.

Is hibiscus tea contain caffeine?

Hibiscus tea is caffeine-free, making it a suitable choice for individuals looking to avoid or limit caffeine intake. It offers a refreshing option for those seeking a beverage without the stimulating effects of caffeine.

Is hibiscus tea good for PCOS?

Hibiscus tea may be beneficial for individuals with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) as it could potentially help regulate blood pressure and manage insulin resistance. However, individual responses vary, and consulting with a healthcare professional for personalised advice is recommended for those with PCOS.

Is hibiscus tea good for hair growth?

While hibiscus tea is rich in antioxidants that may promote scalp health, scientific evidence on its direct impact on hair growth is limited. For optimal hair growth, it’s crucial to maintain a well-balanced diet and consider consulting with a healthcare professional for personalized advice.

Can I drink hibiscus tea in the morning?

Absolutely, you can enjoy hibiscus tea in the morning. Its caffeine-free nature makes it a refreshing and suitable beverage to start your day, offering a burst of flavour without the stimulating effects of caffeine.

Can I drink hibiscus tea while breastfeeding?

While hibiscus tea is generally considered safe, breastfeeding individuals should consume it in moderation due to limited research on its effects during lactation. It’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before including hibiscus tea in your diet while breastfeeding.

Can I drink hibiscus tea on an empty stomach?

Certainly, drinking hibiscus tea on an empty stomach is generally fine for most people. However, individual reactions vary, so it’s wise to monitor how your body responds. If you experience any discomfort, consider consulting with a healthcare professional for personalised advice.

Can you eat hibiscus tea leaves?

Consuming hibiscus tea leaves is generally not recommended, as they can be tough and have a strong, concentrated flavour. If you’re considering incorporating hibiscus into your diet, it’s advisable to seek guidance from a healthcare professional to ensure safe and suitable consumption.

Can I drink hibiscus tea while fasting?

Yes, you can drink hibiscus tea while fasting. Its lack of calories and potential health benefits make it a suitable beverage during fasting periods. However, individual responses vary, so it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional, especially if you have specific health concerns or conditions.

Is hibiscus tea good for gut health?

Hibiscus tea may support gut health due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, individual reactions vary, and it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for personalised advice on incorporating hibiscus tea for gut health.

What does hibiscus tea taste like?

Hibiscus tea boasts a unique flavour profile characterised by its tart and slightly fruity notes. Its vibrant crimson hue complements its refreshing taste, offering a delightful balance of sweetness and acidity.

Is hibiscus tea good for skin?

Hibiscus tea is considered beneficial for the skin due to its antioxidant-rich composition, potentially supporting a healthy complexion and combating free radicals. However, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional for personalised advice on integrating hibiscus tea into your skincare routine.

Is hibiscus tea good for fatty liver?

Hibiscus tea may offer potential benefits for a fatty liver as it has been linked to liver health support and lipid metabolism. Nevertheless, it’s crucial to seek guidance from a healthcare professional for personalised advice tailored to individual health conditions and needs.

 Is hibiscus tea good for the thyroid?

While hibiscus tea is generally considered safe, excessive consumption may interfere with thyroid function due to its iodine content. It’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for personalised advice, especially if you have thyroid issues, to ensure it aligns with your specific health needs.

Can hibiscus tea be taken at night?

Yes, hibiscus tea can be consumed at night. It is caffeine-free and may promote relaxation, making it a suitable choice before bedtime. However, individual responses may vary, so it’s advisable to monitor how your body reacts to it.

Can hibiscus tea irritate the bladder?

Hibiscus tea is mildly acidic and may potentially irritate the bladder in some individuals. If you have a history of bladder issues, it’s recommended to monitor your body’s response and consult with a healthcare professional for personalised advice.

Can hibiscus tea make you sleepy?

Hibiscus tea is caffeine-free and contains compounds that may have a mild sedative effect, potentially promoting relaxation and aiding in sleep. However, individual responses vary, so it’s advisable to observe how your body reacts and consider consulting with a healthcare professional for personalised guidance.

Can hibiscus tea cause bleeding?

While hibiscus tea is generally safe, it contains compounds that may have mild anticoagulant effects. Consuming large amounts could potentially contribute to bleeding issues, so individuals on blood-thinning medications or with bleeding disorders should consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating it into their diet.

References

  1. Singh P, Khan M, Hailemariam H. Nutritional and health importance of Hibiscus sabdariffa: a review and indication for research needs. J. Nutr. Health Food Eng. 2017;6(5):00212. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pragya-Singh-24/publication/319999247_Nutritional_and_Health_Importance_of_Hibiscus_Sabdariffa_A_Review_and_Indication_for_Research_Needs/links/59c64a92458515548f326de6/Nutritional-and-Health-Importance-of-Hibiscus-Sabdariffa-A-Review-and-Indication-for-Research-Needs.pdf 
  2. Beverages, tea, hibiscus, brewed [Internet]. FoodData Central. [cited 2022Nov28]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171946/nutrients 
  3. Jamrozik D, Borymska W, Kaczmarczyk-Żebrowska I. Hibiscus sabdariffa in Diabetes Prevention and Treatment—Does It Work? An Evidence-Based Review. Foods. 2022 Jul 19;11(14):2134. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/14/2134/pdf 
  4. McKay DL, Chen CY-O, Saltzman E, Blumberg JB. Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. tea (Tisane) lowers blood pressure in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. Journal of Nutrition. 2009 [cited 2025 May 19]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20018807/ 
  5. Sanadheera S, Subasinghe D, Solangaarachchi MN, Suraweera M, Suraweera NY, Tharangika N. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.(red Hibiscus) Tea, Can It Be Used as A Home-Remedy to Control Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia?. Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry. 2021 Jul 27;10(1):59-65. Available from: https://www.sciencebiology.org/index.php/BIOMEDICH/article/view/126 
  6. Raduan SZ, Abdul Aziz MW, Roslida AH, Zakaria ZA, Zuraini A, Hakim MN. Anti-inflammatory effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. and Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. alba ethanol extracts. International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. 2013;5(4):754-62. Available from: https://ir.unimas.my/11330/1/7844.pdf 
  7. Alarcon-Aguilar FJ, Zamilpa A, Perez-Garcia MD, Almanza-Perez JC, Romero-Nunez E, Campos-Sepulveda EA, Vazquez-Carrillo LI, Roman-Ramos R. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa on obesity in MSG mice. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2007 Oct 8;114(1):66-71. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874107003637 
  8. Lin HH, Chan KC, Sheu JY, Hsuan SW, Wang CJ, Chen JH. Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf induces apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Food Chemistry. 2012 May 15;132(2):880-91. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814611016396 
  1. Hibiscus Sabdariffa: Medlineplus supplements [Internet]. MedlinePlus. U.S. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2022Nov28]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/211.html 
  2. Alharbi AE, AlHussaini AM, Alshami I. A comprehensive review of the antimicrobial effects of hibiscus species. Cureus. 2024 [cited 2025 May 19]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11619808/ 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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