Mulberry (Shahtoot): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!

Introduction

Mulberry, scientifically known as Morus alba, belongs to the family Morceau. It is considered one of the most significant medicinal plants, valued for its wide-ranging therapeutic uses. The Latin word ‘mor-us’, meaning “oddly enough,” is believed to have influenced the origin of the word “maul.” The genus Morus includes several notable species, such as the native red mulberry (Morus rubra), the East Asian white mulberry (Morus alba), and the southwestern Asian black mulberry (Morus nigra)^1,2.  

The fruits of mulberry are known as toot or shahtoot (meaning king’s mulberry) are sweet, juicy, and mouth-watering. These fruits grow on deciduous trees found in temperate regions including India, China, Japan, North Africa, Arabia, and Southern Europe. The leaves of the mulberry tree are the sole food source for silkworms and have significant value in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Owing to its diverse benefits, the tree is often referred to as Kalpavriksha, or the “wish-fulfilling tree”^2,3. 

Nutritional Value of Mulberry

Mulberry contains a variety of valuable nutritional components. The fruits are particularly rich in organic compounds such as zeaxanthin, anthocyanins, phytonutrients, lutein, resveratrol, and a broad spectrum of other polyphenolic compounds. 

Nutritional value of mulberry (raw fruit) per 100 gram⁴: 

• Total fat: 0.39 g 
• Total carbohydrate: 9.8 g 
• Dietary fibre: 1.7 g 
• Sodium: 10 mg 
• Calcium: 39 mg 
• Iron: 1.85 mg 
• Potassium: 194 mg 
• Protein: 1.44 g 
• Vitamin C: 36.4 mg 
• Vitamin E: 0.87 mg 
• Vitamin K: 7.8 µg 
• Vitamin B1: 0.029 mg 
• Vitamin B2: 0.101 mg 
• Vitamin B3: 0.62 mg 
• Vitamin B6: 0.05 mg 
• Folate: 6 µg 

Properties of Mulberry (Shahtoot)

Several studies have found that the extracts from various parts of the mulberry plant may possess a range of properties that could support health and wellbeing, as outlined below²:  

• Anti-inflammatory (may reduce inflammation and swelling)   
• Anti-pyretic (may help to reduce fever)  
• Anthelmintic (may be used to destroy some types of parasitic worms)   
• May help slow the formation of abnormal blood clots   
• May help in reducing the build-up of fatty deposits on arterial walls 
• May have cholesterol-lowering properties   
• May support healthy blood sugar levels 
• Considered beneficial for skin and hair health 

From ​my ​experience, I can say that mulberries offer remarkable potential benefits. Due to their rich content of vitamin C and iron, mulberries may help support individuals with anaemia by contributing to improved iron absorption and overall blood health. However, their use should always be discussed with a healthcare professional⁹.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Mulberry for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of mulberry are described as follows:  

1. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Red Blood Cells

Mulberry is rich in iron, a mineral not commonly found in high amounts in most fruits. The presence of iron may support the production of red blood cells, which in turn helps improve the delivery of oxygen to the body’s organs and tissues. This suggests that mulberries might contribute to a healthy metabolism and support the optimal functioning of various bodily systems⁴.  

2. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Digestion 

Mulberries may help to improve digestion as they contain high dietary fibre content. The dietary fibre obtained from a single serving of mulberries is about 1.85 mg for a 100 grams serving⁴. The dietary fibre in mulberries adds bulk to the stool, which helps to enhance the movement of food through the digestive tract, thereby supporting healthy digestion. This may be beneficial in managing common digestive issues such as stomach cramps, bloating, and constipation³.  

3. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Eyes 

Mulberry fruits contain carotenoids, one of which is zea-xanthin. Zea-xanthin acts as an antioxidant and may have potential benefits to maintain retinal health. Free radicals lead to degeneration of the central part of the retina called the macula and may lead to cataracts. Zea-xanthin from mulberry fruits may be able to reduce oxidative stress on the retinal cells due to these free radicals. Thus, it may indicate that mulberry may have the potential to slow down cataract formation³. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential effects of mulberries on cataract development and progression in the human eye. 

4. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Cancer 

Mulberry is rich in antioxidants such as vitamin A, vitamin C, anthocyanins, and various other polyphenolic compounds. Antioxidants play a key role in defending the body against free radicals, which are harmful by-products of cellular metabolism. These free radicals can damage healthy cells and may contribute to the mutation of normal cells into cancerous ones. Antioxidants found in mulberries may help neutralise these free radicals, potentially reducing the extent of cellular damage they cause³. Further research is necessary to determine the effects of mulberries on free radicals linked to cancer development. 

5. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Diabetes 

The extract of mulberry leaves may play a role in catalysing the metabolism of glucose. Animal studies¹ have shown that mulberry leaf extract may help lower high blood glucose levels. However, human studies are needed to assess the effects of mulberries on blood glucose levels in people². 

6. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Immunity 

Mulberry is a particularly rich source of vitamin C. Vitamin C contributes to the maintenance of a healthy immune system. A single cup of mulberries can provide approximately the daily recommended amount of vitamin C³. However, any claims regarding the effects of mulberries on immunity require further scientific validation, and their use should be guided by qualified healthcare professionals. 

7. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Skin and Hair 

Mulberry fruits contain significant amounts of vitamins A and E, as well as various carotenoids. These compounds act as antioxidants, which may help protect the skin, hair, and other tissues from damage caused by free radicals. Antioxidants are believed to contribute to maintaining a smooth skin appearance and may support healthy, shiny hair. However, further scientific research is needed to confirm these effects, and mulberries should be used as part of a balanced diet rather than as a treatment³. Mulberry may have a role in managing oily or acne-prone skin by potentially reducing oil secretion and inflammation². However, further research is required to fully understand its potential benefits and safety in humans.  

8. Potential Uses of Mulberry for Heart

Mulberry leaves contain a flavonoid called resveratrol, which may help relax blood vessels by increasing the production of nitric oxide (NO), a natural vasodilator. This effect could potentially reduce the risk of blood clot formation. While these properties suggest possible cardiovascular benefits, including support for heart health, further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans^2,6. However, current studies are insufficient to conclusively establish the effects of mulberries on human heart health, and further research is required to validate these potential benefits. 

9. Other Potential Uses of Mulberry

• The leaves of mulberry may be used as an emollient, helping to soften or soothe the skin.  
• The juice of the mulberry leaves may have a beneficial effect on throat inflammation and irritation¹.  

While some studies suggest potential benefits of mulberries for various conditions, the current evidence is limited. Further research is necessary to establish the full extent of their effects on human health.   

I suggest considering mulberry as part of a balanced diet to support weight management. Mulberry may assist in this regard by potentially inhibiting lipid absorption, according to some studies. However, further research is needed to fully understand its effects¹⁰.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

How to Use Mulberry?

Mulberry can be used in the following ways⁵: 

• Mulberry is commonly consumed in various forms, including fruit wines, berries, jams, jellies, and muesli. 
• It can also be taken as juices and syrups, which are used traditionally to support the management of certain health conditions.  

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace any prescribed modern medical treatment with Ayurvedic or herbal preparations without medical advice. 

Side Effects of Mulberry

A few side effects that were observed in studies on consuming mulberry fruit are³:  

• Since mulberry has potential properties that may lower blood glucose levels, it may be dangerous for people who have low blood glucose levels to consume mulberries.  
• There have been reports of allergic reactions following mulberry consumption. It is advisable to consume mulberries in moderation and observe your body’s response, especially if you are trying them for the first time. 

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to mulberries, immediately contact a doctor as they will be able to guide you appropriately to manage your symptoms.  

Here’s a health tip: Mulberry is a natural source of flavonoids, a type of polyphenolic compound, which act as antioxidants. These antioxidants may help protect the body from oxidative damage, potentially playing a role in managing conditions associated with oxidative stress, such as atherosclerosis. Further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans¹¹.

Dr. Smita Barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Precautions to Take with Mulberry

Consuming mulberries in moderate amounts is generally considered safe. However, it is important to follow general precautions when including mulberries in your diet. 

• Pregnant women and lactating mothers should exercise caution and consume mulberry only if prescribed by a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner. 
• Care should also be taken when administering mulberry products to children and elderly individuals. 

Also Read: Chirata: Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions and More!

Interactions With Other Drugs

A clinical study⁸ suggested that having large amounts of black mulberry juice could interact with drugs that were reported to inhibit cytochrome enzymes; thus it may inhibit the metabolism of various drugs⁷. Therefore, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician and follow their prescription carefully, as they are best placed to consider your health condition and any other medications you may be taking.  

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

References

1. Ramappa VK, Srivastava D, Singh P, Kumar U, Kumar D, Gosipatala SB, et al. Mulberries: A Promising Fruit for Phytochemicals, Nutraceuticals, and Biological Activities. International Journal of Fruit Science [Internet]. 2020 Jul 24 [cited 2025 May 22];20(sup3):S1254–79. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342804952_Mulberries_A_Promising_Fruit_for_Phytochemicals_Nutraceuticals_and_Biological_Activities#pf8  
2. Sarkhel S, Manvi D, Ramachandra CT. Nutrition importance and health benefits of mulberry leaf extract: A review. J Pharmacog Phytochem. 2020 Aug 24;9(5):689-95. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dronachari-Manvi/publication/344085417_Nutrition_importance_and_health_benefits_of_mulberry_leaf_extract_A_review/links/5f539adda6fdcc9879ce2b3d/Nutrition-importance-and-health-benefits-of-mulberry-leaf-extract-A-review.pdf   
3. Prasath CNH, Balasubramanian A, Radhakrishnan S. Mulberry fruit-Nutritional and health benefits. 2019 Aug 1;6(8):15-6. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Cn-Prasath-2/publication/353403584_Mulberry_fruit_-Nutritional_and_health_benefits/links/60fa9eae1e95fe241a81806d/Mulberry-fruit-Nutritional-and-health-benefits.pdf  
4. US Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central [Internet]. Usda.gov. 2019 [cited 2025 May 26]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/169913/nutrients
5. Zhang H, Ma Z, Luo X, Li X. Effects of Mulberry Fruit (Morus alba L.) Consumption on Health Outcomes: A Mini-Review. Antioxidants [Internet]. 2018 May 21 [cited 2025 May 22];7(5):69. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325291078_Effects_of_Mulberry_Fruit_Morus_alba_L_Consumption_on_Health_Outcomes_A_Mini-Review 
6. NutritionValue.Org [Internet]. Mulberry, raw; [cited 2022 May 31]. Available from: https://www.nutritionvalue.org/Mulberries%2C_raw_nutritional_value.html#:~:text=Mulberries%2C%20raw%20contains%2060%20calories,mg%20of%20cholesterol%20per%20serving
7. Hu L, Wang C, Guo X, Chen D, Zhou W, Chen X, et al. Flavonoid Levels and Antioxidant Capacity of Mulberry Leaves: Effects of Growth Period and Drying Methods. Frontiers in Plant Science [Internet]. 2021 Aug 4 [cited 2025 May 22];12. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8371438/
8. Petric Z, Žuntar I, Putnik P, KovaÄević DB. Food–Drug Interactions with Fruit Juices. Foods. 2020 Dec 24;10(1):33. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/1/33
9. Memete AR, Timar AV, Vuscan AN, Miere (Groza) F, Venter AC, Vicas SI. Phytochemical composition of different botanical parts of Morus species, health benefits and application in food industry. Plants (Basel). 2022 Jan 6;11(2):152. doi: 10.3390/plants11020152. PMID: 35050040; PMCID: PMC8777750. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/2/152
10. Li R, Xue Z, Jia Y, Wang Y, Li S, Zhou J, Liu J, Zhang M, He C, Chen H. Polysaccharides from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf prevents obesity by inhibiting pancreatic lipase in high‑fat diet induced mice. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Oct;192:452–60. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.010. PMID: 34634334. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141813021021516
11. Manzoor MF, Hussain A, Tazeddinova D, Abylgazinova A, Xu B. [Retracted] Assessing the nutritional-value-based therapeutic potentials and non-destructive approaches for mulberry fruit assessment: an overview. Comput Intell Neurosci. 2022 Mar 24;2022:6531483. doi: 10.1155/2022/6531483. PMID: 35371246; PMCID: PMC8970939. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6531483

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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