Sunken eyes is a condition in which the eye socket looks sunken. It may occur due to enophthalmos, a condition in which the eyeball moves posteriorly, giving the appearance of a sunken eye1 or common causes like lack of sleep, dehydration2, ageing3, stress, poor nutrition, and sudden weight reduction. Sunken eyes may make a person look tired, dull, or older than their age and may impact their self-confidence.
Sunken eyes may also indicate underlying health conditions, such as sinus problems, chronic allergies, tumours, or injuries1. Therefore, understanding the causes of sunken eyes, their management options, and protective measures is important for better management.
Sunken eyes meaning is that the eyeballs appear to move backward into the eye socket more than normal. Eyes may also look sunken or hollow due to conditions like dehydration when the tissue surrounding the eyes loses elasticity. This may cause the upper eyelid area or the bone underneath the eyes to look more prominent.
Sunken eyes are commonly caused by loss of the fat around the eyes, a fracture of the eye socket, and tightening of the tissues around the eyes, which pulls the eyeball backward1. Let’s look at the causes of sunken eyes in detail.
Reasons for sunken eyes include the following:
Ageing can cause the fat around the eyelids to move deep into the eye socket, making the eyes look more sunken4. Loss of body fat, including facial fat, can also contribute to sunken eyes3.
An unhealthy lifestyle may lead to sunken eyes. Lifestyle factors associated with sunken eyes may include:
Sunken eye causes can sometimes include certain underlying conditions such as:
Symptoms you may observe along with sunken eyes include:
Sunken eyes may be diagnosed as follows:
Various approaches may be used to manage sunken eyes depending on their cause. Sunken eyes treatment methods include:
These include:
If you have any underlying conditions that have caused sunken eyes, managing them may help improve sunken eyes. Such conditions and potential management options include:
Certain home care tips may be helpful in managing sunken eyes and related symptoms, as follows:
Note: If your symptoms are not relieved or are worsening after using the sunken eyes remedy methods given above, consult a doctor immediately.
To avoid sunken eyes and related symptoms, you may:
Medical attention is recommended if sunken eyes occur along with any of the following:
Sunken eyes may often be seen as a harmless cosmetic concern, but they may sometimes reflect the need for lifestyle changes or treatment of underlying health issues. Poor sleep, dehydration, ageing, and nutritional deficiencies are some common causes of sunken eyes, while certain medical conditions may also contribute. Early attention to health habits and appropriate management may help improve your appearance and eye health. If sunken eyes develop suddenly or persist despite lifestyle changes, medical evaluation is recommended to rule out underlying problems.
Also Read: Burning Eyes: What Causes the Burning Sensation and How to Manage It
Sunken eyes are mainly known to indicate dehydration, nutrient deficiencies1, poor sleep or ageing3, however, sometimes they may also be caused by underlying health conditions1,8,9,15.
You may manage sunken eyes and their associated symptoms by staying hydrated, consuming nutritious food1, improving sleep patterns5, maintaining a healthy body weight1, trying out home management tips16, or managing underlying health conditions. However, severe cases may require immediate medical attention.
You may have sunken eyes if you have any of the following:
Dehydration
Nutrient deficiencies
Sudden weight reduction1
Ageing3
Lack of sleep
Underlying health conditions1
You may be able to manage sunken eyes by making lifestyle modifications and managing underlying health conditions that cause sunken eyes. You may also check yourself for any underlying health conditions that need to be managed1.
Nutrient deficiencies associated with severe malnutrition (e.g., protein deficiency), anaemia (e.g., B12 deficiency), damage to collagen (e.g., vitamin C deficiency), and dehydration (e.g., potassium or magnesium deficiency) may lead to sunken eyes.
1. Shah SS, Patel BC. Herpetic whitlow. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Dec 13. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563300/
2. Hoxha T, Xhelili L, Azemi M, et al. Performance of Clinical Signs in the Diagnosis of Dehydration in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis. Med Arh. 2015;69(1):10. doi:10.5455/medarh.2015.69.10-12. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25870468/
3. Athanasiov PA, Prabhakaran VC, Selva D. Non‐traumatic enophthalmos: a review. Acta Ophthalmologica. 2008;86(4):356-364. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2007.01152.x. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18462475/
4. Aging Changes in the Face. 2024. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/004004.htm
5. Sundelin T, Lekander M, Kecklund G, Van Someren EJW, Olsson A, Axelsson J. Cues of Fatigue: Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Facial Appearance. Sleep. 2013;36(9):1355-1360. doi:10.5665/sleep.2964. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3738045/
6. Bobok N, Taskesen T. Stress-Induced Changes of the Skin: A Narrative Review. Cureus. Published online November 7, 2025. doi:10.7759/cureus.96285. Available from: https://assets.cureus.com/uploads/review_article/pdf/429743/20251207-371204-2imigj.pdf
7. National Health Service (NHS). Dehydration [Internet]. NHS; 2022 Nov 14. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dehydration/
8. Hwang TN, Rofagha S, McDermott MW, Hoyt WF, Horton JC, McCulley TJ. Sunken Eyes, Sagging Brain Syndrome: Bilateral Enophthalmos from Chronic Intracranial Hypotension. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(11):2286-2295. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.04.031. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21788080/
9. Symptoms and Causes of Chronic Diarrhoea in Children. 2017. Availabe from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/chronic-diarrhea-children/symptoms-causes
10. Joo SP, Kim SH, Park HJ, Jung S, Han JJ, Kim TS. Sunken Eye Induced by Superior Orbital Wall Defect After Craniofacial Surgery. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2016;27(7):1789-1791. doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000002956. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27483101/
11. Swift A, Liew S, Weinkle S, Garcia JK, Silberberg MB. The Facial Aging Process From the “Inside Out.” Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2021;41(10):1107-1119. doi:10.1093/asj/sjaa339. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8438644/
12. Vrcek I, Ozgur O, Nakra T. Infraorbital dark circles: A review of the pathogenesis, evaluation and treatment. J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2016;9(2):65. doi:10.4103/0974-2077.184046. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27398005/
13. Park KY, Kwon HJ, Youn CS, Seo SJ, Kim MN. Treatments of Infra-Orbital Dark Circles by Various Etiologies. Ann Dermatol. 2018;30(5):522. doi:10.5021/ad.2018.30.5.522. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33911473/
14. Sinusitis. 2024. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000647.htm
15. Massey TH, Robertson NP. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: features, diagnosis and management. J Neurol. 2021;268(4):1555-1557. doi:10.1007/s00415-021-10500-1. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-021-10500-1
16. Joshi M, Perera PS, Korrapati NH. Effective Home Remedies that Provide Quick Relief for Puffy Eyes. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies. 2021;28:43-51. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354871368_Effective_Home_Remedies_that_Provide_Quick_Relief_for_Puffy_Eyes
17. Surjushe A, Vasani R, Saple D. Aloe vera: A short review. Indian J Dermatol. 2008;53(4):163. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.44785. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2763764/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Eyes are among the most important sense organs, which are necessary for learning, working, and connecting with the world. Good eye health is not only important for vision but also for overall quality of life. However, in today’s digital age, our eyes face more strain than ever before.
The increased use of smartphones, laptops, and tablets has led to longer screen time for people of all ages. This may cause digital eye strain, dry eyes, headaches, blurred vision, and difficulty focusing1. Over time, recurrent strain and unhealthy habits may also increase the risk of vision problems and age-related eye conditions.
Along with regular eye check-ups and healthy screen habits, proper nutrition also plays a significant role in keeping eye health. Nutrients such as certain vitamins and antioxidants are essential for protecting eyes from damage, improving retinal function, reducing inflammation and keeping the eyes properly moisturised2. A balanced diet rich in these might help reduce the risk of common eye problems and support long-term vision health.
So, in this article we will discuss the importance of nutrients in maintaining eye health. We will learn about which vitamins are good for eyes and foods that can naturally support eye health, and understand some common eye conditions that may occur due to lack of these nutrients.
Proper nutrition is very important for eye health because each part of the eye demands different nutrients to work properly. The following says how vitamins support the different eye parts.
Therefore, proper nutrition plays an important role in the functioning of the eye and is crucial for maintaining long-term healthy vision.
Vitamin deficiencies can harm eye health, as vitamin A deficiency may cause night blindness, lack of vitamins A, C, and D may lead to dry eye syndrome, low dietary antioxidants may increase the risk of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), etc2,3,7. We will discuss more on these in the coming sections.
Eyes require essential vitamins and nutrients to function properly. The following describes why essential nutrients and vitamins for eye health are important.
Besides vitamins, there are certain other nutrients which are known to be beneficial for eye health; these include omega-3 fatty acids, flavonoids, carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin), zinc, selenium, etc. These nutrients are known to protect the eye from oxidative damage, reduce inflammation, maintain retinal health, and aid in vision2,9.
There are several foods that can be included in the diet to support vision and improve eye health. Following are some food sources which might contain vitamins needed for eyes to support vision and overall eye health.
Carrots are known to be rich in vitamin A and carotenoids. Therefore, they might be helpful in promoting good vision, especially during the night3. They are also a fair source of B vitamins10. Hence, they might also support proper optic nerve functioning and maintain overall eye health8.
These include spinach, collard, turnip, kale, etc. They are known to be rich in vitamins like A, C, E and K11. Therefore, they might support eyesight by improving the production of eye pigments2, improve collagen production and maintain eye structure4, and reduce the occurrence of ARED8.
These include salmon, sardine, mackerel, trout, etc. They are known to be a good source of vitamins D and B29. Therefore, they might support the vision by improving retinal health and reducing the occurrence of dry eye disease, diabetic retinopathy and possibly, cataracts8. In addition, they are also a great source of omega-3 fatty acids.
These include oranges, tangerines, grapes, lemons, etc. They are said to have high vitamin C content. Therefore, they might help in tissue repair and reduce the occurrence of ARMD and cataract12.
Eggs are a good source of vitamins A, B12, D and E3,5,13. Therefore, they can support night vision by maintaining a healthy retina, nourish the eyes, improve optic nerve function, and reduce the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy and other ARED3,8.
These include almonds, peanuts, sunflower seeds, etc. They are known to be rich in vitamin E2,8,14. Therefore, they can help support retinal function, reduce oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and manage ARED2. They also contain omega 3 fatty acids, which are known to be beneficial for the eye health.
Now that we know which vitamin is good for eyes, let us see what eye conditions can occur due to the deficiencies of these vitamins.
Eyes can bring about several signs regarding the nutritional deficiencies. The following are some eye signs related to nutritional deficiencies.
Night blindness causes difficulty in seeing at night or in dim light, leading to difficulty in driving at night, adjusting to darkness, or walking through a dimply lit area. This condition usually occurs when there is a deficiency in vitamin A3.
Persistent dryness and itching are signs of nutritional deficiency. This may be due to vitamin A deficiency which causes the cornea of the eye to get dry due to lack of moisture and hydration3. Also, vitamin C and D deficiencies can cause dry eyes7, contributing to itching and irritated eyes. Other nutrients like omega-3 fatty acid deficiency may also disrupt the oily layer in tears causing dry eye.
Feeling tiredness of eyes, heaviness around the eyelids, or discomfort after reading or using digital screens may be a sign of severe vitamin deficiencies, like vitamin B1, which can also contribute to a condition called Wernicke’s encephalopathy7.
Blurred vision which is not related to eyesight issues may sometimes be due to nutritional deficiencies, such as vitamin A. If not treated, it can even lead to blindness, especially in children3.
Light sensitivity is related to deficiency of antioxidants2. This can cause the eyes to become more sensitive and uncomfortable in bright conditions.
Recurrent eye infections or minor eye irritations taking time to heal may be associated with nutritional deficiencies like vitamin C, which is important for tissue repair and immune function13. Severe deficiency may cause repeated eye problems.
Note: Ageing naturally causes the eyes to become weak and lose some protection against damage. Unhealthy habits like too much screen time, poor diet, smoking, lack of sleep, and excess sun exposure might also worsen these conditions. Eating a balanced diet and maintaining a healthy lifestyle might reduce the eye damage and support long-term vision.
Proper eye nutrition is essential at every stage of life, but certain age groups require extra attention due to higher risks of vision-related changes and disorders. These include:
Research supports the idea that eye health supplements can be helpful, but primarily for conditions like AMD. The evidence shows an ageage-related eye disease study (AREDS) formula, which is a combination of vitamins A and E, beta-carotene and zinc, may reduce the risk of advanced AMD. There is limited evidence supporting the use of omega-3 supplements for dry eye disease; further research is needed to reach a conclusion. The studies don’t provide any evidence for antioxidant supplementation for conditions like cataracts and glaucoma19.
Eye supplements may be helpful for:
Eye supplements may be taken once daily along with a meal or snack.
Note: Supplements should ideally be taken only after medical advice and as suggested by your doctor, as excessive intake of certain vitamins may be harmful.
Here is a comparison between the food and supplementation:
| Aspects | Food | Supplements |
| Nutrient source | Natural, whole nutrients | Concentrated, isolated nutrients |
| Absorption | Better absorption and utilisation by body | May be less absorbed when compared with food |
| Safety | Low risk of overdose | Overconsumption might raise safety concerns |
| Additional benefits | Provides other nutrients like antioxidants, phytochemicals, etc | Provides only specific nutrients |
Therefore, vitamins from food might be more beneficial when compared to supplements, as they provide other nutrients along with them. However, in conditions where the food alone may not fulfil the requirements or in individuals with dietary restrictions, supplementation might be needed. Under such circumstances, it should be taken only under the guidance of a doctor.
The recognisable changes in your body should not be ignored, as they may be signs of severe nutritional deficiencies. Consult a doctor for the following:
Consult a healthcare professional if you are considering supplementation20 and fall in the high-risk categories mentioned below:
Every consultation might help reduce complications and protect long-term vision health.
Also Read: What Is Eye Strain and How Can You Reduce It in the Digital Age
Good eye health depends on balanced nutrition, healthy habits, and regular eye check-ups. Vitamins like A, C, E, D and B-complex help different parts of the eye function properly. Eating nutrient-rich foods might be the most cost-effective way to protect your eyes. Supplements may help in certain cases, but they should be taken only with a doctor’s advice. Starting healthy eating from an early age might help maintain good vision throughout life.
The best way by which you may improve your eye health is by following a balanced diet comprised of all essential vitamins and other important nutrients. These might keep your eyes healthy and reduce the occurrence of eye diseases or discomforts2.
Blurred vision may be a result of vitamin A or B deficiency3,8. Consuming foods rich in these vitamins might reduce blurred vision. Blurred vision may be a result of vitamin A or B deficiency3,8. Consuming foods rich in these vitamins might reduce blurred vision.
Poor eyesight may be managed by a healthy lifestyle, like following a balanced diet, quitting smoking, managing screen time, staying hydrated and managing the underlying health conditions.
For maintaining a healthy vision, you may choose juices made from citrus fruits or carrots, which might boost your eye health and provide healthy eyesight3,12.
Drinking water can affect axial length and pressure inside the eyeball22. It might be helpful in maintaining and protecting eye health by improving the tear film which reduces dry eye occurrence. This in turn might improve the eyesight. However, it might not change the innate eyesight.
Weak eyesight due to poor nutrition or lifestyle habits may be recovered. However, if it is due to conditions like myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism, it cannot be reversed naturally.
1. Computer Vision Syndrome. doi:https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-and-vision-conditions/computer-vision-syndrome
2. Johnson, Rasmussen H. Nutrients for the aging eye. CIA. Published online June 2013:741. doi:10.2147/CIA.S45399. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23818772/
3. Alba-Campomanes AG de, Turbert D. What is Vitamin A Deficiency? 2024. doi:https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/vitamin-deficiency
4. Cho YW, Yoo WS, Kim SJ, Chung IY, Seo SW, Yoo JM. Efficacy of Systemic Vitamin C Supplementation in Reducing Corneal Opacity Resulting from Infectious Keratitis. Medicine. 2014;93(23):e125. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000000125. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25415664/
5. Roda M, Di Geronimo N, Pellegrini M, Schiavi C. Nutritional Optic Neuropathies: State of the Art and Emerging Evidences. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2653. doi:10.3390/nu12092653. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32878163/
6. Traber MG, Stevens JF. Vitamins C and E: Beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2011;51(5):1000-1013. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.017. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21664268/
7. Serhan HA, Alma’aitah HW, Irshaidat S, Ameer MA, Asghar MS, Tahir MJ. Ophthalmic manifestations of nutritional deficiencies: A mini review. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2022;11(10):5899-5901. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_790_22. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36618247/
8. Pereira A, Adekunle RD, Zaman M, Wan MJ. Association Between Vitamin Deficiencies and Ophthalmological Conditions. OPTH. 2023;Volume 17:2045-2062. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S401262. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37489231/
9. Health Benefits of Fish. doi: https://doh.wa.gov/community-and-environment/food/fish/health-benefits
10. Carrots. Doi: https://www.hss.gov.nt.ca/en/services/nutritional-food-fact-sheet-series/carrots
11. Dark Green Vegetables. 2023. Doi: https://www.ars.usda.gov/plains-area/gfnd/gfhnrc/docs/news-articles/2013/dark-green-leafy-vegetables/
12. Vimont C. 36 Fabulous Foods to Boost Eye Health. 2024. Doi: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/glasses-contacts/fabulous-foods-your-eyes
13. Vitamins and Minerals. 2024. Doi: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/Vitamins-and-minerals
14. Nutrition and Eye Health. Doi :https://cms.illinois.gov/benefits/stateemployee/bewell/foodforthought/august24-nutrition-and-eye-health.html
15. Ahsan M, Nizami DJ. Metformin-induced eyelid myokymia. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 2024;56(5):358-360. doi:10.4103/ijp.ijp_284_24. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39687960/
16. Umfress AC, Brantley MA. Eye Care Disparities and Health-Related Consequences in Elderly Patients with Age-Related Eye Disease. Seminars in Ophthalmology. 2016;31(4):432-438. doi:10.3109/08820538.2016.1154171. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4990069/
17. Adult Vision: 41 to 60 Years of Age. doi: https://www.aoa.org/healthy-eyes/eye-health-for-life/adult-vision-41-to-60-years-of-age
18. Benefits of Healthy Eating for Children. 2024. Doi: https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/php/resources/healthy-eating-benefits-for-children.html
19. Dietary Supplements for Eye Conditions: What the Science Says. 2024. Doi: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/dietary-supplements-for-eye-conditions-science
20. Raiji VR. Vitamins for AMD. American Academy of Ophthalmology 2025. Doi: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/vitamins-amd
21. Niklewicz A, Smith AD, Smith A, et al. The importance of vitamin B12 for individuals choosing plant-based diets. Eur J Nutr. 2023;62(3):1551-1559. doi:10.1007/s00394-022-03025-4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36469110/
22. Akkara JD, Kuriakose A. Commentary: Water, water everywhere; alters eye when you drink. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022;70(4):1230-1231. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_3041_21. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9240575/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
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Eye strain is when your eyes feel tired, uncomfortable, or irritated after looking at something for a long time. Many people experience it even if their vision is normal1. Today, eye strain has become very common because of our increasing use of digital devices like computers, smartphones, and tablets. Long hours spent on screens can cause symptoms such as headaches, blurred vision, dry, itchy, or watery eyes2. Other factors, like poor lighting, not blinking enough, or sitting in the wrong posture, can make it worse1. In this blog, we will see what is eye strain and what are the simple steps we can take to reduce it and protect our eyes in today’s digital world.
Eye strain is the fatigue or irritation felt in eyes because of how the eyes work and how they react to light. It usually happens when the eyes work hard for a long time, such as reading, writing, or looking at screens1,3.
It can also develop after extended periods of tasks that require continuous visual attention, such as driving or detailed reading, as well as prolonged use of electronic devices like computers, tablets, and smartphones.
Eye strain usually goes away after resting the eyes. However, it may cause tiredness and reduced alertness, which can affect work performance and daily activities, especially for individuals who cannot avoid visually demanding tasks. Although it does not cause permanent damage, it can reduce concentration and make a person feel fatigued, and may cause discomforting symptoms(discussed below)3.
Eye strain can present in different ways. Changes in vision or other signs may show that the eyes are tired or overworked. Common eye strain symptoms include:
These signs help people understand that they may have eye strain.
Eye strain can be caused by many different factors related to how we use our eyes, the lighting around us, our posture, and the health of our eyes. They include:
Other eye strain causes include dry eyes, uneven tear layers, or changes on the eye surface causing blurring and discomfort. Age, genetics, and individual differences also affect eye strain severity1.
Digital eye strain is a condition where prolonged use of digital screens causes eye and body discomfort. It can occur with computers, tablets, smartphones, and e-readers. According to the American Optometric Association, DES includes a group of vision problems and eye discomfort caused by extended screen use. Reports from The Vision Council show that nearly 70% of adults experience at least one symptom, highlighting how common this condition has become2.
Eye strain caused by screen use happens mainly because of how the eyes move and focus and problems related to dry eyes. Here are its common causes:
Digital eye strain affects both the eyes and other parts of the body. The symptoms may appear after long periods of screen use. The eye-related symptoms include:
Sometimes, excessive screen use can cause a condition called asthenopia, which just means eye fatigue. It includes eye strain symptoms like headaches, tired eyes, blurred vision, and dry eyes. Other body symptoms can include:
Digital eye strain is more likely to affect certain people because of their age, eye condition, screen habits, and environment. The main risk factors are:
Now that you understand what digital eye strain is, its causes, symptoms, and risk factors, you can take steps to protect your eyes and reduce discomfort during screen use.
Digital eye strain can be reduced by following proper eye care habits, correct screen use, and a healthy environment. They include
Following these habits can help reduce eye strain and keep the eyes comfortable. In the next section, we will see simple eye exercises for eye strain5.
Eye exercises help relax the eye muscles and improve comfort during long periods of screen use. These exercises are simple and can be done at home or school.
Sit comfortably and stretch one arm forward holding a card with an “X.” Move your arm slowly left and right while keeping your eyes on the “X.” Rest and repeat. Benefits: Improves focus, coordination, and may reduce screen-related eye strain.
Sit or stand relaxed, gently close your eyes, squeeze your eyelids tightly for five seconds, then relax. Repeat a few times. Benefits: Strengthens eye muscles, reduces tiredness, and promotes relaxation.
Keep your head still and look up, holding five seconds, then down, left, and right. Repeat slowly. Benefits: Enhances eye movement and flexibility, eases stiffness, and reduces fatigue.
Sit comfortably, open your eyes wide while raising your eyebrows. Hold for a few seconds, then relax. Repeat several times. Benefits: Activates eye muscles, boosts blood flow, and relieves discomfort6.
Practising these simple eye exercises for eye strain can support eye comfort, and in the next section, we will learn easy daily habits that can help protect the eyes from strain.
Eye strain can be prevented by following healthy habits, using screens correctly, and maintaining a comfortable environment. These include
Following these preventive steps can help protect the eyes and reduce discomfort caused by digital screens.
Eye strain usually temporary and gets better with rest and home care. But if it continues even after self-care, you should see a doctor3. Also, see a doctor if you have any of these:
Seeing a doctor makes sure there is no serious problem and helps keep your eyes healthy.
Also Read: Struggling with Dry Eyes? Causes, Symptoms, Treatments & Prevention
In today’s digital world, eye strain is common but usually goes away with rest. It happens because of long screen use, poor lighting, and dry eyes. Taking regular breaks, blinking often, keeping screens at a good distance, and doing simple eye exercises can help. Spending time outdoors and getting eye check-ups keeps eyes healthy. Persistent or severe symptoms should be checked by a doctor to rule out serious problems.
Also Read: Eye Pain: Causes, Treatment & Home Remedies
Eye strain is usually temporary. The discomfort and tiredness in the eyes often go away after resting or taking a break from screens. However, for people who use computers for long hours, these symptoms can happen frequently and last longer, sometimes affecting work or daily activities9.
Eye strain by itself does not cause floaters. Floaters are tiny spots or strings that move in your vision, caused by changes in the jelly inside your eye10. Using screens like phones, iPads, or LCDs, which can cause eye strain, may speed up these changes and make floaters more noticeable11.
Eye strain usually goes away after the eyes rest, as rest allows them to recover and symptoms gradually disappear3.
Some eye problems can have symptoms very similar to digital eye strain (DES). These include dry eye disease and uncorrected vision problems like needing glasses or having the wrong prescription. DES symptoms, such as eye irritation, tiredness, and blurred vision, can also overlap with these conditions12.
Yes, poor sleep quality can worsen digital eye strain symptoms. Being tired or having trouble sleeping makes the eyes more sensitive and easily strained during long periods of screen use13.
Eye strain alone usually does not cause vertigo and is mostly not related. Vertigo happens when the balance system in your ears and brain, which controls eye movements, is affected. Changes in eye movement, like nystagmus (rapid involuntary eye movement), show how the balance system works. Eye strain may make your eyes feel tired, but it rarely leads to actual dizziness14.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
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Mosquito bites are very common in babies, and in most cases, they are harmless and heal on their own. However, it is natural for many parents to worry about the discomfort it may cause to their little ones, or worse, if it may lead to severe allergies or any infection that mosquito bites can spread1.
In this blog, we will explore different modalities to identify the signs and symptoms of mosquito bites in babies, how to reduce or prevent irritation, and how to treat mosquito bite marks on babies.
Babies have very delicate, sensitive skin and a developing, immature immune system. Hence, babies and young children show an increased risk of allergic reactions to mosquito bites, which show up as redness and swelling2,3. Studies4 have also found baby skin to be thinner and softer than that of adults.
All these factors combined may cause small mosquito bites on babies to appear more noticeable compared to adults.
The typical signs and symptoms noticed in mosquito bites include5,6,7:
It is also important to identify whether the marks are caused by a mosquito bite or a rash. The differences between mosquito bites and rashes include6,7,8:
| Mosquito Bite | Rash | |
| Appearance | Individual raised bumps | Flat or clustered patches |
| Central dot | Usually present | Usually absent |
| Itchiness | Common | Variable |
| Spread | Localised spread | May spread over large areas |
Sometimes, a more severe allergic reaction to a mosquito bite known as Skeeter syndrome may occur which may cause the development of blisters, fever, and large swelling around the mosquito bite. If your child is facing any of these symptoms, it is important to consult your doctor and get prompt medical care1,5.
Mosquito bites are usually harmless, and in babies, they generally cause red, itchy bumps due to an allergic reaction to the mosquito’s saliva. The most commonly noticed symptoms in babies include itchiness and discomfort, which can cause them to scratch the affected area excessively and make them irritable. However, excessive scratching should be avoided as it may cause painful bruising, especially if the baby’s nails are not properly trimmed.
While his local irritation generally settles on its own soon, parents should not be casual about mosquito bites, as some mosquito bites can carry more serious risks9.
Certain mosquitoes can transmit dangerous diseases such as malaria, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, Zika, and West Nile virus. In rare cases, these infections may lead to severe complications, including encephalitis, meningitis (an inflammatory condition affecting the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord), or developmental problems like microcephaly9,10.
Rarely, babies may also develop an allergic reaction to a bite, leading to the development of large swelling, fever and blisters around the bite known as Skeeter syndrome21. Although it can look alarming, it is usually an allergic reaction and tends to improve with supportive care.
In some cases, what starts as a simple bite may become infected if the skin is broken due to scratching. Unlike allergic reactions, a skin infection usually develops after 1–3 days and may show worsening redness, increasing pain, pus or discharge, or fever. This requires medical evaluation and may need treatment.
Since mosquitoes can spread such serious diseases, it is important to protect babies from bites and seek medical advice if your child develops fever, rashes, or other concerning symptoms after a bite1,9.
If your baby has been bitten by a mosquito, you should6,7:
Besides the measures mentioned above, there are some natural remedies that you can try for mosquito bites on babies.
Home remedies commonly used include:
The application of a mixture of baking soda and water can help with mosquito bites. Baking soda or sodium bicarbonate is alkaline, which helps neutralise the pH of the bite area, reducing irritation and itchiness12. You can make a paste by mixing one spoon of baking powder (sodium bicarbonate) with a small amount of water until it forms a smooth paste. Apply this to the affected area (mosquito bite and surrounding skin), leave it for ten minutes and wash7.
Studies13 have shown that avenanthramides, the primary component of oats, act as potent anti-inflammatory agents and may help to reduce itchiness, which supports the application of oatmeal on irritated skin. Moreover, oatmeal forms a gentle protective barrier over the bite, improves hydration, and provides antioxidant effects, which may help restore the skin barrier and promote faster recovery.
When applied to the affected area, aloe vera has a soothing effect, thereby reducing itchiness. Moreover, aloe vera has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and skin-healing effects14. Due to these properties, aloe vera gel may help reduce inflammation due to a mosquito bite and promote healing.
Gently massaging coconut oil onto mosquito bite marks may help soothe irritated skin and reduce redness due to its natural anti-inflammatory and moisturising properties. Studies have shown that coconut oil can support skin barrier repair while calming inflammation15. Moreover, coconut oil can act as a natural mosquito repellent, reducing the incidence of mosquito bites when applied to the skin16.
Breast milk is a simple, no-cost, easily available natural remedy that may be tried for a variety of skin conditions in babies. Breast milk is rich in immunoglobulins and may help reduce inflammation and itchiness when applied to the affected region in babies17.
These simple home remedies for mosquito bites in babies can provide temporary relief, but it is important that parents always monitor the bite area for signs of infection or worsening symptoms.
You can protect and reduce the risk of mosquito bites on babies by following these simple steps18,19:
By following these simple tips, you can reduce the risk of mosquito bites.
Choosing the right mosquito net is one of the safest and most effective ways to protect babies from mosquito bites during sleep. These are some of the important things to look for in a mosquito net:
Choosing the right mosquito repellent for babies depends on their age, skin sensitivity, and the safety profile of the active ingredient. Not all repellents are suitable for infants, especially newborns.
| Age | Safe Repellent Options | Notes |
| Below 2 months (newborns) | No chemical repellents are recommended | Chemical repellents are usually not recommended unless prescribed. Focus on mosquito nets, window screens,protective clothing and avoiding peak mosquito hours. |
| 2 months to 6 months | Consult a doctor before use; generally prefer non-chemical protection | Chemical repellents are usually not recommended unless prescribed. Focus on mosquito nets, window screens, protective clothing and avoiding peak mosquito hours. |
| 6 months to 2 years | Age-appropriate repellents containing ingredients such as DEET (10–30%), Picaridin, IR3535, Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE) for >3 years, according to product labelling | Apply only small amounts on exposed skin and avoid on hands, eyes, mouth, and irritated skin. Do not apply under clothing or on large areas23. |
| 2 years and above | Age-appropriate repellents containing ingredients such as DEET (10–30%), Picaridin, IR3535, Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE) for >3 years, according to product labeling | Stronger formulations may be used with caution. Always follow product instructions and avoid over-application. |
You should consider taking your baby to the doctor if symptoms from a mosquito bite persist or do not improve over time. Moreover, if your child develops additional symptoms such as a rash, fever or chills, headache, muscle or joint pain, or unusual tiredness, it is important to seek immediate medical treatment5.
If your child is facing any of these signs or symptoms, it may suggest a mosquito-borne illness. Consulting your doctor early can help ensure an accurate diagnosis, timely treatment, and reduce the risk of complications.5
Also Read: Baby Diaper Rash: Causes, Types, Treatment & Home Remedies
Mosquito bites in babies are common and usually harmless, often causing temporary redness, swelling, and itching due to their sensitive skin. While most bites heal on their own with simple care, it’s important for parents to recognise typical mosquito bite marks, differentiate them from rashes, and watch for any warning signs of infection or illness. Gentle treatments, appropriate home remedies, and doctor-recommended medications may help relieve discomfort, while preventive measures such as protective clothing, mosquito nets, and baby-safe repellents can significantly reduce the risk of future bites. It is important to seek medical advice promptly if your baby shows signs and symptoms such as fever, rashes, unusual tiredness or other concerning signs.
Most mosquito bite marks are harmless and naturally fade over time as the skin heals. Protect the skin and avoid scratching to reduce the risk of scars6,7.
Mosquito bites typically itch for a few days, and some babies may show stronger visible reactions. However, the bite usually resolves within some days (approximately 3-4 days)6,7.
Babies often have stronger immune reactions to mosquito saliva, so their skin can swell more, appear redder, and itch intensely. This reaction is part of the normal inflammatory response4.
While there are no studies to show the effectiveness of breast milk in reducing mosquito bites, breast milk offers antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. It is important to consult your doctor and understand what treatment may be suitable for your child20.
Bites usually fade as the skin heals. Simple treatments to remove mosquito bites include keeping the area clean, application of cold compress and use of topical antihistamines (as per your doctor’s recommendation)6.
Most mosquito bites are harmless and heal naturally. However, mosquitoes can transmit diseases (dengue, malaria, Zika, etc.), and cause severe allergic reactions or infections which may require prompt medical evaluation9.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
In today’s environment, especially with increased screen time, our eyes are more prone to dryness, redness, strain, and fatigue1. Pollution and airborne particles can further irritate the eyes, leading to itching, watering, or discomfort2. This makes eye hygiene an essential part of daily self-care.
One simple yet effective way to maintain eye hygiene is through proper eye cleaning. Simple, safe cleaning practices combined with healthy daily habits can go a long way in protecting your vision and keeping your eyes feeling fresh and healthy. In this article, we will discuss safe methods to clean your eyes and practical tips to maintain overall eye health.
Did you know that our eyes are self-cleaning organs? This means they are naturally capable of cleaning themselves through the production of tears and the act of blinking3. A continuous layer of tears (produced by glands in and around the eyelids) spreads across the surface of the eye every time we blink. This tear film keeps the eyes moist, helps wash away dust and debris, and protects against infection3,4.
However, there might be times when the eyes may need a little extra help. Prolonged screen time, excessive eye strain, and exposure to dust or foreign particles can overwhelm this natural cleaning system, leading to irritation, dryness, or discomfort. In such situations, safe eye-cleaning practices could be beneficial. Gentle and proper eye cleaning helps remove irritants, reduces the risk of infections, and keeps the eyes feeling comfortable and clear5,6. Therefore, maintaining good eye hygiene is not just about immediate relief, it also supports long-term eye health.
Did You Know
Below is a simple, safe, and effective way to clean your eyes at home:
Note: Avoid rinsing or flushing your eyes with water too frequently throughout the day, as this can wash away natural tears. These tears are rich in electrolytes and essential nutrients that help nourish and protect the cornea, the front surface of the eye4. As a routine practice, washing the eyes once or twice a day is usually sufficient, unless there is irritation or a specific need for additional cleaning.
Here are safe, practical ways to clean your eyes for everyday situations you may encounter, like dust exposure, screen fatigue, contact lens care, and cleaning children’s eyes.
Dust, smoke, or tiny particles can irritate the eye surface and make your eyes feel uncomfortable.
Staring at screens for long periods reduces blinking and dries out the eyes, causing discomfort.
Contact lenses require careful cleaning and handling to protect your eyes from irritation and infection.
Children’s eyes are delicate and easily irritated by dust, discharge, or debris.
Redness or mild irritation may occur due to allergies or chemical irritants (such as those found in makeup products).
Redness accompanied by discharge, stickiness, or discomfort may indicate a mild eye infection such as conjunctivitis (pink eye).
When cleaning eyes, certain habits can actually make irritation or infection worse rather than better. Here are key things you should avoid while cleaning your eyes:
Taking care of your eyes goes hand in hand with looking after your overall health. The following eye care tips can help protect your vision and keep your eyes healthy in the long run:
Include plenty of dark, leafy green vegetables like spinach, kale, and collard greens in your diet, as they support eye health. Food items rich in omega-3 fatty acids16, such as salmon, tuna, walnuts, and flaxseed, also help maintain healthy eyes. In addition, vitamin A-rich foods like carrots and sweet potatoes play an important role in supporting good vision14,17.
Wearing sunglasses when outdoors helps shield your eyes from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays, even on cloudy days. Choose sunglasses that block at least 99 to 100% of UVA and UVB radiation to reduce the risk of long-term eye damage15.
Prolonged screen use can cause eye strain and fatigue. Rest your eyes by following the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something about 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds14.
If you wear contact lenses, always wash your hands before handling them. Clean, disinfect, and replace lenses exactly as recommended to reduce the risk of eye infections5.
Also Read: Contact Lenses: Types, Uses, Safety, and Side Effects
Safety glasses or goggles should be worn during sports, home repairs, yard work, or activities where eye injury is possible. Protective eyewear helps prevent accidental eye trauma14,18.
Keeping laptops or mobile devices too close can strain the eye muscles and lead to fatigue. So, ensure your screen is at a comfortable distance (about 25 inches or an arm’s length away) to reduce eye strain9.
Eating a balanced diet and staying physically active supports not just your body but your eyes, too. A healthy lifestyle lowers the risk of conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, which can negatively affect vision over time18.
Smoking can harm eye health and increase the risk of conditions such as cataracts, macular degeneration, and optic nerve damage. Quitting smoking (or never starting) can significantly benefit your eyes14,18.
Routine comprehensive eye examinations help detect vision problems and eye diseases early, even before symptoms appear. Knowing your family’s eye health history can also help assess your risk for hereditary eye conditions14,18.
Most eye irritation is minor, but some symptoms need prompt medical care. Stay calm and seek help if you notice any of the following6:
Also Read: Importance of Eyes & Why We Should Take Care Of It
Your eyes are delicate, hardworking organs that deserve regular care and attention. While they are naturally equipped to clean and protect themselves, everyday factors like dust, pollution, screen time, and strain may sometimes slow down this system. Therefore, practising safe eye-cleaning habits, protecting your eyes from injury and irritation, and adopting healthy daily routines can go a long way in maintaining clear, comfortable vision.
It is also important to know when not to self-manage and when to seek medical help. Additionally, paying attention to warning signs and acting early can help prevent complications and protect long-term eye health.
Also Read: How to Take Care of Your Eyes?
A good eye care routine includes keeping your hands clean, avoiding frequent eye rubbing, taking regular breaks from screens, wearing sunglasses outdoors, eating a balanced diet, and getting routine eye check-ups6,14,18. These simple habits help protect your eyes from strain, irritation, and long-term damage.
Water is the best drink for eye health, as it helps keep the eyes hydrated19. Drinks rich in antioxidants, such as fresh fruit or vegetable juices, can also support overall eye health when consumed in moderation17.
Sufficient oxygen supply is needed to keep the eye cells healthy, and good blood circulation can help with this. Regular physical activity, frequent blinking, screen breaks, and spending time outdoors all help improve oxygen flow to the eyes and reduce strain9,20.
Foods high in sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats should be limited21. This is because they can contribute to conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and inflammation, which may affect eye health over time14.
Vitamins such as A, C, and E are important for maintaining healthy vision, while nutrients like lutein, zeaxanthin, and omega-3 fatty acids help protect the eyes from damage and support overall eye function17. However, these nutrients should ideally come from a balanced diet, and supplements should not be taken without consulting a doctor, as unnecessary or excessive supplementation may cause harm.
Fruits rich in vitamins and antioxidants, such as oranges, tangerines, grapefruit, lemons, cantaloupe and apricots, are especially beneficial for eye health17. They help protect the eyes and support long-term vision health.
1. Kaur K, Gurnani B, Nayak S, et al. Digital Eye Strain- A Comprehensive Review. Ophthalmol Ther. 2022;11(5):1655-1680. doi:10.1007/s40123-022-00540-9. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9434525/
2. Mandell JT, Idarraga M, Kumar N, Galor A. Impact of Air Pollution and Weather on Dry Eye. J Clin Med. 2020;9(11):3740. doi:10.3390/jcm9113740. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33233863/
3. How Tears Work | National Eye Institute. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.nei.nih.gov/eye-health-information/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work/how-tears-work?
4. Facts About Tears – American Academy of Ophthalmology. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/facts-about-tears
5. How to Prevent Pink Eye | Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) | CDC. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/prevention/index.html
6. Eye emergencies: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000054.htm
7. Fastest human muscle | Guinness World Records. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/420629-fastest-human-muscle
8. All About Emotional Tears – American Academy of Ophthalmology. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/all-about-emotional-tears
9. Digital Devices and Your Eyes – American Academy of Ophthalmology. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/digital-devices-your-eyes
10. Sheppard AL, Wolffsohn JS. Digital eye strain: prevalence, measurement and amelioration. BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2018;3(1):e000146. doi:10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000146. Available from: https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/3/1/e000146
11. Eye Infections | Conjunctivitis | Stye | MedlinePlus. Accessed February 5, 2026. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/eyeinfections.html
12. Conjunctivitis – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. Accessed February 5, 2026. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541034/
13. Eye burning – itching and discharge: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Accessed February 5, 2026. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003034.htm
14.Keep Your Eyes Healthy | National Eye Institute. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.nei.nih.gov/eye-health-information/healthy-vision/how-eyes-work/keep-your-eyes-healthy
15. Taking Care of Your Eyes | Vision and Eye Health | CDC. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health/prevention/taking-care-of-your-eyes.html
16.Omega-3 fats – Good for your heart: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Accessed February 5, 2026. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000767.htm
17. 36 Fabulous Foods to Boost Eye Health. American Academy of Ophthalmology. November 21, 2024. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/fabulous-foods-your-eyes
18. Eye Care | Vision Care | MedlinePlus. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/eyecare.html
19. Akkara JD, Kuriakose A. Commentary: Water, water everywhere; alters eye when you drink. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2022;70(4):1230-1231. doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_3041_21. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9240575/
20. Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Deng C, Wang J. Effects and potential mechanisms of exercise and physical activity on eye health and ocular diseases. Front Med. 2024;11:1353624. doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1353624. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38585147/
21.WHO EMRO – Limit fat, salt and sugar intake. Accessed February 3, 2026. Available from: https://www.emro.who.int/nutrition/reduce-fat-salt-and-sugar-intake/reduce-fat-salt-and-sugar-intake.html
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Intermittent fasting has gained widespread attention in recent years, with various approaches being discussed across health platforms. Among these, OMAD, which stands for “One Meal a Day”, has emerged as a popular pattern of eating. It is often described as a time-efficient approach that limits eating to one single meal a day and appeals to individuals seeking a structured routine or simplified meal planning.
But what exactly does this “OMAD diet” lifestyle involve, and is it as simple as it sounds? Let’s dive into the mechanics of the OMAD diet, how it differs from standard fasting, and why it has become such a hot topic in the health and wellness community.
The OMAD diet is a structured form of intermittent fasting in which food intake is limited to one main meal a day. Unlike other fasting approaches that involve skipping certain meals or eating within a certain time window, OMAD concentrates daily calorie and nutrient intake into one single meal.
The fundamental concept of the OMAD diet is that, by limiting your food intake to a single hour, you instinctively lower your calorie consumption while providing your digestive tract with a nearly 23-hour period of rest.
The one meal a day diet follows a 23:1 ratio, which breaks down as below:
After approximately 10 to 16 hours without food, the body exhausts its immediate sugar (glucose) stores and begins to break down fat for energy. As fat stores are utilised, the liver releases fatty acids called ketones into the bloodstream that serve as an alternative fuel source for the body2.
An OMAD diet plan may lead to an overall decrease in food intake, thus helping contribute to weight and fat loss.
While it is a rigorous regimen, some researchers highlight several physiological and lifestyle OMAD diet benefits, such as:
It may help reduce several risk factors for heart disease, including:
OMAD is popular for weight loss3 because it’s much harder to overeat in just one hour than it is when you’re snacking and eating meals throughout the entire day.
When you fast, your body’s chemical changes help your brain cells work better and become tougher, making them more resistant to stress, injury, and illness3.
Fasting is seen to help reduce pro-inflammatory markers (biological parameters that indicate inflammation) like C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine, and interleukin-63.
Animal research suggests that longer fasting windows help lower overall bacteria levels, which is associated with better digestive health and a longer life4.
While the discipline required for OMAD diet is high, the combined benefits of mental clarity, digestive health, and effortless weight management make OMAD a compelling strategy for optimising health.
Some individuals may experience side effects due to the long fasting window in the OMAD diet. OMAD side effects include:
In one study6 on normal weight individuals, fasting was associated with increased hunger and reduced fullness, higher blood pressure, changes in cholesterol levels, and decreases in red blood cell count, haemoglobin, and haematocrit in some participants.
Consult a physician to determine if an OMAD regimen is appropriate for you and to mitigate potential health risks.
When following a One Meal a Day diet, the goal is to pack an entire day’s worth of nutrients into a single sitting. Because you only have one opportunity to eat, the best foods to include in your meal are nutrient-dense, high-fibre foods that are rich in healthy fats and protein to keep you full and sustain your energy for the next 23 hours. Here are some foods you can include in the OMAD meal:
Ultimately, the key to a successful OMAD journey is prioritising quality over quantity. By choosing nutrient-dense whole foods, you ensure that your one meal provides the sustained energy and nourishment your body needs to thrive during the fasting hours.
Note: After ending the OMAD plan, a gradual return to normal diet can help you avoid symptoms like nausea, vomiting, heaviness in the abdomen, and bloating. During this transition period, you should consume nutrient-dense foods that are high in vegetables and proteins and low in carbohydrates1.
When following the One Meal a Day protocol, your single meal must be a “powerhouse” of nutrition. Because you aren’t eating for the other 23 hours, this meal needs to cover your daily requirements for protein, healthy fats, fibre, and micronutrients. Make sure you drink at least 2 litres of water per day. You may also drink herbal/calorie-free infusions (e.g., chamomile or mint tea), unsweetened tea or black coffee, and sugar-free electrolytes or supplements.
To maintain their current weight, an average woman typically requires 2,000 calories daily, while an average man needs 2,500. For those looking to lose approximately one pound per week, these targets should be reduced to 1,500 calories for women and 2,000 calories for men1,9.
Diet Plan for Non-Vegetarians
| Menu | Dessert | Drink |
| Grilled chicken breast (200g), roasted sweet potato (1 medium), mixed vegetables (broccoli, carrots, bell peppers), side salad with olive oil and lemon dressing | Some mango slices | Water or herbal tea |
Diet Plan for Vegetarians
| Menu | Dessert | Drink |
| Quinoa (1 cup cooked), stir-fried tofu (150g), spinach, mushrooms, bell peppers, soy sauce and olive oil | Fresh figs with honey and almonds | Water or lemon tea |
Diet Plan for Vegans
| Menu | Dessert | Drink |
| 200 g tofu, Stir-fried vegetables of your choice (beans, mushroom etc.) in olive oil 0.5 cups white/brown rice | Dark chocolate and mixed nuts | Water or lemon tea |
This is a sample OMAD diet plan that you can customise to your preference. Feel free to add or remove items, but for the best results, ensure your total calorie intake remains within your target range.
Note: While you can schedule your daily meal at your convenience, some research suggests that an evening mealtime may yield the best outcomes.10 Regardless of when you eat, prioritise a balanced, nutrient-dense diet. Be sure to track your intake by checking food labels or using a reliable online calorie calculator.
While fasting can offer health benefits, it isn’t safe for everyone. It is essential to consult your doctor before starting, particularly if you:
Fasting significantly alters your body’s metabolic state. For those on medication, particularly for diabetes, fasting can lead to dangerous drops in blood sugar (hypoglycaemia).
It is normal to feel a little different when you change what you eat, but your body shouldn’t feel like it’s failing. Some symptoms, such as the following, are “warning signs” telling you that your diet is too stressful or missing the fuel you need to stay healthy.
If you notice any of these symptoms, please schedule an appointment with your doctor. They can help you adjust your plan to make sure you are reaching your goals safely and getting the nutrition your body needs to thrive.
Also Read: The Unknown Dangers of Extreme Diets!
The OMAD diet can be considered an effective tool for weight loss and metabolic discipline, particularly for healthy adults who prefer a simplified eating schedule and can manage long periods of hunger. It may work best for individuals looking to break through weight loss stalls or improve insulin sensitivity under medical supervision. However, because of its extreme nature, it is not a fit for all solution; its success depends entirely on the quality of nutrients consumed during that single hour and the individual’s ability to sustain the regimen without experiencing severe side effects.
Also Read: Calorie Deficit Diet: What Is It, How to Follow, Strategies and More!
Here are the 4 rules to be followed when on a OMAD diet
Consume a single daily meal.
Consume at least 2 litres of water a day.
Prioritise nutrient-rich foods.
Refrain from unscheduled snacking1.
OMAD diet is flexible and depends upon your specific lifestyle demands but evidence indicates that timing your single meal in the evening may optimise metabolic outcomes10.
Rather than jumping straight into a strict 23:1 schedule, beginners should ease into the process. Start with more flexible methods like 16:8 or the 5:2 approach to give your body time to adapt. This will help your body get used to the diet pattern14.
Doctors generally don’t recommend the OMAD diet because it’s very hard to get all your daily nutrients in just one sitting. If you aren’t strictly focused on nutrition, this eating pattern can cause health issues rather than solving them.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
We have all been there, you wake up one day and notice that your eyes are stinging. It feels like a grain of sand is stuck in your eyes, and no matter how much you blink, that burning feeling just won’t go away.
It’s an annoying, prickly burning sensation in eyes that can ruin your focus and make your eyes look red and tired. Usually, it is just our eyes telling us they need a break or some extra moisture, but sometimes there are other reasons too.
In this article, we will explore exactly why that stinging sensation happens by breaking down the most common burning eyes causes. You will also find some simple, quick fixes to soothe your eyes, along with clear warning signs to help you decide when it is time to stop reaching for eye drops and call a doctor instead.
Burning eyes can be defined as a form of ocular discomfort characterised by a stinging or sharp sensation in or around the eye. It often mimics the feeling of having a foreign object or irritant trapped on the eye’s surface, frequently accompanied by aching or throbbing1,2.
Essentially, it is your body’s way of saying the surface of your eye is irritated or inflamed.
Most of us have experienced that sharp, stinging sensation that makes us want to keep our eyes tightly shut. But have you ever wondered why do eyes burn? Here are some common causes for burning eyes:
Ultimately, burning eyes may be a clear signal that your eyes need a break or a bit of extra care. By identifying your specific triggers, whether it’s reducing screen time or avoiding known allergens, you can move away from daily discomfort and back toward clear, pain-free vision.
A burning sensation in your eyes can stem from a variety of underlying issues. While specific symptoms often depend on the root cause, some common burning eyes symptoms are as follows:
If you suspect an infection (pink eye) is the root cause of the burning pain, watch out for the following symptoms:
While many instances of eye burning are temporary reactions to environmental triggers or excessive screen time, persistent symptoms should never be ignored. If you experience sudden vision loss, severe pain, or symptoms that do not improve, it is essential to consult an eye care professional. Early diagnosis is the most effective way to protect your vision and find lasting relief from discomfort.
It is incredibly distracting when your eyes burn. Whether it is from looking at a screen for too long, seasonal allergies, or just dry air, getting some relief is usually a priority.
Here are some burning eyes remedies that you can follow at home:
Gently apply a clean, cool compress to the affected area. Cold compresses help to constrict blood vessels and numb the area slightly, which may provide relief from inflammation or allergies6.
To help clear away any build-up, gently press a warm, damp cloth against the affected area for several minutes. This process will effectively soften and loosen the crusts, making them much easier to wipe away without irritating your eyes1.
Applying cucumber slices has long been used as a supportive measure for soothing red, tired, or puffy eyes due to the anti-inflammatory properties of cucumber7. It also provides a refreshing, cooling sensation that helps soothe strain and irritation in eyes.
For burning or dry eyes, 4 to 6 applications of artificial tears daily may be an effective standard treatment1.
Flushing your eyes with normal saline or clean water can effectively soothe irritation and reduce burning caused by chemical exposure or allergens. This immediate irrigation helps neutralise the area by physically removing harmful substances from the eye’s surface8.
Proper hydration is vital for eye health. Since your body can’t produce adequate tears when dehydrated, drinking enough water ensures your system can maintain a stable, lubricating tear film to prevent dryness and burning9.
Prolonged screen time can reduce the number of times we blink our eyes. Blinking keeps the eyes evenly lubricated, thus helping avoid dryness and burning sensation. For this exercise, close your eyes, squeeze them shut firmly, and open them. Do 15 squeeze blinks three times a day10.
Note: While these burning eyes home remedies may provide comfort to a certain extent, remember that your vision is precious; if burning persists or is accompanied by pain, it’s always best to consult an eye care professional.
Treatment plans for burning eyes vary based on the underlying cause of your symptoms. Here is some eye burn treatment based on the diagnosis1,11,12:
Chronic conditions, such as dry eyes, may require ongoing management1. Treatment may be accompanied by supportive management like cold or hot compresses based on the condition. In most cases, you may see a gradual improvement and return to normal within 1 to 2 weeks. It is essential to follow your provider’s instructions.
Also Read: Could Yellow Eyes Be Serious? Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Guide
It is always a good idea to keep a close watch on eye symptoms, as they can escalate quickly. Here are the specific red flags that indicate it is time to call your doctor:
If you are unsure, don’t wait for things to clear up on their own; reach out to an eye care specialist to ensure your symptoms are not masking a serious issue.
Also Read: Swollen Eyes: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Home Remedies, and Prevention
Burning eyes are usually your body’s way of saying you need a break or something is irritating you. Consistent use of these techniques may significantly decrease the frequency and intensity of eye discomfort to some extent.
Incorporating these tips into your lifestyle may help avoid eye discomfort and help keep your eyes refreshed, comfortable, and free from irritation.
Also Read: What Is Eye Strain and How Can You Reduce It in the Digital Age
The stinging, burning sensation in your eyes is a vital signal from your body that something like digital strain, environmental irritants, or an underlying health issue needs your attention. By practicing simple habits like the 20-20-20 rule, staying hydrated, and using soothing home remedies, you can manage minor discomforts and keep your vision clear. However, always remember that your eyes are delicate. If symptoms persist, or if you experience pain or vision changes, seeking professional medical advice is the most important step toward ensuring long-term ocular health and comfort.
Also Read: Eye Pain: Causes, Treatment & Home Remedies
Dry eye is one of the common burning eyes reasons that can cause a stinging or burning sensation. When your eyes lack proper lubrication, they become irritated and prone to inflammation.
Here are the key nutritional deficiencies that can lead to dryness of the eyes:
Omega-3 fatty acids: A lack of these healthy fats can increase inflammation and reduce the quality of the oil in your tears, leading to a burning sensation14.
Vitamin A: Maintaining adequate vitamin A levels is essential for tear production and overall corneal health14.
Vitamin B12: Deficiency of vitamin B12 may cause dryness in eyes15.
Vitamin D: Vitamin D deficiency may lead to dry eye syndrome15.
Burning eyes can be caused by many factors, like environmental irritants, allergic reactions, viral or bacterial infections, lifestyle strain from screens or contact lenses, and physical conditions like dry eye or systemic illness. If you are not sure about your cause, it is essential to consult a doctor1,3.
A burning sensation in the eyes is usually temporary, typically lasting from a few hours to several days, and often resolves independently or through simple home remedies when triggered by minor irritants. If you are on treatment, it may gradually reduce in 1-2 weeks1.
Yes. Poor sleep and conditions such as sleep apnoea can affect tear distribution and may lead to dry, irritated, or burning eyes, especially on waking.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Eye pain is a common symptom that can be confusing and concerning. It may show up as a burning, aching, stabbing, or throbbing feeling in or around the eye1. Sometimes it’s just mild discomfort, like the tired and sore feeling you get after long screen time, but at other times, the pain can be more intense and linked to inflammation or more serious eye problems1,2. Therefore, eye pain should never be brushed aside.
Sometimes, eye pain may settle on its own. But quite often, timely intervention is needed to protect the eyes and avoid lasting damage to vision. That’s why identifying the cause early really matters. In this blog, we will help you understand the common causes of eye pain, what the symptoms may mean, when you should seek medical care, and the management and home care options that can help keep your eyes safe and healthy.
Eye pain is an uncomfortable or painful sensation felt in the eye itself or around it. It can feel very different from person to person. Some may describe it as burning, stinging, stabbing, throbbing, gritty, or aching, while others feel pressure or sharp pain1. It usually occurs when the nerves supplying the eye become irritated, inflamed, injured, or overstimulated due to various causes, which we will discuss in the subsequent sections3.
While the terms are often used interchangeably, eye strain and eye pain are not the same.
Eye strain (or “sleepy/tired eyes”) usually happens from overusing the eyes, such as long screen time, reading, driving, or working in poor lighting. It commonly causes tired or heavy eyes, mild aching, dryness or a gritty feeling, and may be accompanied by headaches or neck and shoulder discomfort. It is important to understand that eye strain is temporary and typically improves with rest, blinking, better lighting, good posture, and regular screen breaks4.
Eye pain, however, is more likely caused by an underlying eye problem. It tends to be more intense or persistent and may be accompanied by redness, watering, discharge, swelling, blurred vision, light sensitivity, headache, or nausea. Unlike eye strain, eye pain does not always improve with rest, often requiring medical evaluation and guidance1.
Eye pain can occur in many parts of and around the eye. Since different eye structures have distinct nerve supply and functions, identifying the location of the pain helps doctors narrow down the possible causes and decide how urgent is the need for treatment. Common areas where eye pain can occur include5:
Note: The location of the pain helps doctors diagnose the cause and choose the most appropriate treatment. Thus, paying attention to where pain is felt (along with other symptoms) can be crucial in protecting vision and eye health.
The eyes are richly supplied by nerves that respond to physical, chemical, thermal, and inflammatory stimuli. Here are some common eye pain reasons:
Mild eye pain is often related to strain, dryness, or irritation and can usually be managed at home. Please note that these remedies are meant for temporary relief and are only helpful when there is no injury, infection, or sudden vision change.
One of the most common causes of eye pain today is digital eye strain. In such cases, giving your eyes a regular break (especially from screens) can significantly help reduce discomfort4.
Both of these help in different ways:
Note: When using compresses for eye discomfort, cold compresses are generally safer and better tolerated. They may help reduce pain, redness, and swelling. Warm compresses should be used with caution, as heat may worsen certain conditions, especially active infections or inflammation inside the eye. If you are unsure about the cause of eye pain, it is best to avoid warm compresses and seek medical advice before using them.
Dry eyes are a very common cause of burning, aching, or gritty sensations. In such cases, over-the-counter lubricating eye drops (use preservative-free if possible) may help restore moisture and reduce irritation9.
If eye pain is caused by dust, smoke, or mild irritants, gently rinse the eyes with clean, running water or sterile saline. This may help flush out the irritant and relieve discomfort. However, avoid rubbing the eyes, as it can aggravate the irritation10.
If you have an eye injury, avoid wearing contact lenses until the eye has fully healed. You may switch to glasses during this time to prevent further irritation or infection. Wearing dark sunglasses for the next couple of days can also help reduce light sensitivity and discomfort while the eye recovers10.
Note: The home remedies mentioned in this section are meant only for temporary relief of mild eye discomfort such as strain, dryness, or irritation. They are not a substitute for medical evaluation or treatment. If eye pain is severe, sudden, persistent, associated with vision changes, redness, discharge, injury, or sensitivity to light, seek medical care immediately. Also, always consult a qualified doctor before trying any remedy if you have an existing eye condition.
The treatment of eye pain depends entirely on the underlying cause. After proper examination, a doctor may recommend one or more of the following5:
Important: Eye pain should never be self-treated with any kind of prescription eye drops. Using the wrong medication can worsen the condition and lead to serious complications. Always seek professional evaluation for persistent, severe, or vision-affecting eye pain.
Also Read: Swollen Eyes: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Home Remedies, and Prevention
You can reduce the risk of eye pain and keep your eyes comfortable by following these simple, everyday tips:
Also Read: Eye Floaters: What They Are, Causes, Types, Treatment, and Prevention
Most times, eye pain is not dangerous, but some symptoms do need urgent medical attention. The key is knowing when to act without panicking. Seek urgent medical care if you notice eye pain that1,10:
Also Read: How to Clean Your Eyes Safely and Maintain Healthy Eyes
Eye pain can range from mild and short-lived discomfort to indicating a more serious eye problem. While issues like eye strain or dryness often improve with simple self-care and rest, pain that is persistent, severe, or associated with other symptoms should never be ignored. Therefore, understanding where the pain occurs, what it feels like, and what may be causing it can help you recognise when home care is enough and when medical attention is needed.
The good news is that most causes of eye pain are treatable, especially when addressed early. You can prevent complications and safeguard your vision by protecting your eyes, practising healthy visual habits, and seeking timely medical advice when warning signs appear.
Remember, when it comes to eye pain, listening to your body and acting early is the best care you can give your eyes.
Also Read: How to Take Care of Your Eyes?
Mild eye discomfort from eye strain or dryness may improve on its own, but eye pain should not be ignored, especially if it is severe, persistent, or is accompanied by vision changes, redness, swelling, or discharge1. When in doubt, it’s best to get it checked.
Dehydration may be linked to dry eye disease11. This dryness could cause a burning, aching, or gritty sensation that may feel like eye pain.
Sinus congestion or infection can cause pressure and pain around or behind the eyes. Along with the eyes, it can also cause a sensation of pain and pressure around the forehead, cheeks, or nose12.
Eye pain caused by eye strain, mild dryness, or temporary irritation may resolve with rest and proper care1. However, pain that persists, worsens, or is linked to other symptoms needs medical attention.
Stress itself doesn’t directly damage the eyes, but it may lead to muscle tension and headaches13, both of which can contribute to eye strain and discomfort.
Migraines often cause pain around or behind one eye and may be accompanied by light sensitivity, blurred vision, nausea, or headache.14 The good news is that eye pain linked to migraines usually improves once the migraine is treated.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Central obesity or belly fat, is the excess fat stored around your belly or abdomen. According to a meta-analysis of over 280 population-based studies worldwide, about 41.5% of people aged 15 years and older have central obesity1. The main reasons for this are changes in lifestyle such as a high calorie diet and reduced physical activity. Visceral fat, which is a type of belly fat, is more harmful as it is responsible for causing several diseases like diabetes and heart disease3. Due to the associated health risks and impact on appearance and confidence, belly fat has become a major concern for many individuals2.
A lot of people want to know how to lose belly fat. Here is the good news! In this article, we will discuss in detail about belly fat, its types and causes, exercises to lose belly fat, some tips for healthy weight loss and common mistakes you should avoid while trying to reduce your fat. So, let’s get started.
Belly fat has adipose tissue, which is basically fat cells. They store energy, cushion the body, and help regulate temperature. Based on the location, belly fats can be classified into two as, visceral belly fat and sub-cutaneous belly fat. These fats differ in structure, developmental patterns, and function4.
There are many factors which contribute to belly fat, which ultimately leads to obesity. Let us discuss them in detail.
Changes in the standard of living and globalisation contribute to unhealthy lifestyle that can lead to weight gain. Now-a-days people have longer siting hours, be it for work (in front of computers) or for recreation (like watching TV, playing video games). This combined with a lack of physical exercise increases the risk of developing belly fat. Regular exercise is important for reducing belly fat, especially the visceral fat which has a greater chance of causing serious diseases5.
Poor dietary habits are an important risk factor for belly fat gain. Eating more calories than required by the body causes excess calories to be stored as fat, leading to obesity6. Belly fat can increase due to the consumption of energy-dense, processed foods1. Greater consumption of foods that have saturated fat is another cause of belly fat. Limiting the consumption of food with added sugar is also important5.
Studies show a link between poor quality of sleep and an increase in body weight. Sleeping for less than 7 hours a night regularly might affect the hormones which control hunger5. This can make you overeat because your body does not recognise that you are full. This ultimately leads to belly fat gain.
Stress, whether long-term or short-term can influence your brain and trigger hormones like cortisol. These are the hormones that regulate energy and appetite5. Changes in these hormones can make you eat more, which can lead to weight gain5.
Genetics is also a cause of belly fat in many. Researchers have found about fifteen genes which can cause obesity7. People with certain genes are more likely to regain belly fat after weight loss, while the genes linked to overall body weight do not predict weight regain8. This says that genetics affects belly fat more than overall obesity8. Hence, in people with a history of belly fat, maintaining a healthy lifestyle might lower the risk of belly fat regain.
Some medicines can cause belly fat by affecting the signals which control your hunger. These include medicines like antidepressants, birth control pills, medicines used for autoimmune diseases, insulin etc5
Some health issues like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Cushing’s syndrome, hypothyroidism, depression etc can cause weight gain or belly fat gain6. Eating-disorders like binge-eating and bulimia are the other causes wherein people consume a large amount of food and lose their control. Treatments are necessary for all these conditions6.
While it is difficult to reduce fat from a particular region of the body and most exercises focus on overall weight reduction, some cardio, high intensity and core strength exercises as well as certain yoga asanas can help tone the abdominal muscles. It’s ideal to do a combination of these for best results. Following are some great exercises you can do:
When exercising, ensure to start with warming up and end with cooling down and always listen to your body, don’t overdo. Remember, proper technique is very important while doing any form of exercise not just to get the ideal results but to prevent oneself from injury or muscle strain. If you are beginner, it is best to practise these under a trained profession for proper guidance.
Achieving healthy weight loss requires a combination of lifestyle changes. Here are some simple tips that you can follow to manage your belly fat.
Also Read: Weight Loss Patches: What are They, How They Work, Effectiveness & Myths
Even small mistakes can slow down your progress. Below are some common errors to avoid when trying to lose fat.
Also Read: Walking Backwards: Benefits, Precautions & How to Do It
There are many factors influencing belly fat such as genetics, lifestyle, medical issues, environmental factors like stress etc, however, opting for the right approach can help manage this. Choosing balanced nutrition, staying active, sleeping well, and avoiding common mistakes are the basic things that you have to follow for a healthier body and mind. Although it is difficult to lose fat from a particular body part, combining cardio with HIIT and strength-building exercises focussing on the core can help with overall weight loss and toning of the abdominal muscles. Remember, consistency, patience, and sustainable habits are the key to long-term success when it comes to fat loss.
Also Read: How To Lose Face Fat At Home Naturally
Measure your waist to check your visceral fat. Your waist circumference (perimeter) tells how much fat surrounds your organs. For females, it is 80 cm and for males, it is 95 cm. A waist measure greater than these are clear sign of health issues3.
A 5-minute warm-up is essential before you start your cardio workout. This will prepare you heart muscles to gently into exercise and will reduce injuries9.
Taking enough calories for your workouts, proper fluid intake, cutting your workouts if you feel stressed, resting at least 6 hours before workouts are some methods to prevent your body from getting over strained25.
Dancing not only helps with weight management but also improves heart and lung functions. It can boost your mental health, self-confidence, self-esteem, and social skills. Anybody of any age can enjoy dance as a sport or hobby. Plus, there are several options you can choose from such as Zumba, Ballet, Hip-hop etc. Here are some tips you should follow if you practise dancing:
Drink enough water before you start.
Take proper rest between dance sessions.
Do warm-up before you start dancing.
Cool down your body with stretches after dancing29.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has advanced rapidly over the past few decades, transforming the landscape of infertility treatment worldwide. India, in particular, has witnessed one of the fastest-growing ART sectors, with a significant rise in the number of fertility centres and ART cycles performed each year1.
ART includes a range of medical techniques designed to help couples conceive by manipulating reproductive cells outside the human body2. Among these techniques, in vitro fertilization (IVF) stands out as the most widely used and well-established method2. And over the years, IVF has evolved with improvements in laboratory technology, culture systems, and embryology practices, leading to higher success rates and safer procedures3.
Through this article, we aim to explore what is IVF, how the procedure works, the detailed steps involved, its indications and benefits. We will also cover IVF side effects, potential risks, and what individuals or couples can expect throughout the process.
IVF is a specialised fertility treatment in which a woman’s egg and a man’s sperm are combined/fertilized outside the body. This is typically achieved in a controlled laboratory environment4.
Under normal circumstances, an egg and sperm meet inside the woman’s fallopian tube after intercourse. And if fertilization (fusion of egg and sperm) occurs, the resulting embryo travels to the uterus and implants in the uterine lining. This leads to a natural conception/pregnancy.
However, when this process does not occur on its own, IVF provides an alternative path to conception4. The term in vitro literally means “in glass,” referring to fertilization that occurs outside the natural reproductive system5.
IVF is one of the most widely practised forms of ART. The IVF process involves retrieving mature eggs from the ovaries, fertilizing them with sperm in a laboratory to create embryos, and then either2:
IVF offers several important benefits that help individuals and couples overcome infertility and improve their chances of having a healthy pregnancy. Benefits of IVF include2:
IVF involves a series of carefully planned steps that help eggs and sperm come together outside the body. This is followed by placing a healthy embryo into the uterus. The following outlines the IVF procedure step by step4:
Several medications are used during an IVF cycle to help the ovaries produce eggs, control hormone levels, and prepare the uterus for embryo transfer. The main types include:
Before starting an IVF cycle, individuals undergo several important evaluations to ensure the treatment is safe, appropriate, and has the best chance of success. These assessments help identify any factors that may affect egg quality, sperm health, or embryo implantation.
Tests are done to understand how many good-quality eggs the woman may be able to produce. Common tests include2:
If the results show poor ovarian reserve, IVF is still possible, but the woman may need to consider options such as donor eggs.
The male partner provides a semen sample to assess2:
These results help determine if standard IVF is suitable or if ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) is needed.
Imaging tests help identify structural issues that may interfere with embryo implantation, such as2:
Addressing these problems beforehand improves the chances of a successful pregnancy.
Both partners are screened for infections such as2:
This ensures patient safety and prevents transmission during treatment.
IVF requires a multidisciplinary team, including doctors, nurses, embryologists, counsellors, and lab staff2.
Important: Alcohol and smoking may negatively influence ART/IVF outcomes8. Therefore, individuals undergoing ART should follow a balanced diet and avoid alcohol and smoking to support better treatment outcomes.
Different approaches may be used during an IVF cycle depending on the couple’s fertility issues, age, and medical history. The most commonly used treatment options include:
IVF can bring both emotional and physical challenges, but support is available throughout the process. Your team of doctors, counsellors, and fertility support groups can help you navigate this journey.
Joining support groups and connecting with others going through similar experiences can be reassuring during this phase12.
Women taking fertility medicines may experience4:
These symptoms are usually temporary and related to the hormonal changes during treatment.
IVF is generally safe, but like all medical treatments, it carries certain physical, emotional, and financial risks. These may vary from mild to more serious.
Mild cases may improve with rest, but severe cases may require draining fluid or hospitalisation.
IVF success varies widely and depends on several factors, such as maternal age, egg quality, embryo type (fresh or frozen), and the underlying cause of infertility. Although effective, the chance of pregnancy from a single fresh embryo transfer remains modest.
For women (under 35), general success rates are:
Note: Success rates may decline with advancing maternal age, especially after 40 years16.
Also Read: What Is Ovulation? Understanding The Ovulation Process and Symptoms
After IVF, it is important to watch for symptoms that may indicate complications. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience4,12:
Urgent medical help may be required in the following cases12:
These symptoms may indicate severe OHSS or an ectopic pregnancy and require urgent medical attention.
Also Read: 6 Essential Vitamins For Women That You Need To Know About
IVF is a widely used and effective fertility treatment, but its success depends on many factors, including age, egg and embryo quality, and underlying medical conditions. The process involves several steps, requires careful preparation, and may come with emotional, physical, and financial challenges. Thus, understanding the procedure, potential risks, and expected outcomes can help individuals make informed decisions.
As you consider or undergo IVF, it is important to maintain realistic expectations, seek strong emotional support, and work closely with an experienced medical team. Many individuals and couples can achieve a successful and rewarding outcome with the right guidance and care.
Also Read: Best Guide to Breast Pumping For New Mothers
The five basic steps of IVF are: ovarian stimulation (fertility medicines to produce multiple eggs), egg retrieval, fertilization (standard IVF or ICSI), embryo culture, and finally embryo transfer4.
An IVF pregnancy lasts the same duration as a natural pregnancy, which is about 9 months after fertilization4.
Gender selection may be done through preimplantation genetic testing17. However, under the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act of 1994, gender testing is strictly prohibited in India18.
The most significant risks include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and multiple pregnancy (twins or more)11. Other risks include ectopic pregnancy and emotional/financial stress12.
Women who are postmenopausal no longer produce eggs. However, the uterus can still carry a pregnancy with hormonal support and donor embryos19.
Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) often respond well to IVF and may have good success rates. However, they have a higher risk of OHSS, so careful monitoring is required20.
IVF bypasses the fallopian tubes entirely21. So, it is a common option for women who have had their tubes tied.
Current research shows no clear evidence that IVF or fertility medications increase the risk of cancer22. So, we can say that studies so far have been reassuring.
IVF children are just as healthy as those conceived naturally. There is no increased risk of major congenital anomalies, and the slightly higher chance of prematurity is mostly linked to parental age and underlying infertility factors, not IVF techniques themselves23.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and
