H3N2 Influenza: Health Hazard Or Public Panic?

Introduction

Recently, there has been recurring news in the media about the increasing cases of the H3N2 virus. It appears to be affecting a large portion of the population nationwide. The typical symptoms of H3N2 include prolonged cough, sneezing, weakness, fever, sore throat, and ear pain.

H3N2 is a viral infection that is usually self-limiting but requires management under medical supervision. Some cases may worsen and require hospitalisation. Therefore, experts emphasize the importance of careful monitoring and preventive measures. 

Is the H3N2 virus dangerous? How can you detect this H3N2 influenza virus and stay protected? We have all the information you need.

So, let’s get started!

Symptoms of H3N2 Infection

Prevention and treatment are closely linked to the early detection of disease, which is why it’s essential to familiarize yourself with the symptoms of H3N2 influenza.

Some common symptoms seen in H3N2 seasonal infection are below:

• Fever (mostly with chills)
• Cough (which may even persist for 2-3 weeks)
• Muscle and joint pain
• Weakness and feeling unwell (acute malaise)
• Runny nose
• Sore throat
• Headache
• Nausea
• Abdominal discomfort/ pain
• Diarrhoea
• Itching or pain in the ears
• Swollen lymph nodes (in children)

In H3N2 influenza viral infection, coughing can be quite severe, lasting up to two weeks. Although most people recover from the fever within a week, H3N2 influenza can cause serious illness and necessitate hospitalization in some individuals, and can be particularly dangerous for certain high-risk patients. That is why it is crucial to monitor the patient and seek expert help if the symptoms don’t recede or seem to worsen. 

Hospitalisation may be needed for high-risk groups. So this is something to keep in mind if someone in your household with comorbidities such as asthma, COPD, obesity, heart or lung disorders is diagnosed with this infection. 

Risk Factors of H3N2 Infection

Certain high-risk groups are more susceptible to vulnerabilities than others. If you or your loved ones are in such groups, exercising caution is suggested:

• Pregnant women
• Children below five years
• Elderly individuals
• People suffering from chronic medical conditions (respiratory illnesses, kidney disease, heart disease, autoimmune disease, liver disorder, recent surgery, and neurodevelopmental conditions).
• Individuals undergoing steroid therapy, chemotherapy, and/or suffering from immunosuppressive conditions such as AIDS/HIV.
• Healthcare workers who are consistently exposed to patients are at a higher risk of contracting and spreading the virus to vulnerable individuals.

H3N2- Mode of Spread

• Person-to-Person transmission by respiratory droplets: The H3N2 influenza virus spreads quite rapidly, especially in highly congested areas such as nursing homes, offices, public transport, and schools. When the infected individual sneezes or coughs, droplets containing the virus are released into the air. Once airborne, the virus can spread up to a metre and infect those in proximity who breathe in the droplets quite easily. 
• The virus can also spread by physical contact. 
• If you touch a contaminated surface or object, you may contract the infection. 

Vaccine for H3N2 Influenza

The annual influenza vaccine also provides protection against H3N2 influenza, as well as other types of influenza A, such as H1N1, and certain strains of influenza B.  

One annual shot can reduce the risk of severe infection and hospitalisation in everyone. 

Discuss the annual flu vaccine with your doctor for yourself and your family. 

Diagnosis of H3N2 Influenza

The majority of H3N2 influenza cases are diagnosed clinically; however, during periods of low activity, infections with other respiratory viruses, such as COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus, can also present as influenza-like illnesses, making clinically differentiating H3N2 influenza from other environmental pathogens a challenging task.

To determine the nature of the pathogen, a respiratory sample, along with a laboratory diagnostic test, will be necessary. 

Tests that may be advised by your doctor-

• Routine blood and urine tests as needed
• Real-time RT-PCR – Nasal or throat swabs 
• Culture test for H3N2 virus
• Antibody testing for the H3N2 virus

Treatment of H3N2 Influenza

• Consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment if you feel unwell. If a doctor suspects H3N2, you may be asked to monitor your temperature and vitals (BP, SpO2, Pulse) at home. 
• Maintain good hydration and nutrition.
• Warm saline gargles and steam inhalation can help soothe ear and throat discomfort, as well as a cough.
• Follow the treatment prescribed by a doctor and do not self-medicate or start antibiotics or anti-viral medicines on your own, as these may have side effects. Your doctor will prescribe anti-viral medicines only when deemed necessary. 
• In the event of persistent high-grade fever, difficulty breathing, or a SpO2 level below 94, seek medical attention immediately.

Also Read: How Long Does a Flu Last and Ways to Manage Them  

Precautions for Transmission Prevention

Do’s

• Follow respiratory etiquette – People (irrespective of whether being infected or not) should cover their nose and mouth with a tissue or handkerchief at the time of coughing or sneezing. Wear masks when stepping outside.
• Follow hand hygiene- Individuals should also wash their hands thoroughly with soap and water.
• Isolate yourself in case you are feeling feverish or unwell.
• To safeguard yourself, get yourself vaccinated annually. 
• Avoid crowded places whenever possible.

Don’ts

• Do not touch your nose, mouth, or eyes, especially when travelling.
• Refrain from coming in proximity to those who are ill.
• Never self-medicate 

Conclusion

Seasonal influenza, such as the H3N2 virus, can be challenging to contain, especially in densely populated regions, unless everyone maintains good respiratory hygiene at all times. To minimize your chances of infection, get vaccinated every year to maintain optimal vaccine efficacy. Spreading awareness of the do’s and don’ts among your loved ones, friends, colleagues, and educational institutions will also help protect others from contracting the infection.

Also Read: Influenza A: What is It, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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