Gudmar: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and more!
By Dr Siddharth Gupta +2 more
Medically reviewed by Dr Siddharth Gupta
Last updated: Oct 23, 2024 Published on: Apr 29, 2022
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By Dr Siddharth Gupta +2 more
Table of Contents
Gudmar, also called Gymnema Sylvestre, belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae. It is a herb widely distributed in Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Australia, Vietnam, Japan, the southwestern region of the People’s Republic of China, and tropical Africa.1 It has deep roots in history and is known as one of the essential herbs used in the Ayurveda system of medicines for managing conditions ranging from malaria, and diabetes, to snakebites.2 The term ‘Gymnema’ is derived from ‘Gurmar’, which is a Hindu term that means ‘destroyer of sugar’ and may be thought to neutralise the excess sugar present in the body .1
The vernacular names of gudmar are Gurmar in Hindi; Periploca of the woods in English; Kalikardori, Kavali in Marathi; Madhunashini, Meshashringi in Sanskrit; Mardashingi, Dhuleti in Gujrati; Sannagerasehambu in Kannada; Cherukurinja, Adigam in Tamil; Podapatri in Telugu.1
Gudmar has several nutrients like proteins and carbohydrates. Other chemicals present are tannin, phenol, flavonoid, quinones, triterpenoids, saponin, stigmasterol, alkaloids, resins, and glycosides.3
The beneficial properties of gudmar may include:
I recently read in an article that along with being used for arthritis, diuretic, anaemia, osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, cardiopathy, asthma, constipation, microbial infections, indigestion and anti-inflammatory conditions, the herb demonstrates a wide variety of wonderful actions that make it an efficient natural remedy for diabetes.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Gudmar may have potential uses for various ailments; however, more human studies are needed to support its true scope in humans.
A review report by Khan et al., 2019 suggested that gudmar may have a blood sugar-lowering activity. In an animal study, the gudmar plant was given to a diabetic animal, which resulted in lowered blood levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and protein and reduced body weight.3 However, this information is insufficient because this study is done on the animal. Therefore, more human studies are required to support the potential uses of gudmar in managing blood sugar levels in the body.
Also Read: Paneer Dodi: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Several studies have reported that gudmar may have anti-cancer properties. The extract of gudmar was tested for anticancer activity in human (breast and lung) cancer cell lines. This study revealed that gudmar might have an anti-cancer effect. In another animal study, the antitumour activity of the plant was observed as it lowered the incidence of tumours and the number of tumours.3 However, these studies are laboratory-based and we require more human studies to see the potential of gudmar in managing cancer in the human body. Cancer is a major health condition that requires appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, before using gudmar, consult a doctor.
The gudmar extract was evaluated for anti-ulcer activity in an animal model. It lowered the total acidity, free acidity, and gastric (stomach) volume and enhanced the pH of the gastric juice. It was proposed that the anti-ulcer activity might be due to the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, sterol, glycosides, resins, alkaloids, protein, carbohydrates, and triterpenoids.3 This information is insufficient and requires more studies to support the potential uses of gudmar in managing ulcers. Therefore, people should take doctors’ advice and only have it if prescribed.
The leaf extract of gudmar was tested for anti-arthritic activity in an animal model. In this study conducted by Tiwari et al., 2014, it was found to be effective in managing arthritis. It was assumed that the anti-arthritic effect was due to the presence of triterpenoids, saponin glycosides, and steroids.2 However, this study is insufficient as it is done on animals. We require more human trials to support using guitar for managing arthritis-related problems in humans.
The leaf of gudmar has been widely used in the Ayurvedic medicine system and is considered acrid, bitter, and may have anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory property of gudmar might be due to the presence of tannin and saponins.2 However, people should take the advice from an Ayurvedic doctor before using gudmar to reduce inflammation in the body. They will tell you the correct amount and dosage to have the herb.
The occurrence of heart disease is one of the causes of a higher incidence of death than other causes combined. Hyperlipidaemia (increased fat level in blood) is considered the major contributor to atherosclerosis (a condition in which there is a buildup of cholesterol and fats in arteries) and diseases like coronary artery disease. A decrease in serum cholesterol level might help lower the chances of coronary heart disease. The extract of gudmar was tested in an animal model (Tiwari et al., 2014), where it lowered the cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and increased the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and was found might be beneficial for the heart health.2 However, this information is insufficient as there is no human subject involvement. Therefore, to support this claim, more human studies are required.
Also Read: Arjunarishta: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
The leaf extract of gudmar was tested for wound-healing activity in an animal model. It showed enhancement in the wound healing activity, which might be due to the presence of flavonoids. This suggested that the extract of gudmar may have wound healing properties.2However, this study is an animal study and might show different results when tried on humans. Therefore, we require more clinically tested proof on humans. So, it is necessary to take a doctor’s advice before using gudmar in managing wounds.
The tooth infection due to different kinds of bacteria is called dental caries. Bacteria like S. aureus, S. mutans, S. mitis and fungus, including Candida albicans, attach to the surface of the tooth and demineralise the tooth. The extract of gudmar may have a beneficial effect against these microbes and therefore might help in dealing with dental caries. The extract of gudmar has also been marketed as toothpaste and powders.2 However, this information requires more scientific proof to suggest its effect on dental health. Therefore, people should never use it to self-medicate themselves.
Also Read: Clove: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & Dosage
From my experience, Gudmar may be used in respiratory illnesses such as asthma and bronchitis as well. Gudmar is known to have anti-inflammatory properties.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Gudmar may be used as:
Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe the best form and dosage as per your medical requirements. Additionally, we recommend you do not change or discontinue your ongoing medications with any Ayurvedic or herbal preparations without taking the medical advice of an Ayurvedic doctor.
Gudmar is primarily safe but might cause side effects if taken at higher doses.
The side effects include weakness, hypoglycaemia (lower than normal level of blood sugar), excessive sweating, shakiness, and muscular dystrophy (a disorder that causes progressive weakness and muscle loss).2
However, if you notice such side effects after consuming gudmar, you should immediately rush to the doctor’s office and get the treatment. Your doctor will prescribe you a better treatment to overcome these side effects.
Therefore, if you have any underlying conditions and are on any medication, you must consult your doctor before taking gudmar.
Also Read: Ashwagandha: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Traditionally, the leaves of gudmar were used for managing diabetes.2 Also, in several animal models, gudmar helped manage diabetes.3 Therefore, gudmar might be beneficial for diabetes; however, its studies in humans are not yet documented. Hence, before using gudmar for managing blood sugar levels, please consult a doctor.
Avoid taking gudmar during pregnancy as there is not sufficient data available on the safe usage of gudmar during pregnancy.4
Gudmar may be used in the form of powder, gudmar extract paste, crude plant, tablet, and capsule.1 However, before using gudmar, you must consult an Ayurvedic doctor and ask for a prescription based on your health condition.
Gudmar is mostly safe to use. However, high doses of gudmar might cause weakness, hypoglycaemia, excessive sweating, shakiness, and muscular dystrophy.2 Therefore, immediately contact your concerned doctors if you observe any side effects after taking gudmar.
Traditionally, the root juice of the gudmar plant was used to deal with snakebites.2 However, it is advisable to seek immediate medical help in case of snakebite and not use gudmar to self-medicate on your own.
Gudmar may have been effective against microbes responsible for dental caries. Therefore, it may be beneficial for dental caries.2 However, this information is insufficient and requires a doctor’s advice to use gudmar for managing dental caries in humans.
Gudmar might lower the blood sugar level, and taking gudmar and antidiabetic medicines might drop the blood sugar level too low. Therefore, avoid taking/consuming gudmar if you are taking antidiabetic medicines and if any complications are observed, seek medical help.4
There is no known interaction of gudmar with foods.4
Avoid taking gudmar if you are taking phenacetin, tolbutamide, and antidiabetic drugs. Gudmar might interact with these medicines.4
There is not sufficient information on the safe usage of gudmar while breastfeeding. Stay on the safer side, avoid gudmar or contact your doctor if you want to use gudmar while breastfeeding.4
Also Read: Helpful Breast Breastfeeding Tips For New Mothers
1. Saneja A, Sharma C. Gymnema sylvestre (Gurmar): a review. Der Pharmacia lettre [Internet]. 2010;2(1):275–84. Available from: https://www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com/articles/gymnema-sylvestre-gurmar-a-review.pdf
2. Tiwari P, Mishra BN, Sangwan NS. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Gymnema sylvestre: An Important Medicinal Plant. Biomed Res Int [Internet]. 2014;2014:1–18. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/830285/
3. Khan F, Sarker MMR, Ming LC, Mohamed IN, Zhao C, Sheikh BY, et al. Comprehensive review on phytochemicals, pharmacological and clinical potentials of gymnema sylvestre. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10(OCT):1–19. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6830388/
4. Medlineplus. Gymnema [Internet]. Vol. 2, MedlinePlus National Library of Medicine. 2021. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/841.html
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