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Foods To Avoid While Taking Metformin

Introduction

Did you know that some foods can mess with your medicines? This can happen even with everyday foods like grapefruit or coffee. It is important to avoid such food-drug interactions to prevent any adverse events and maintain the effectiveness of the medicine1.  

In this article, we’ll discuss about the food interactions which can occur with the drug, metformin. Metformin is a common medicine prescribed for the management of Type 2 Diabetes. We’ll talk about Metformin’s intricate relationship with foods, when to take it, and more2.   

Did you know? 

Understanding Metformin

Metformin is a drug that helps bring down your blood sugar levels. It is mainly used to manage Type 2 diabetes3

Dosage and Usage

Metformin is available in different doses and forms. These include tablets, oral solutions, and even extended-release tablets. Your doctor will prescribe the right form and dosage based on your health condition and lifestyle. 

Storage and Precautions

Mostly, Metformin is stored at room temperature. It should be placed away from moisture or heat. Also, keep it out of reach of children. 

Mechanism of Action of Metformin

How Does Metformin Function?

Metformin mainly works by reducing glucose production by the liver. By doing so, it helps lower overall blood sugar levels. It also improves the body’s response to insulin and helps cells use insulin better, making it easier for them to take in glucose from the blood4,5. If you have type 2 diabetes, your healthcare provider may prescribe Metformin. 

Interaction with Different Foods

Certain food items and alcohol can affect Metformin’s effects6,7. We will discuss this in detail in the coming sections. 

In my experience, I have observed that use of metformin might lead to vitamin B12 deficiency. It is important to be aware of the potential risk and consider regular monitoring of your vitamin B12 levels, as well as discussing the need for supplementation with your healthcare provider13.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, BAMS, MD (Ayu)

The Metformin and Food Dilemma

Food choices play a big role in managing type 2 diabetes. While they don’t directly counteract Metformin’s actions, overeating or bad food choices can increase its efforts to control blood sugar. 

1. Foods to Avoid While Taking Metformin

carbohydrate

Certain foods can get in the way of Metformin. These are processed carbohydrates, saturated fats, trans fats, and too much sodium. While not opposing Metformin directly, they can spike up your glucose and insulin levels. 

Detailed list of Foods to Avoid  

Saturated fats can also make you more insulin resistant, which can make weight loss and blood sugar management more difficult. Fatty foods can delay gastric emptying and contribute to, prolonged postprandial hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar levels after food), which can be problematic over the long term. Sodium does not directly affect blood glucose or Metformin, but it increases cardiovascular risk and blood pressure, which are comorbid concerns in diabetes8. Also, some studies6 have found that a high-fat, high-calorie diet can slow the absorption of metformin. 

So, although these foods don’t directly interfere with Metformin’s pharmacologic action, they can oppose its intended effect by raising blood glucose levels, adding to Metformin’s workload. 

2. Foods to Consider While Taking Metformin

fresh fruit and vegetables

Some foods can make it hard for Metformin to work. Yet, some others support Metformin’s actions. These are complex carbohydrates, healthy fats, fibre, lean proteins, and select fruits and vegetables9

Detailed List of Beneficial Foods 

Consuming these foods along with Metformin can support your blood sugar balance. Plus, it can help keep your weight in check. But please note that not all fruits are low glycaemic. Portion control and glycaemic index should be considered especially if you are diabetic. Your doctor can guide you best on what type of foods you can eat based on your blood sugar control. 

Based on my experience, I have found that metformin typically does not cause low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) when taken alone. However, it is important to be cautious when combining metformin with other diabetes medications like insulin or gliclazide, as these combinations may increase the risk of hypoglycaemia13.

Dr Rajeev Singh,BAMS

Metformin and Specific Food Interactions

Food choices matter a lot in diabetes, especially if they interact with drugs like Metformin. Here are some specific food items that can affect metformin. 

1. Metformin and Grapefruit Interactions

Grapefruits are beneficial but found to interact with many drugs including Metformin. An old study on non-diabetic rats showed grapefruit juice might trigger a potentially fatal condition called lactic acidosis when mixed with Metformin10. Lactic acidosis is a rare but serious side effect of metformin, typically in patients with renal impairment or other risk factors. 

Grapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes, affecting drugs metabolized by this pathway (e.g., statins, calcium channel blockers). However, Metformin is not significantly metabolised by CYP enzymes, including CYP3A4. So, this seems to be an overemphasised claim. Yet, we don’t have any human case studies indicating a similar reaction with Metformin and grapefruit so far. More research is needed here. 

2. Metformin and Alcohol/Food Pairings

Alcohol consumption may also interact with Metformin’s action. Taking alcohol and Metformin together may cause lactic acidosis, a rare but serious condition7. Still, this could happen only if you drink alcohol heavily and regularly. It can also swing your blood glucose levels both ways – high (hyperglycaemia) and low (hypoglycaemia). Moderate drinking usually isn’t problematic unless you have kidney or liver issues. (Note that moderation as per guidelines is termed as no more than one drink per day, for women, and for men, a moderate amount is no more than two drinks per day.) 

Drinking alcohol regularly can also exacerbate kidney and liver issues, so talk with your doctor if you suffer from non-alcoholic liver disease or kidney disease before consuming alcohol with Metformin.  

How To Take Metformin?

Wondering how to take metformin the right way? Let’s see how and when to take Metformin for best results. 

Best Time to Take Metformin

When taking Metformin, timing is important for minimizing side effects (like GI upset) and optimizing blood glucose control. Normally, immediate-release tabs are taken twice a day while extended-release tabs are taken once daily. Keeping to this schedule helps manage diabetes effectively. 

Should Metformin Be Taken with Food?

Taking Metformin with meals can cut down its side effects like gas, bloating, nausea, and diarrhoea. Extended-release Metformin is usually taken with the evening meal to reduce gastrointestinal side effects and enhance overnight control. 

Side Effects of Metformin

Metformin, a widely prescribed medication for managing Type 2 diabetes, offers significant benefits, but users should be aware of potential side effects. Commonly reported metformin side effects include gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, diarrhoea, and abdominal discomfort, although these often subside with continued use.  

1. Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Continued use often leads to a gradual diminishment of these symptoms. 

2. Rare but Serious Side Effects

3. Gender-Specific Considerations

Metformin Side Effects in Females:

Metformin Side Effects in Males: 

When to Consult Medical Providers

If your health changes or you spot signs like muscle pain, feeling tired, abdominal complaints, uneven heartbeats, or problems in breathing, get immediate medical help. These could be early signs of lactic acidosis. It’s a serious but rare side effect of Metformin. 

Foods to Avoid When Taking Metformin for PCOS

When taking metformin for PCOS, it’s advisable to be mindful of certain foods. Limiting high-carbohydrate and sugary foods can enhance its effectiveness. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption and consider reducing intake of processed foods. Incorporating a balanced diet with whole grains, fruits, and vegetables is beneficial. Consulting with a healthcare professional for personalized dietary recommendations is essential for optimal PCOS management with metformin. 

Metformin’s Impact on Weight

Another interesting aspect of Metformin is its effect on body weight. Over time, people using Metformin have reported a slight weight loss. But remember, this isn’t guaranteed for all users. 

Researchers have noticed a link between Metformin and weight loss, which might be due to reduced hunger cues12. However, metformin’s weight loss effect is thought to be multifactorial, including improved insulin sensitivity, decreased hepatic glucose production, possible mild appetite suppression, and effects on gut hormones like GLP-1. But keep in mind, weight management isn’t only about medicine. It’s also about eating healthy and exercising regularly. 

The Role of Metformin in Long-term Weight Loss

Long-term weight loss linked with Metformin varies from person to person and may not be as much as you’d want. An average drop of around six pounds after a year of treatment is seen. To kickstart and keep up the weight loss, diet tweaks and exercise are crucial elements as well. 

Is Metformin Recommended for People without Diabetes?

Simply put, no. Metformin is specially made for patients with Type 2 diabetes. Though it has shown results in helping non-diabetic obese patients lose weight, this is an ‘off-label’ use and not approved by the FDA for non-diabetics. However, metformin is sometimes used off-label in PCOS and prediabetes with some evidence of benefit. 

Also Read: What To Eat During Food Poisoning?

Conclusion

Dealing with food-drug interactions can be hard. However, understanding your body’s specific reactions can help keep good health and make your medication work best. 

In short, matching wise food habits with Metformin can boost its effects in controlling Type 2 diabetes while making the wrong choices can increase its workload. Often, it’s about learning the potential interactions and making small food swaps in our daily meals. If you have diabetes, it’s best to discuss with your doctor and design the best diet plan that is suitable for your condition and does not impact your medications. 

Moreover, simple things like watching your salt intake, staying hydrated, and exercising regularly can have a beneficial impact on your overall health. Remember, tiny tweaks in your diet and lifestyle can yield big health gains over time! 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can Metformin be taken with coffee? 

As of now, there’s not enough proof to say coffee messes up Metformin. But remember, too much of caffeinated drinks might cause hydration issues. So, drink moderately. 

What should I watch out for when taking Metformin?  

Metformin may cause nausea, and if you also take insulin, Metformin can cause low blood sugar levels. This can be dangerous if you’re unable to keep liquids down, so call your doctor immediately if this is the case and you’re having trouble treating low blood sugars. 

Can I take Metformin if I am breastfeeding? 

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. However, studies have shown that Metformin passes into breast milk in very low amounts but is generally considered compatible with breastfeeding. The American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) and other authorities regard Metformin as usually safe during lactation. However, consult a doctor who will weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before prescribing this medication while breastfeeding. 

How soon will I be able to notice the benefits of Metformin use? 

You may notice improvement in your blood glucose control in 1 to 2 weeks, but the full effect of blood glucose control may take up to 2 to 3 months. Ask your doctor if you have any questions about this. 

What should be the ideal breakfast when on Metformin? 

Health pros suggest a low-carb, high-protein breakfast might work well with Metformin. Think eggs, lean meats, whole grains, and fresh fruits. It gives you main nutrients, lowers glycaemic spikes, and keeps you full till lunchtime. 

Why does metformin cause diarrhoea? 

Metformin-induced diarrhoea is thought to result from its impact on the gastrointestinal tract, causing increased fluid secretion and alterations in gut motility. Metformin increases intestinal glucose and bile acid concentrations, which can cause osmotic effects leading to increased fluid retention in the bowel. It may also alter gut microbiota and serotonin pathways affecting motility. Consultation with a healthcare professional is recommended for those experiencing persistent or severe diarrhoea while using metformin. 

Can metformin cause hypoglycaemia? 

Metformin typically does not cause hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) when used as a monotherapy. However, in combination with other diabetes medications that can lower blood sugar, there may be a higher risk of hypoglycaemia. It’s essential to follow healthcare provider guidance and monitor blood sugar levels regularly. 

Can metformin be given in pregnancy? 

Metformin is occasionally prescribed during pregnancy for gestational diabetes but should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Individual health considerations and potential risks to the mother and foetus need to be carefully evaluated before making any decisions about medication during pregnancy. 

Can metformin cause kidney damage? 

While metformin is generally considered safe for the kidneys, there’s a rare risk of lactic acidosis, a serious condition. It’s crucial for individuals with kidney issues to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriateness of metformin and to monitor kidney function regularly. 

Does metformin reduce insulin resistance? 

Yes, metformin is known to reduce insulin resistance, a key factor in type 2 diabetes. It improves insulin sensitivity, allowing cells to better respond to insulin and promoting better regulation of blood sugar levels. 

Is metformin habit-forming? 

No, metformin is not habit-forming. It is an oral medication commonly prescribed to manage type 2 diabetes and does not possess addictive properties. Always follow your healthcare professional’s guidance on medication use.

Can metformin reverse prediabetes? 

 
Metformin for prediabetes can be effective in slowing or preventing the progression from prediabetes to diabetes. However, individual responses vary, and it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice on its use and to incorporate lifestyle changes for comprehensive prediabetes management. 

Can you stop taking metformin? 

Stopping metformin suddenly can mess with your blood sugar. Always talk to your doctor before making any changes to your medication, so they can help you do it the right way. 

Can metformin cause liver damage? 

Metformin is generally considered safe for the liver, but in rare cases, it may cause an increase in liver enzymes. Regular monitoring and consultation with a healthcare professional are recommended to ensure the medication’s safety and address any potential concerns. 

What are the signs that metformin is working? 

Signs that metformin is working include stable blood sugar levels, better insulin sensitivity, and reduced symptoms related to the medical condition. Regular check-ups with a healthcare professional help track and confirm its effectiveness for each individual. 

References

  1. Petric Z, Žuntar I, Putnik P, Bursać Kovačević D. Food-Drug Interactions with Fruit Juices. Foods. 2020 Dec 24;10(1):33. doi: 10.3390/foods10010033. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7823305 
  2. Sharpe A, Morley LC, Tang T, Norman RJ, Balen AH. Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Dec 17;12(12):CD013505. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013505. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6915832/ 
  3. Lv Z, Guo Y. Metformin and Its Benefits for Various Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Apr 16;11:191. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00191. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7212476/  
  4. Corcoran C, Jacobs TF. Metformin. [Updated 2023 Aug 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518983/  
  5. Yerevanian A, Soukas AA. Metformin: Mechanisms in Human Obesity and Weight Loss. Curr Obes Rep. 2019 Jun;8(2):156-164. doi: 10.1007/s13679-019-00335-3. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30874963/  
  6. Sun ML, Liu F, Yan P, Chen W, Wang XH. Effects of food on pharmacokinetics and safety of metformin hydrochloride tablets: A meta-analysis of pharmacokinetic, bioavailability, or bioequivalence studies. Heliyon. 2023 Jul 1;9(7):e17906. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17906. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10344758/ 
  7. Yamagishi H, Sekiguchi N, Hirano A, Oshima A, Imai T. Metformin-associated Lactic Acidosis Induced by Excessive Alcohol Consumption. Intern Med. 2024 Jun 15;63(12):1745-1749. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2707-23. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11239242/  
  8. Pramono A, Fitranti DY, Nugroho KH, Sobirin MA, Syauqy A. The Association between Unhealthy Food Consumption and Impaired Glucose Metabolism among Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Indonesian Population. J Obes. 2023 Mar 22;2023:2885769. doi: 10.1155/2023/2885769. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10060072/  
  9. Reynolds A, Mitri J. Dietary Advice For Individuals with Diabetes. [Updated 2024 Apr 28]. In: Feingold KR, Ahmed SF, Anawalt B, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279012/  
  10. Owira PM, Ojewole JA. Grapefruit juice improves glycemic control but exacerbates metformin-induced lactic acidosis in non-diabetic rats. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Nov;31(9):563-70. doi: 10.1358/mf.2009.31.9.1435463. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20094639/  
  11. Crowley MJ, Diamantidis CJ, McDuffie JR, et al. Metformin Use in Patients with Historical Contraindications or Precautions [Internet]. Washington (DC): Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 2016 Sep. APPENDIX A, FDA SAFETY ANNOUNCEMENTS FOR METFORMIN. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK409379/ 
  12. Lee A, Morley JE. Metformin decreases food consumption and induces weight loss in subjects with obesity with type II non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Obes Res. 1998 Jan;6(1):47-53. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00314.x. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9526970/
  13. NHS. Side effects of metformin. NHS Medicines A to Z: Metformin – side effects of metformin [Internet]. Last reviewed 24 March 2022 [cited 2025 Jul 2]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/metformin/side-effects-of-metformin/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

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Foods to Avoid While Taking Duloxetine

Introduction

Do you wonder what duloxetine is? Duloxetine belongs to the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) class of drugs and is used in the management of mental health conditions like major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and other conditions like diabetic neuropathy1, fibromyalgia2, and chronic musculoskeletal pain. For individuals on duloxetine, it is vital to know about food and drug interactions of the medication and its side effects as these factors may influence the effectiveness of the medicine3

Before exploring which foods and substances to avoid when on duloxetine, let’s first understand how the medicine works and its interactions with other drugs, supplements and herbal products along with other considerations. Each person responds differently to a medicine, so you should consult your doctor before making any major changes to your medicine. 

How Does Duloxetine Work?

Duloxetine works by increasing the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. These are important chemicals that affect mood and pain sensations. Duloxetine does not let these chemicals be reabsorbed, allowing them to stay active in the spaces between nerve cells. 

This action helps improve communication between nerve cells, influencing mood positively and reducing the perception of pain signals. Essentially, duloxetine’s role is to enhance the effects of serotonin and norepinephrine, making it effective in treating conditions like major depressive disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, and certain types of chronic pain. Individual responses to the drug may vary; therefore, it’s essential for individuals to consult their doctor for personalised information and guidance regarding duloxetine uses. 

Did you know? 

Foods to Avoid While Taking Duloxetine

If you’re on duloxetine, some foods and drinks are best avoided. Here’s some foods you should watch out for. 

1. Alcohol

alcohol

It is safer to avoid alcohol if you are on duloxetine as the combination may increase some side effects of the drug and may lead to potentially harmful interactions. Both alcohol and duloxetine can cause CNS depression, potentially leading to excessive sedation. Alcohol may also interfere with duloxetine’s ability to improve mood, reducing its therapeutic benefit. Additionally, since both are metabolised in the liver, using them together increases the risk of liver toxicity4

Taking alcohol with duloxetine could cause: 

Both the manufacturer (FDA label) and doctors strongly recommend limiting or avoiding alcohol, particularly if you have a history of liver disease or depression. Always check with your doctor before consuming alcohol during duloxetine treatment4.

I want to emphasise that when prescribed to take duloxetine, it is important to especially avoid drinking alcohol as it may potentially increase the risk of liver damage. Prioritising your health and adhering to your doctor’s recommendations will ensure the safest and most beneficial use of this medication. 

2. Caffeine

coffee beans

Keep an eye on your caffeine intake while taking duloxetine. Although caffeine doesn’t directly interfere with how the medicine works, it may worsen certain side effects, such as jitteriness, anxiety, or trouble sleeping, especially if you’re sensitive to stimulants. In some cases, too much caffeine may reduce duloxetine’s calming benefits by increasing restlessness or anxious feelings5

To manage your caffeine intake: 

3. High-Tyramine Foods

high tyramine foods

Although duloxetine is not a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), some people worry about its interaction with high-tyramine foods. However, current research has not shown any significant risk, and duloxetine does not inhibit the MAO enzyme. That said, if you want to be cautious, it’s you may limit foods high in tyramine, such as: 

Drug Interactions With Duloxetine

If you are curious to know the drugs that may not work well with duloxetine, let’s find out. Always inform your doctor about all the medicines, supplements, or herbal products you currently take or are planning to take, to help avoid any possible interactions. 

1. Medications for Mental Health Concerns

Taking duloxetine with other medicines for mental health issues may increase side effects or cause complications. 

Some examples of such medicines include: 

How to manage drug interactions?

Here are a few simple precautions to help manage drug interactions while on duloxetine: 

2. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

NSAIDs could increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding when used with duloxetine, which could lead to: 

How to manage this interaction? 

Here are a few precautions to manage the interaction of NSAIDs with duloxetine: 

3. Amphetamines

Combining amphetamines with duloxetine may lead to side effects like: 

How to manage this interaction? 

These precautions may help you manage the interactions of amphetamines with duloxetine: 

Supplement and Herbal Interactions with Duloxetine

You need to know how supplements and herbs can interact with duloxetine. So, always discuss all supplement and herbal product use with your doctor7

Vitamin and Mineral Supplements

There are no specific reported interactions between duloxetine and most vitamins or minerals. However, it’s still important to inform your doctor about any supplements you take, as certain combinations may affect how well the medicine works. 

Herbal Supplements

Some herbal supplements may not be safe to take with duloxetine. For example, combining St. John’s Wort with duloxetine may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially serious condition linked to excess serotonin in the body6. Kava, another herbal product, may increase the risk of liver damage when taken with duloxetine. While there is no strong evidence that these herbs reduce the effectiveness of duloxetine, they can increase its side effects or lead to harmful interactions. 

Some tips on safe herbal usage: 

If you feel nauseous or unwell while taking duloxetine, it is advisable to avoid heavy meals and spicy or greasy foods. Easily digestible foods can reduce stomach discomfort and make you feel more at ease. Always let your doctor know if your nausea persists or worsens. 

Other Factors That May Affect How Duloxetine Works

Certain factors like an individual’s vaccination status, laboratory test requirements, and health history can influence the effect of duloxetine. 

1. Vaccines

Based on available data, there are no known interactions between duloxetine and most vaccines. However, it is advisable to consult your doctor before taking a vaccine if you are on duloxetine. 

2. Lab Tests 

Duloxetine is not known to interfere with common lab test results. However, if you have been scheduled for any tests, let your doctor know you are taking duloxetine for better interpretation of your test results. 

3. Health History Considerations

Your past and present health conditions can influence the effect of duloxetine. It is advisable to share your full medical history with your doctor, especially if you are pregnant or plan to conceive or have or have had: 

Side Effects of Duloxetine

Side Effects of Duloxetine in Women 

Some duloxetine side effects may specifically affect women and may vary from person to person: 

Side Effects of Duloxetine in Men

Duloxetine may lead to certain side effects that are more commonly seen in men: 

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is essential to consult your doctor and discuss your concerns openly.  

Duloxetine Sexual Side Effects

Duloxetine may affect sexual health in both men and women. These effects can vary but may include: 

Also Read: What To Eat During Food Poisoning?

Conclusion 

Understanding how duloxetine may interact with certain foods, beverages, drugs and more supports better health and more effective use of the medication. It is important to consider your overall health and lifestyle when taking medication. 

While on duloxetine, it is recommended you stay in touch with your doctor. Always share details of other medications and supplements you are taking with your doctor as they can influence your treatment. This allows your doctor to check for possible interactions, devise coping strategies, and adjust your treatment if needed. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How long does it take for duloxetine to work? 

The onset of duloxetine’s therapeutic effects varies, but many individuals may start experiencing improvement in their symptoms within 1 to 4 weeks after initiating treatment. However, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional for personalised guidance on the duration of duloxetine’s effectiveness. 

Can you take duloxetine while pregnant? 

Taking duloxetine during the third trimester of pregnancy may increase the risk of neonatal adaptation syndrome, which can cause symptoms such as tremors, irritability, feeding issues, and breathing problems in newborns9
Speak to your doctor before using duloxetine during pregnancy to weigh the possible risks and benefits based on your health and your baby’s well-being. 

Can you take duloxetine at night? 

Taking duloxetine at night is generally acceptable, but it’s advisable to follow your healthcare provider’s recommendation for the most effective and personalised dosing schedule. Always consult with your healthcare professional to ensure the dose timing aligns with your specific health needs. 

Can you take duloxetine and Wellbutrin together? 

Duloxetine and Wellbutrin should be used cautiously together because they affect different neurotransmitters in the brain. Taking them together may increase the risk of side effects or adverse reactions. Consulting a doctor may help manage potential drug interactions, ensuring a safer and more effective treatment plan10

Can you take duloxetine and gabapentin together? 

Taking duloxetine and gabapentin together requires caution because both medications can have central nervous system effects. The combination of these two medicines may increase the risk of side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, or difficulty concentrating. Consulting a doctor is crucial to assess individual factors, minimise risks, and ensure a safe treatment plan. 

Can duloxetine make you tired? 

Yes, fatigue is a common side effect of duloxetine. If you experience excessive tiredness or drowsiness while taking the medication, you should inform your doctor and discuss potential adjustments in dosage or alternative treatment options. 

Can duloxetine cause constipation? 

Yes, constipation is a recognised side effect of duloxetine. If you encounter persistent constipation while using duloxetine, it is recommended to consult with your healthcare provider for potential management strategies or adjustments to your treatment. 

Does duloxetine increase your energy levels? 

Duloxetine may contribute to increased energy levels in some individuals as it affects neurotransmitters. However, individual responses vary, and if you experience concerns about energy levels or fatigue while taking duloxetine, consulting your doctor is advisable for personalised guidance. 

Can duloxetine make bipolar disorder worse? 

Duloxetine may not be suitable for individuals with bipolar disorder, as it can potentially trigger manic or hypomanic episodes. It is essential to discuss any history of bipolar disorder with a doctor before starting duloxetine to ensure an appropriate treatment plan. 

References

  1. K K, Dutt S, Rattan P, Dadhania A, Gupta R, Joshi D, Kakkad A, Makwana A, Jha P. Fixed dose combination of low dose pregabalin and duloxetine, or pregabalin monotherapy for neuropathic pain: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. F1000Res. 2023 Mar 30;12:353. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11016171/ 
  2. Gilron I, Chaparro LE, Tu D, Holden RR, Milev R, Towheed T, DuMerton-Shore D, Walker S. Combination of pregabalin with duloxetine for fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2016 Jul;157(7):1532-40.  Available from: https://journals.lww.com/pain/abstract/2016/07000/combination_of_pregabalin_with_duloxetine_for.20.aspx 
  3. Dhaliwal JS, Spurling BC, Molla M. Duloxetine. [Updated 2023 May 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549806/
  4. Highlights of prescribing information [Internet]. FDA. Cited 2025 Jun 27. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/022516lbl.pdf 
  5. Hladun O, Papaseit E, Martín S, Barriocanal AM, Poyatos L, Farré M, Pérez-Mañá C. Interaction of Energy Drinks with Prescription Medication and Drugs of Abuse. Pharmaceutics. 2021 Sep 22;13(10):1532. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101532.  Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8541613/ 
  6. Duloxetine (Rx) [Internet]. Medscape. Cited 2025 Jun 27. Available from: https://reference.medscape.com/drug/cymbalta-irenka-duloxetine-342960#0
  7. Duloxetine [Internet]. MedlinePlus. Cited 2025 Jun 27. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a604030.html 
  8. Side effects of duloxetine [Internet]. NHS. Cited 2025 Jun 27. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/duloxetine/side-effects-of-duloxetine/ 
  9. MotherToBaby | Fact Sheets [Internet]. Brentwood (TN): Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS); 1994-. Duloxetine (Cymbalta®) 2023 Dec. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582683/  
  10. Ma SP, Tsai CJ, Chang CC, Hsu WY. Delirium associated with concomitant use of duloxetine and bupropion in an elderly patient. Psychogeriatrics. 2017 Mar;17(2):130-132. doi: 10.1111/psyg.12202. Epub 2016 Apr 5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27046219/ 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

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Pantoprazole Foods to Avoid

Introduction

Pantoprazole is a medication that belongs to the drug group ‘proton pump inhibitor (PPIs)’, which are often prescribed by doctors for stomach acid-related issues. These commonly include health conditions like peptic ulcer disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, NSAID-induced ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), among others1. But like any other medicine, there are some do’s and don’ts with pantoprazole as well. Understanding these are key to safe usage and optimal results. 

So, in this guide, we’ll talk about pantoprazole. What is it? Why is it needed? Which foods and drinks should be avoided while on this medication? We’ll also discuss drug and nutrient reactions that might occur. Plus, useful tips on food choices will be shared, which can help improve your treatment results. Lastly, preventive steps and monitoring measures are discussed to make the treatment safer for you. 

Drawing from my observations and experience, I strongly recommend avoiding food items that may exacerbate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) when undergoing medication. So, it might be best to refrain from consuming spearmint and peppermint while taking medications like pantoprazole. 

What is Pantoprazole?

Let’s begin the discussion with an overview of pantoprazole. We’ll discuss what it is, why it’s used and how it works. Then, delve into what food and drinks to avoid while taking this medication. 

1. Description and Purpose

It’s a type of PPI (proton pump inhibitor) which doctors prescribe for some gastric health problems. These helps manage issues wherein too much acid is produced in the stomach, leading to certain health conditions such as- 

Pantoprazole should ideally be taken 30–60 minutes before a meal, usually in the morning, for optimal proton pump inhibition. Pantoprazole can have adverse effects, including , headache, and upper respiratory tract infection.  Thus, pantoprazole should only be taken with a doctor’s prescription. 

2. Usage and Benefits

Now, let’s talk about its uses1.  

3. Mechanism of Action

Pantoprazole inhibits proton pumps in stomach wall lining cells, known as parietal cells. They make and release hydrochloric acid into the stomach. Pantoprazole irreversibly inhibits the H⁺/K⁺ ATPase enzyme in the apical membrane of parietal cells, leading to suppression of acid secretion. So, it helps manage symptoms related to acid reflux, hyperacidity, or mucosal damage due to excess acid1

As someone who has made observations and collected experience in this matter, I would suggest avoiding the consumption of orange juice while taking medications for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), such as pantoprazole. Orange juice, due to its high acidic nature, may have the potential to exacerbate GERD symptoms. Thus, opting for alternative beverages with lower acidity might be a more suitable choice when taking GERD medications and minimise discomfort.  

Foods to Avoid While Taking Pantoprazole

Certain food and drinks may worsen GERD symptoms even while consuming pantoprazole. To get the best out of your medication, avoid the following items: 

1. Acidic Foods

acidic foods

Acidic foods can worsen GERD. They stimulate your stomach to produce even more acid. Plus, they can irritate the lining of your oesophagus or reduce lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) tone, worsening reflux2.  It’s a common myth that they cause more acid to be produced. Examples of acidic foods are: 

orange juice

Fruits like oranges, grapefruits, and lemons, and their juices may cause irritation leading to worsening of GERD symptoms in some people. 

tomato ketchup

Tomato products like tomato sauce, canned tomatoes and ketchup are highly acidic. So, these can worsen GERD symptoms too. 

coffee

Caffeine boosts stomach acid levels and may relax the lower oesophageal muscles (LES). This can trigger GERD symptoms. Decaf options or herbal drinks can be helpful instead3,4

2. Spicy Foods

spicy foods

Spicy foods have materials like chili peppers, curry powder, hot sauces etc in them. These all can cause irritation to the oesophagus and fire up stomach acid, causing more heartburn2,3

3. High-Fat Foods

high fat foods

High-fat foods can slow digestion and induce acid reflux by relaxing LES. Some examples of high-fat foods to avoid are2,3

Food items such as chicken chunks, onion rings, and potato chips could make GERD symptoms worse. 

dairy products

High-fat dairy like cream, cheese, butter, and whole milk might worsen GERD symptoms. Try low-fat dairy or other alternatives instead. 

4. Carbonated Beverages

carbonated beverages

Bubbly drinks like soda and sparkling water can exacerbate GERD symptoms. The bubbles push up pressure in the stomach, spurring stomach contents to flow into the oesophagus3

5. Alcohol

alcohol

Alcohol use can worsen GERD symptoms by relaxing the LES which allows acid to reflux into the oesophagus and worsen GERD symptoms. It also delays gastric emptying, and can irritate the gastric mucosa, all of which exacerbate GERD symptoms. Cutting down on alcohol intake is advised when on pantoprazole. If needed, ask your healthcare provider about what safe levels of drinking are while on this medication5

Pantoprazole and Interactions

When on pantoprazole, it’s vital to know about potential drug and nutrient interactions. Always talk with your healthcare provider before starting any new medicines or supplements. 

1. Drug Interactions

Pantoprazole could interact with certain medications affecting their usefulness or causing unwanted side effects. Let’s see what these are: 

Examples and Effects 

Always tell your healthcare provider about the medicines you’re currently on. This can help avoid harmful drug interactions. 

2. Nutrient Interactions

Like other PPIs, long-term use of pantoprazole could interfere with the absorption of specific nutrients. This might lead to deficiencies. Here are some examples: 

Discuss with your healthcare provider any concerns over potential nutrient interactions. Regular blood tests might be needed to monitor nutrient levels for those using pantoprazole long-term. 

Recommended Dietary Choices

To boost overall digestive health and help manage GERD symptoms, a Mediterranean diet or low carbohydrate diet is preferred8. These foods can be included in your diet while on pantoprazole: 

1. pH-Balanced Foods

Foods with a neutral or slightly alkaline pH help strike a balance in stomach acid levels. They alleviate GERD symptoms. Some examples are: 

2. High Fiber Foods

Foods rich in fibre can boost digestion health and help prevent acid reflux. Some high-fibre options are: 

3. Lean Protein Sources

Incorporate lean protein sources in your meal plan. These include: 

Precautions While Taking Pantoprazole

Certain precautions need to be kept in mind while on pantoprazole to assure both safety and effectiveness. Keep the following points in mind: 

Monitoring Side Effects

Stay alert to side effects, both minor and serious ones like diarrhoea, nausea, headaches and allergic reactions. Always inform your healthcare provider of any long-lasting or severe symptoms. 

Severe or persistent diarrhoea could signal Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhoea, a rare but serious complication of long-term PPI use1

Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), a condition affecting the kidney, is also a rare but documented adverse effect of PPIs including pantoprazole. 

Pantoprazole Use in Special Populations

Correct dosage, duration of treatment and precautionary measures vary as per the specific populations: 

Also Read: What To Eat During Food Poisoning?

Conclusion

Knowing which foods and drinks to avoid, how to monitor medicine interactions, and adopting healthy eating habits are essential when on pantoprazole for maximum benefits and safety. Always work together with healthcare providers to get personalized advice and recommendations, ensuring that pantoprazole remains an effective and well-tolerated treatment for your needs. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How long can I take pantoprazole? 

How long you are on pantoprazole treatment hinges on your specific health problem and how well you respond to therapy. Always stick to the duration of your treatment as advised by your doctor. 

Can pantoprazole cause weight gain? 

Weight gain is not listed as a common side effect in pantoprazole studies. But everyone’s body reacts differently. If you see great changes in your weight, talk to your healthcare provider. 

What is the proper dosage of pantoprazole? 

The right pantoprazole dosage varies based on the individual and the condition treated. Always follow your doctor’s advice on dosage. 

How should pantoprazole be taken? 

Take pantoprazole as directed by your doctor. Usually, it is taken once in the morning 45 minutes before breakfast. Do not break, crush, or chew the tablet/capsule as this can impact its effectiveness. 

References

  1. Heidarzadeh-Esfahani N, Soleimani D, Hajiahmadi S, Moradi S, Heidarzadeh N, Nachvak SM. Dietary Intake about the Risk of Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2021 Dec 31;26(4):367-379. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8747955/ 
  2. Özenoğlu A, Anul N, Özçelikçi B. The relationship of gastroesophageal reflux with nutritional habits and mental disorders. Human Nutrition & Metabolism. 2023 Sep 1;33:200203. Available from:  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666149723000208#:~:text=In%20a%20systematic%20review%20examining,and%20caffeine%20were%20not%20significantly 
  3. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The role of tea and coffee in the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 11]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6559035 
  4. Pehl C, Frommherz M, Wendl B, Pfeiffer A. Gastroesophageal reflux induced by white wine: the role of acid clearance and “rereflux”. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 Mar;97(3):561-7. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/ajg/abstract/2002/03000/gastroesophageal_reflux_induced_by_white_wine__the.14.aspx 
  5. Tan CM, Juurlink DN. Navigating Drug Interactions with Proton Pump Inhibitors. JAMA Network Open. 2024 Jul 1;7(7):e2419818. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2820904#google_vignette 
  6. Linder L, Tamboue C, Clements JN. Drug-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency: A Focus on Proton Pump Inhibitors and Histamine-2 Antagonists. J Pharm Pract. 2017 Dec;30(6):639-642. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27520327/ 
  7. Surdea-Blaga T, Negrutiu DE, Palage M, Dumitrascu DL. Food and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Curr Med Chem. 2019;26(19):3497-3511.  Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28521699 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

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Is Palm Oil Bad for You?

Introduction

Palm oil is a widely used ingredient found in many everyday products, from food items to household goods. Despite its prevalence, there is often limited awareness about what palm oil is and how it is used. 

Derived from the fruit of the oil palm tree, palm oil has become a common component in both edible and non-edible products due to its versatility, long shelf life, and cost-effectiveness. It is used in cooking oils, baked goods, snacks, margarine, cosmetics, soaps, and even cleaning products1. 

This article explores the origins of palm oil, its various applications, and its nutritional profile. It also considers the ongoing discussions surrounding its impact on health and the environment. Comparisons with other types of oils will be included to help provide a balanced perspective. 

Origin of Palm Oil

Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil extracted from the fruit of the oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis). Originally cultivated in the western and southwestern regions of Africa, the oil palm is now grown extensively across tropical regions, particularly in Southeast Asia. Due to its unique fat composition, palm oil has become a key ingredient in a wide variety of products worldwide1

Production Process of Palm Oil

Palm oil production begins with the harvesting of oil palm fruits. The fruits are then steamed or boiled and mechanically pressed to extract the oil. It’s important to differentiate between palm oil and palm kernel oil, though both are derived from the Elaeis guineensis plant, palm oil comes from the fruit’s fleshy pulp, while palm kernel oil is obtained from the seed inside the fruit. Each oil has a distinct composition and is used in different culinary and industrial applications2. 

Composition of Palm Oil

Crude palm oil has a has a distinctive reddish-orange colour, primarily due to its natural carotene content, which is the same pigments that give carrots and tomatoes their vibrant hues. It also contains tocotrienols, a form of vitamin E. These naturally occurring compounds contribute to the oil’s oxidative stability and are part of its overall nutritional profile2

Different Forms of Palm Oil

Palm oil is available in various forms depending on the degree of processing. The two most common types found in consumer products are unrefined and refined palm oil3. 

Associated Health Factors

Palm oil has been the subject of considerable attention in discussions surrounding diet and health, largely due to its relatively high saturated fat content. Saturated fats, when consumed in excess, may influence cholesterol levels, which in turn can have implications for heart health. However, palm oil also contains a number of beneficial nutrients, including certain forms of vitamin E and essential fatty acids, which play important roles in supporting overall health. 

Types of Palm Oil

It is important to consider the type and processing level of palm oil, as these factors can affect its nutritional properties and best use. Below is an overview of commonly available forms of palm oil, their characteristics, and typical applications: 

1. Organic Unrefined Red Palm Oil

2. Unrefined Palm Oil 

3. Refined Palm Oil 

How Is Palm Oil Used?

Ever wondered the many ways palm oil is used in our daily life? Let’s take a look. 

1. Uses in Food

Palm oil is a common cooking ingredient thanks to its unique taste and adaptability. It’s particularly good for frying because it can withstand high heat. 

2. Uses in Non-food Products

Palm oil isn’t limited to the kitchen. It is a key ingredient in a variety of everyday non-food items. 

Refined and fractionated palm oil is widely utilised in the food industry due to its distinct functional properties. It demonstrates excellent oxidative stability, which allows it to resist spoilage and maintain quality during storage and processing. Furthermore, palm oil contributes nutritional value by supplying essential nutrients that support bodily functions11.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Nutrition Value of Palm Oil

Palm oil is a versatile ingredient that plays a significant role in both food and non-food products. Its functional properties and stability have led to widespread use in households and industries around the world. 

1. Vitamins, Minerals and Essential Fatty Acids

Unrefined palm oil is a natural source of carotenoids, which the body can convert into vitamin A. This makes it a potentially useful addition to diets where vitamin A deficiency is a concern. Additionally, palm oil contains tocotrienols, a form of vitamin E that has been studied for its antioxidant properties and potential roles in supporting heart and brain function1

While research into these effects is ongoing, these nutrients are recognised for their contribution to overall health. 

2. Saturated Fats and Calories

Approximately 50% of palm oil’s fat content consists of saturated fats, particularly palmitic acid2. Diets high in saturated fat have been associated with increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as ‘bad’ cholesterol which may raise the risk of cardiovascular disease. 

Palm oil, like all oils, is energy-dense and high in calories. Therefore, portion control and overall dietary balance are essential when including it in regular meals. 

The nutritional composition per tablespoon of palm oil is as follows4: 

Potential Health Benefits of Palm Oil

While palm oil is often discussed in the context of its saturated fat content, emerging research suggests it may offer certain potential benefits when consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet. These areas of interest primarily relate to heart and brain health, though further research is necessary to draw firm conclusions. 

1. Heart Health

Some scientific studies have explored the impact of palm oil on heart health, with mixed but noteworthy findings. 

Evidence and Research Studies 

Considerations 

It’s important to emphasise that such findings are associated with moderate consumption within the context of an overall healthy diet. Palm oil is calorie-dense and high in fat, and excessive intake, like that of any fat, may contribute to weight gain and related health issues. Individual dietary needs, existing medical conditions, and overall lifestyle should be considered when evaluating its suitability7

2. Brain Health

Research has indicated potential brain health benefits associated with the vitamin E tocotrienols found in palm oil. 

Evidence and Research Studies 

Studies8 have suggested that tocotrienols in palm oil can help protect the brain against ​neurodegenerative ​diseases. These compounds have been linked to a possible slowing of dementia progression and a reduction in the risk of stroke or the development of brain lesions. 

Tocotrienols function as antioxidants, which may protect the brain’s delicate polyunsaturated fats from oxidative damage. This protective effect could contribute to slowing the advancement of dementia, lowering stroke risk, and preventing the growth of brain lesions. It is important to note, however, that larger-scale human trials are required to substantiate these preliminary findings. 

Palm Oil Controversies

While palm oil may offer certain health benefits, it has also attracted considerable debate regarding its potential negative effects on both human health and the environment. Understanding these issues is crucial to forming a balanced perspective on palm oil production and consumption. 

1. Health Concerns

Much of the health-related discussion around palm oil focuses on its saturated fat content and the possible implications for cardiovascular health. 

There is ongoing scientific debate about the relationship between saturated fat intake, blood cholesterol levels, and heart disease risk. Some studies suggest that palm oil does not adversely affect heart health and may even provide certain benefits when consumed in moderation. Conversely, other research indicates that its relatively high saturated fat content could increase levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), often referred to as ‘bad’ cholesterol, which is linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease2. 

The predominant saturated fat in palm oil, palmitic acid, is considered to have a milder effect on blood cholesterol compared to some other saturated fats. Nonetheless, concerns persist that excessive consumption of palm oil could contribute to elevated cholesterol levels and associated health risks2

2. Environmental Concerns

The environmental impact of palm oil production is a significant aspect of the wider discussion. 

Large-scale palm oil cultivation, particularly in regions such as Southeast Asia, has been associated with substantial deforestation and the destruction of natural habitats. This expansion threatens the survival of endangered species, including the Bornean orangutan and the Sumatran tiger, among others9

Beyond environmental damage, the industry has faced criticism for labour exploitation and violations of indigenous peoples’ rights, especially in areas where regulatory oversight is limited. 

Cheese replacements or imitation products are often preferred for their cost-effectiveness and nutritional profile. When selecting such alternatives, palm oil has demonstrated potential benefits, including a favourable effect on blood cholesterol levels when used instead of milk fat. This is largely attributed to its content of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, the natural tocopherol present in palm oil contributes to the nutritional value of cheese analogues. Thus, incorporating palm oil as a source of dietary fat may be a suitable option11.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Comparing Palm Oil with Other Oils

Understanding how palm oil compares to other popular oils can provide valuable insight into its role in a balanced diet. 

1. Palm Oil vs. Olive Oil

Olive oil is widely recognised for its cardiovascular benefits, primarily because of its high content of monounsaturated fats. Some studies have suggested that palm oil and olive oil may have similar effects on cholesterol levels, despite palm oil’s higher saturated fat content10

2. Palm Oil vs. Canola Oil

Canola oil contains less saturated fat and more monounsaturated fat than palm oil. It also has a notable proportion of omega-3 fatty acids, which contribute to its reputation as a heart-friendly oil. However, most commercially available canola oil is derived from genetically modified crops, whereas palm oil typically is not10

3. Palm Oil vs. Avocado Oil

Avocado oil is rich in monounsaturated fats and antioxidants, making it one of the healthiest cooking oils available. Similar to palm oil, avocado oil is stable at high temperatures, making both oils suitable for frying and other heat-intensive cooking methods10

4. Palm Oil vs. Sunflower Oil

Sunflower oil is known for its high polyunsaturated fat content, especially linoleic acid, which is valued for its potential to lower cholesterol. While its nutritional profile differs from that of palm oil, sunflower oil remains a popular choice for those seeking to manage cholesterol levels10

5. Palm Oil vs. Coconut Oil

Coconut oil, like palm oil, contains a high proportion of saturated fats, particularly lauric acid. Its saturated fat content is generally higher than that of palm oil. Despite this, coconut oil is frequently recommended for its various health effects, although evidence remains mixed and further research is ongoing10

Conclusion

Assessing palm oil as either beneficial or harmful is a complex issue that depends largely on consumption patterns, including quantity, frequency, and the context of an individual’s overall diet. While palm oil’s high saturated fat content suggests moderation is necessary, it also provides valuable nutrients such as vitamins A and E, which offers practical benefits in cooking due to its heat stability. 

However, the environmental challenges associated with palm oil production are significant and must be taken into account. Therefore, if palm oil is to be included in the diet, it should be consumed judiciously, within a balanced and varied nutritional framework. Choosing palm oil that is sustainably sourced can further help reduce its environmental impact, supporting both personal health and ecological responsibility. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is unhealthy about palm oil? 

The main concern associated with palm oil is its high saturated fat content, which may increase bad cholesterol and heart disease risk. But eating in moderation as part of a balanced diet should not pose major health risks. 

Is palm oil or olive oil healthier? 

Palm oil and olive oil each offer distinct nutritional properties. Olive oil is a source of monounsaturated fats, while palm oil contains natural antioxidants, including vitamin A (as beta-carotene) and vitamin E (tocotrienols and tocopherols). The choice between the two may depend on individual dietary preferences, culinary use, and nutritional considerations. 

Is it okay to eat palm oil every day? 

As with any food, moderation is key. Palm oil contains saturated fats, and the World Health Organization recommends that saturated fat intake should not exceed 10% of total daily calories. When used in small amounts, palm oil can be part of a balanced and varied diet, depending on individual nutritional needs. 

Does palm oil cause cancer?

There is no conclusive evidence directly linking palm oil consumption to cancer. However, concerns arise from its potential role in a diet high in saturated fats, which may contribute to certain health risks and research on this topic is ongoing. 

Does palm oil cause heart disease?

While palm oil consumption has been associated with elevated levels of LDL cholesterol due to its saturated fat content, the direct link to heart disease remains inconclusive. Moderation in consumption and maintaining a balanced diet are recommended for heart health. 

How long does palm oil last? 

When stored properly in a cool, dark place and sealed tightly, palm oil can have a shelf life of up to a year or more. However, factors such as exposure to heat, light, and air can affect its quality and lead to a shorter storage lifespan. 

Can palm oil cause allergies?

While rare, some individuals may be allergic to palm oil, experiencing allergic reactions such as skin rashes or gastrointestinal discomfort. However, palm oil allergies are not widespread, and most people can consume it without adverse effects. 

Can babies eat palm oil? 

Introducing palm oil to babies’ diets is generally not recommended due to its high saturated fat content. Babies need a balanced diet that primarily consists of breast milk or formula, followed by the gradual introduction of age-appropriate solid foods. 

Is palm oil and palmolein oil the same? 

Palm oil and palmolein oil are not the same, although both are derived from the palm fruit. Palm oil is in a semi-solid form, while palmolein in the liquid fraction is obtained through a refining process. They have different applications in cooking and food processing. 

Does red palm oil darken the skin?

There is no conclusive evidence that red palm oil directly darkens the skin. While some anecdotal claims suggest potential skin benefits, the impact on skin tone is not well-established, and individual reactions may vary. It’s advisable to consult with a dermatologist for personalised skincare advice.

References

  1. Mba OI, Dumont MJ, Ngadi M. Palm oil: Processing, characterization and utilization in the food industry – A review. Food Bioscience [Internet]. 2015 Jun [cited 2025 Jun 27];10:26–41. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272197406_Palm_Oil_Processing_Characterization_and_Utilization_in_the_Food_Industry_-_A_Review 
  2. Ismail SR, Maarof SK, Siedar Ali S, Ali A. Systematic review of palm oil consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Atkin SL, editor. PLOS ONE [Internet]. 2018 Feb 28 [cited 2025 Jun 27];13(2):e0193533. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5831100/ 
  3. Omojola Awogbemi, Lawal AS, Adeyeye EI. Effects of frying and food items on the physicochemical properties of palm oil obtained from Nigeria. Discover Food [Internet]. 2024 Oct 18 [cited 2025 Jun 27];4(1). Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44187-024-00196-3 
  4. US Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central [Internet]. Usda.gov. 2019 [cited 2025 Jun 27]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/171015/nutrients 
  5. Wang F, Zhao D, Yang Y, Zhang L. Effect of palm oil consumption on plasma lipid concentrations related to cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2025 Jun 27];28(3):495–506. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31464396/ 
  6. Voon PT, Lee ST, Ng TKW, Ng YT, Yong XS, Lee VKM, et al. Intake of Palm Olein and Lipid Status in Healthy Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Advances in Nutrition [Internet]. 2019 May 16 [cited 2025 Jun 27];10(4):647–59. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6628844/  
  7. Odia OJ. Palm oil and the heart: A review. World Journal of Cardiology [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2025 Jun 27];7(3):144. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4365303/  
  8. Sen CK, Rink C, Khanna S. Palm Oil–Derived Natural Vitamin E α-Tocotrienol in Brain Health and Disease. Journal of the American College of Nutrition [Internet]. 2010 Jun [cited 2025 Jun 27];29(sup3):314S323S. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3065441/  
  9. Murphy DJ, Goggin K, Paterson RRM. Oil palm in the 2020s and beyond: challenges and solutions. CABI Agriculture and Bioscience [Internet]. 2021 Oct 11 [cited 2025 Jun 27];2(1). Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8504560/  
  10. A rapid overview of systematic reviews on the effects of palm oil intake compared with intake of other vegetable oils on mortality and cardiovascular health in children and adults [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jun 27]. Available from: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/376122/9789240088344-eng.pdf  
  11. Sulaiman NS, Sintang MD, Mantihal S, Zaini HM, Munsu E, Mamat H, Kanagaratnam S, Jahurul MHA, Pindi W. Balancing functional and health benefits of food products formulated with palm oil as oil sources. Heliyon. 2022 Oct 11;8(10):e11041. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11041. PMID: 36303903; PMCID: PMC9593283. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9593283/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof. 

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Does Masturbating Increase Risk of Prostate Cancer or Vice Versa?

Introduction

Discussing the pleasures and health benefits of certain solo endeavours may raise many eyebrows, such as in the case of masturbation and its association with prostate cancer. It is a malignant tumour of the prostate gland and is one of the main causes of death due to cancer in men worldwide. It is the third most common cancer in Indian men and has been linked to risk factors like vasectomy procedures, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and poor BMI1. Men will be glad to know that studies suggest that frequent ejaculation through intercourse or masturbation has health benefits, and lowering the risk of prostate cancer is one of them2. Contrary to popular belief, masturbation, if done in moderation, does not increase the risk of prostate cancer.

The Link between Masturbation and Prostate Cancer

Masturbation is a common sexual act that has been misunderstood and seen as taboo by society. It involves self-stimulation of the genitalia to achieve sexual release, orgasm, or ejaculation and feel sexual pleasure. People of all genders and sexual orientations can engage in this private activity. It can be both self or partner-assisted.

The ejaculate in men is essentially semen, which contains a large portion of the seminal fluid, a sperm-nourishing liquid. The prostate gland, which is found in men just below the urinary bladder, is responsible for producing this seminal fluid. Hence, the close link between masturbation and prostate cancer cannot be ignored2.

Regular masturbation can be beneficial for the prostate’s health, which can thereby reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Here are a few benefits of masturbation:

One of the most extensive studies was published in European Urology in 2016, in which over 31,000 males were followed for over 20 years. The researchers concluded that frequent ejaculators (irrespective of masturbation or intercourse) had lower prostate cancer rates than other males4.

The precise reason for the positive relationship between masturbation and prostate cancer is not entirely understood since the cancer of the prostate gland is multifactorial. Studies show prolonged contact between the cells of the prostate gland and their secretions, such as seminal fluid, which contains sufficient levels of zinc, phosphates, citric acid, and the male hormone di-hydrotestosterone (DHT), may accelerate the growth of cancer5. Hence, it may be derived that masturbation reduces the contact between the cells and fluids of the prostate gland. However, this fact has yet to be proven.

Other Factors That Affect Prostate Cancer Risk

There are several factors as mentioned below that affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. While some of these factors are beyond our control, knowing them can still help men make wise choices regarding their health6. 

The Benefits of Masturbation for Prostate Health

While the research on the specific benefits of masturbation for prostate health is still developing, several studies have been conducted to provide an overview of the psychological and physiological health advantages of masturbation and other sexual behaviours that cause ejaculation in men5,7

The following are a few potential advantages of masturbation for prostate health:

1. Reduces the Risk of Prostate Cancer

Masturbation and prostate cancer have an intricate relationship. As explained, prostate cancer risk can be decreased by ejaculations through sexual acts like masturbation5,7.

2. Stimulation of The Prostate Gland

Masturbation involves external genital stimulation, which indirectly affects the prostate gland. This stimulation may keep the gland active, induce the healthy formation of seminal fluid, and drain the fluid periodically. All of these processes are natural and necessary to maintain the health of a secretory gland5,7

3. Better Blood Flow to the Lower Abdomen and Groin

Sexual activity, including masturbation, improves blood flow to the genital area. An increase in blood flow can help the prostate gland function optimally by supplying it with oxygen and other vital nutrients5,7

4. Stress Relief and Happiness

Masturbation is a private, intimate, fulfilling, and pleasurable sexual activity that can help people unwind and reduce stress. Prostate difficulties and other health problems have been related to chronic stress. Masturbation may indirectly improve prostate health by lowering stress levels5,7

5. Masturbation Encourages Sexual Well-Being

Masturbation gives people a chance to know their bodies, sexual preferences, and reactions. Understanding sexual desires and pleasure can help with sexual self-awareness. Accepting your own sexuality and engaging in sexual behaviours that are pleasurable and satisfying, can both be beneficial for your sexual well-being5,7.

6. Ejaculation Affects Sperm Quality

Studies suggest that infrequent ejaculation can improve sperm count and volume, while frequent ejaculation can often enhance sperm quality, morphology, and DNA fragmentation (breakages and patterns in the genetic material of the sperm)8

7. Ejaculation Results in Better Sleep

Following an orgasm, your body releases oxytocin, a stress-reducing hormone, and blocks cortisol, a stress-inducing hormone. Research9 says that orgasms shorten the time it takes to fall asleep and enhance the quality of sleep. 

Also Read: How Exercise Can Help You Deal with Breast Cancer

Conclusion

The inverse relationship between masturbation and prostate cancer clearly requires more scientific studies. In a country like India, it is still difficult for physicians to record a detailed history of self-stimulation or masturbation. There is a long way to go before doctors start prescribing ‘masturbation’ for better sexual health. The majority of factors that increase the chances of prostrate cancer, such as age and family history of the illness, are unchangeable. Hence, if there exists a natural and pleasurable way of reducing the risks of prostate cancer, then why not try it? 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How many times should a man release sperm in a week?

The frequency of ejaculations varies greatly from person to person and is affected by factors like age, health, and sexual choices. There is no set quota or suggested frequency for ejaculation. However, excessive acts of masturbation could be bad.

Can ejaculating too much cause prostatitis?

An infection or inflammation of the prostate gland, known as prostatitis, is caused by bacteria or other elements. In some people, excessive intercourse, including many ejaculations, may cause momentary pain or annoyance in the prostate or pelvic region. A proposed reason for the symptoms of chronic Prostatitis/Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is frequent ejaculation-associated free radical and lactic acid accumulation, which results in noninfectious inflammation and muscle weakness, not prostatitis10

What aggravates prostate cancer?

Age, sedentary lifestyle, chronic stress, and processed food/ red meat are a few aggravating factors in prostate cancer. If you have a family history of prostate cancer, it is best that you stay away from these.

How can I naturally protect my prostate?

Maintain a healthy weight, avoid processed foods with preservatives, hydrate yourself better, exercise regularly and avoid self-medicating with hormonal supplements that may derange the levels of testosterone to keep your prostate healthy

What are the 5 warning signs of prostate cancer?

-Difficulty in the start of urination
-An interrupted flow of urine
-The desire to urinate multiple times, especially at night
-Pain while urinating
-Mild specks of blood in the urine and the semen

References

  1. Hariharan K, Padmanabha V. Demography and disease characteristics of prostate cancer in India. Indian J Urol. 2016 Apr-Jun;32(2):103-8. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831497/
  2. Aboul-Enein BH, Bernstein J, Ross MW. Evidence for masturbation and prostate cancer risk: do we have a verdict? Sexual medicine reviews. 2016 Jul;4(3):229-34. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27871956/ 
  3. Leitzmann MF, Platz EA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Giovannucci E. Ejaculation frequency and subsequent risk of prostate cancer. Jama. 2004 Apr 7;291(13):1578-86. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/198487
  4. Rider JR, Wilson KM, Sinnott JA, Kelly RS, Mucci LA, Giovannucci EL. Ejaculation frequency and risk of prostate cancer: updated results with an additional decade of follow-up. European urology. 2016 Dec 1;70(6):974-82. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0302283816003778
  5. Levin RJ. Sexual activity, health and well-being–the beneficial roles of coitus and masturbation. Sexual and relationship therapy. 2007 Feb 1;22(1):135-48. Available from:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14681990601149197
  6. Bostwick DG, Burke HB, Djakiew D, Euling S, Ho SM, Landolph J, Morrison H, Sonawane B, Shifflett T, Waters DJ, Timms B. Human prostate cancer risk factors. Cancer: Interdisciplinary International Journal of the American Cancer Society. 2004 Nov 15;101(S10):2371-490. Available from: https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cncr.20408
  7. Brody S. The relative health benefits of different sexual activities. The journal of sexual medicine. 2010 Apr;7(4_Part_1):1336-61. Available from:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01677.x
  8. Hanson BM, Aston KI, Jenkins TG, Carrell DT, Hotaling JM. The impact of ejaculatory abstinence on semen analysis parameters: a systematic review. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics. 2018 Feb;35:213-20. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10815-017-1086-0
  9. Lastella M, O’Mullan C, Paterson JL, Reynolds AC. Sex and sleep: Perceptions of sex as a sleep promoting behavior in the general adult population. Frontiers in Public Health. 2019 Mar 4;7:33. Available from:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00033/full
  10. Peng H, Chen Q, Tan Y. Frequent ejaculation associated free radical and lactic acid accumulation cause non-infectious inflammation and muscle dysfunction: a potential mechanism for symptoms in Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome. Med Hypotheses. 2009 Sep;73(3):372-3. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19435656

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Penile Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

Introduction

Cancer appears as a solid tumor (lump) that is malignant1. Penile cancer is a cancer of the penis (the external part of the male urinary and reproductive system). The cells present in the tissues of the penis give rise to different types of penile cancer.

Depending upon the type of cell affected in the penis, the type of penile cancer is determined. Following are the type of penile cancers: Squamous cell cancer, Melanoma, Basal cell cancer, Adenocarcinoma (Paget’s disease of the penis), and Sarcoma2.  Penile cancers can start in any part of the penis. 

Most commonly it has been found to begin on the head or foreskin of the penis.  This cancer goes untreated in many individuals since it is associated with psychological distress. Males suffering from this type of cancer often delay seeking medical opinion because they fear and suffer embarrassment4 . Males who are over 55 years are most often detected with penile cancer. However, people who are under the age of 40 can also develop this type of cancer.

Did you know?

Signs and Symptoms of Penile Cancer

Irrespective of the type of penile cancer, mostly the foreskin and the tip of the penis (glans) get affected. Therefore, penile cancer symptoms are first visible on this part of the penis5.

Signs of penile cancer are listed as under:

The following are the symptoms of penile cancer: 

Causes of Penile Cancer

Penile cancer is a rare form of cancer that starts in the tissues of the penis. The exact cause of penile cancer is not clear, but several factors have been identified that may increase the risk of developing this type of cancer:

Risk Factors for Penile Cancer

Risk factors are not the factors causing penile cancer but these factors increase the chance of occurrence of developing penile cancer. Below are some of the risk factors3:

Diagnosis of Penile Cancer

Upon visiting the doctor following diagnostic protocols are carried out to understand the developing penile cancer in an individual. The mean age of diagnosis of penile cancer is at the age of 60 years4.

Treatment of Penile Cancer

Treatment strategy for penile cancer depends on the size of the tumour, cancer stage, spread of the cancer, and its likelihood of relapsing after the treatment3. Often, treatment options are combined to have maximum therapeutic effect, following is a list of treatments that might be employed for treating penile cancer: 

In my experience, a healthy skin cell may become a cancer cell when you have penile cancer. Uncontrolled cancer cell growth results in the formation of a tumour that pushes the healthy cells aside. As time passes, cancer cells have the potential to invade further organs and tissues in your body. I strongly recommend routine complete body checkups for those who have a family history of cancer3.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Treatment for a mild form

Treatment for a severe form

Prevention of Penile Cancer

Following are the possible preventive measures7:  

Complications of Penile Cancer

Penile cancer complications are like any complication that arises due to surgical incidents such as:  

Did you know squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) makes up 95% of penile cancer cases? This type of cancer develops in the epithelium that is the top layer of your skin. Different types of tissues may develop other forms of penile cancer: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), melanoma, and sarcoma. Out of these, the malignancy melanoma is more dangerous3.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S M.D (Ayu)

When to See a Doctor

One should visit the doctor if the following conditions are observed. As a regular practice, one should look for the mentioned changes that occur in and around the penis: 

Also Read: How Exercise Can Help You Deal with Breast Cancer

Conclusion

Penile cancer, though rare, is a serious condition that requires timely recognition and treatment. The stigma, fear, and lack of awareness surrounding male reproductive health often lead to delayed diagnoses, affecting outcomes. Understanding the symptoms, risk factors, and causes, especially the role of HPV and poor hygiene can empower men to take preventive steps early on.

Fortunately, with advancements in diagnostics and treatment, many cases can be managed effectively when detected in time. Maintaining proper genital hygiene, avoiding tobacco, practicing safe sex, and not ignoring unusual symptoms are key pillars of prevention. If you notice any persistent changes in or around the penis, do not hesitate to consult a doctor. Early action can make a significant difference, not just in treatment success but also in overall well-being and quality of life.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How quickly do we need to decide on treatment for penile cancer? 

As soon as your doctor confirms penile cancer, treatment strategies should be discussed with the doctor.  

Can a person with penile cancer have sex or have children after treatment?

Most men can typically have an erection and continue their sexual life normally after the cancerous area has been removed (wide local excision)9. Most men can typically have an erection and continue their sexual life normally after the cancerous area has been removed (wide local excision)9.

Will treatment affect how I urinate?

Penile tissue is kept alive during many cancer therapies. This means that your penis finally recovers to resemble its pre-treatment appearance almost exactly. You’re still able to urinate when standing10.

For penile cancer, do I need to see any other types of doctors?

A surgical oncologist, a urologist who focuses on urinary tract issues, a medical oncologist, and a radiation oncologist are frequently on a penile cancer team.

How long does it take me to recover from the treatment?

This occurs often 7 to 14 days following your operation11.

References

  1. What is Cancer? | Cancer Basics | American Cancer Society [Internet]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/treatment/understanding-your-diagnosis/what-is-cancer.html
  2. What Is Penile Cancer? [Internet]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/penile-cancer/about/what-is-penile-cancer.html
  3. Symptoms and Causes Diagnosis and Tests Management and Treatment Prevention Outlook / Prognosis Living With Ad [Internet]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6181-penile-cancer
  4. Engelsgjerd JS, Lagrange CA. Penile Cancer Continuing Education Activity [Internet]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499930/
  5. Symptoms Penile cancer Main symptoms of penile cancer [Internet]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/penile-cancer/symptoms/
  6. Causes of penile cancer – NHS [Internet]. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/penile-cancer/causes/
  7. Penile Cancer: Risk Factors and Prevention | Cancer.Net [Internet]. Available from: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/penile-cancer/risk-factors-and-prevention
  8. Can Penile Cancer Be Prevented? [Internet]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/penile-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/prevention.html
  9. Sex and relationships | Penile cancer | Cancer Research UK [Internet]. Available from: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/living-with/sex-relationships
  10. Penile Cancer: Symptoms, Stages & Treatment [Internet]. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6181-penile-cancer
  11. After surgery | Penile cancer | Cancer Research UK [Internet]. Available from: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/penile-cancer/treatment/surgery/after-surgery

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Kayam Churna: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More

Introduction

Kayam churna is an Ayurvedic preparation readily available at a chemist’s store. A lot of Indians use kayam churna for various stomach-related problems. In the Indian traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Naturopathy, the use of ‘churnas’ has been recorded. Ayurveda defines churna as a fine powder of one or more ingredients in dried form. Kayam churna is an Ayurvedic formulation. It is a balanced blend of seven incredible Ayurvedic ingredients, namely Senna leaves, Mulethi, Ajwain, Black salt, Nishoth, Haritaki and Svarjikshara. Senna leaves (Cassia angustifolia) are the major ingredient of kyama churna. Kayam churna may work against a vast array of stomach disorders like diarrhoea, heartburn, constipation, gas, peptic ulcer and acid-reflux disease1.​​ Let us discuss the health benefits of kayam churna, its nutritional composition, properties, uses and more. 

Nutritional Composition of Kayam Churna

Kayam churna may contain the following ingredients: 

The bioactive compounds may include tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, and phlobatotannins1

Properties of Kayam Churna

Kayam churna may have the following properties1

Potential Uses of Kayam Churna

The potential uses of kayam churna may be described as follows: 

1. Potential uses of kayam churna for constipation

Kayam churna powder may provide instant relief from constipation. As per a study1 done by Gupta et al. in 2022, the main ingredient of kayam churna is senna leaves. It may play a major role in correcting bowel movements. Kayam churna contains seven herbs, making it one of the most potent natural preparations for constipation. It may increase muscular movement in the stomach, making the food move faster through the intestine. This may ease constipation and may help ease bowel emptying2. However, if you suffer from constipation, consult a qualified doctor and do not self-medicate. 

2. Potential uses of kayam churna for bloating/gas

It is not uncommon to complain about gas in the stomach, which may lead to a painful bloating sensation. All the ingredients of kayam churna may help combat gas formation and relieve bloating. Senna leaves contain anthraquinones, which may have anti-bacterial activity and help remove harmful bacteria from the stomach and increase good bacteria. This may lead to a healthy environment in the stomach and alleviate discomforts such as gas and bloating2. However, more studies on humans are needed to suggest the uses of kayam churna for gas and bloating. Therefore, if you have any such stomach issues, consult with your physician and only use it if advised. 

3. Potential uses of kayam churna for digestion

Kayam churna is a herbal preparation containing mulethi, ajwain and senna leaves. It may act as a dietary supplement for various digestive problems. It may help boost the functions of the digestive system. It may help break down the food in the stomach and help it to get digested so that all the nutrients get absorbed into the body. It may also help with indigestion1. However, this information is insufficient; more human studies are needed to support the benefits of kayam churna in digestion. 

4. Potential uses of kayam churna for jaundice

Jaundice may be caused due to increased bilirubin levels in the liver. Ayurveda has been advising the use of dried senna leaves for managing jaundice. Senna leaves are the main ingredient of kayam churna, which may help regulate pitta production in the liver. It may act as a stimulant, which may help remove pitta from the body. Hence, regular intake of kayam churna ingredients might help avoid the occurrence of jaundice2. However, more human studies are required to support the use of kayam churna for jaundice. If you have jaundice, take medical treatment and do not self-medicate. 

Other Potential Uses of Kayam Churna

Though studies show the potential uses of kayam churna in health conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to develop the scope of the benefits of kayam churna on human health.  

How to Use Kayam Churna?

You may use kayam churna: 

You should consult a qualified doctor before using kayam churna in large quantities. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing modern medical treatment with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation of kayam churna without consulting an Ayurvedic doctor. They will guide you with its form and dosage per your health condition. 

Side Effects of Kayam Churna

Kayam churna in minimum amounts is considered safe. No major study reports the kayam churna side effects. However, the individual ingredient, if used alone in larger quantities, may have side effects as mentioned below: 

If any side effects are seen after using kayam churna, immediately consult your doctor and get proper treatment. 

Precautions to Take with Kayam Churna

Taking kayam churna in small quantities may be safe. However, the following precautions are necessary:  

Interactions with Other Medicines

No study reports the interaction of kayam churna with other medicines. Therefore, more human studies are needed to study the safe use of kayam churna in humans. Consult an Ayurvedic doctor; they will guide you to a safe way to use it. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is it safe to use kayam churna during the lactation period? 

No. Kayam churna should not be used by lactating mothers. It may induce purgation (involuntary emptying of the bowel) in infants4.  

What are the properties of kayam churna? 

Kayam churna may relieve constipation, act as a laxative, enhance digestion, relieve bloating, reduce flatulence, peptic ulcers and acid reflux1,3.​​

Is it safe to have kayam churna during pregnancy? 

Kayam churna contains mulethi (licorice root). A heavy dosage of mulethi during pregnancy may cause premature birth and other health problems in the baby. Therefore, pregnant women should avoid kayam churna4.

References

  1. ​​Gupta P, Kendle A, Bhagat D, Khan M, Wakode P, Shah S, et al. Standardization and Quality control parameters of Kayam Churna. TMR Modern Herb Med. 2022;5(3):1–9. Available from: https://www.tmrjournals.com/public/articlePDF/20220829/69f027eb40445b0a3b045898c9bc2468.pdf 
  2. Jalwal P, Middha A. Recent advances on senna as a laxative: A comprehensive review Ramchander, Pawan Jalwal, and Anil Middha. ~ 349 ~ Journal of Pharmaco and Phytoche. 2017;6(2):349–53. Available from: https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2017/vol6issue2/PartF/6-2-92-932.pdf 
  3. ​Anwar S, Ahmed N, Habibatni S, Abusamra Y. Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) Oils. Essen Oils in Food Preserv, Flavor and Safe. 2016;181–92. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124166417000195 
  4. ​Licorice Root | NCCIH [Internet]. [cited 2022 Dec 11]. Available from: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/licorice-root 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Halim Seeds: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More By Dr. Rajeev Singh

Introduction

Halim seeds, also known as garden cress seeds, are tiny reddish-brown seeds packed with nutrition and health benefits. Used for centuries in traditional medicine and cooking, they have been valued for their medicinal properties and rich nutrient profile.

These seeds come from Lepidium sativum, an edible herb belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Originally native to Egypt, the plant is now cultivated worldwide, including in India, where it is primarily grown in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. The plant produces light pink or white flowers and tiny seed pods, which are harvested for their seeds.


Halim seeds are also known by different names across regions, such as Holan, Chandrasura, Aliv seeds, and garden cress. With their impressive nutritional value, they have gained popularity as a superfood. Let’s explore the numerous health benefits these tiny seeds have to offer1.

Nutritional Value of Halim Seeds

Halim seeds are packed with the goodness of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers and minerals like calcium, phosphorus, zinc, etc. and phytochemicals like flavonoids, phenols, lectins, tannins, glycosides, etc. The nutritional components and bioactive components of Halim seeds are mentioned below: 

Properties of Halim Seeds

Scientifically proven properties of Halim seeds include: 

Based on my experience, I have found that the extract from halim seeds shows promising potential as an antifungal agent. It has been observed to effectively inhibit the growth of various fungal species. Halim seeds may possess strong antifungal properties, which could be beneficial in the management of fungal infections.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Potential Uses of Halim Seeds for Overall Health

Some of the potential benefits of Halim seeds are described below:  

1. Potential Uses of Halim Seeds in Type 2 Diabetes 

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia (an increase in blood glucose levels) with reduced or total loss of insulin (a hormone that regulates blood glucose in the body) function.

Qusti et al. conducted a study4 in 2016 to assess the effects of Halim seeds in diabetic rats. The study showed that Halim seeds showed a significant decrease in blood glucose levels. This effect was attributed to the inhibition of molecules which inhibit the insulin pathway. This indicates that Halim seeds may help in managing diabetes. However, we need more studies to support these claims in humans.

2. Potential Uses of Halim Seeds in Bone Health 

Strong bones reduce the risk of fractures and protect vital organs like the brain and heart from damage. To build strong bones and promote bone healing in fractures, calcium and Vitamin D play an important role.

Dixit et al. conducted a study1 on rats in 2020, stating that Halim seeds may positively impact bone health and help promote bone healing in case of fractures due to the presence of calcium and phosphorus in high amounts. This indicates that Halim seed consumption may have a positive impact on bone fractures, provided more human studies are done to support these claims.

3. Potential Uses of Halim Seeds on Obesity 

Obesity is defined as an excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat in the body. A Body Mass Index (BMI)>25 kg/m2 is defined as overweight, and >30 kg/m2 is considered obese. Reducing body weight may help in managing obesity.

Dixit et al. conducted a study4 in 2020 to assess the effect of Halim seeds on obese rats; the study findings supported the use of Halim seeds for weight loss. This indicates that Halim seed consumption may help manage obesity by reducing weight. However, we need more studies to support these claims in humans.

4. Potential Uses of Halim Seeds in Breast Cancer 

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. Literature reviews support the use of dietary agents and a reduced risk of breast cancer.

Mahassni et al. conducted a literature review5 in 2013, stating Halim seeds contain phytochemicals like organo-sulfur compounds and phytosterols, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and may inhibit cell multiplication, arrest the cancer cell cycle and cause apoptosis (cell death of cancer cells). This indicates that Halim seeds may exert an anti-cancer effect on breast cancer. However, there is limited evidence, and we need more studies to support these claims in humans.

5. Potential Uses of Halim Seeds on Hyperlipidemia 

Hyperlipidemia or hyperlipoproteinemia is defined as an increase in total cholesterol, a reduction in low-density lipoprotein or bad cholesterol and an increase in high-density lipoprotein or good cholesterol.

Yousef et al. conducted a study6 in 2014 to assess the effects of Halim seeds on hyperlipidemia; this study states that Halim seeds positively impacted lipid profiles. This effect is attributed to the inhibition of an enzyme, which aids the formation of cholesterol. This indicates that the consumption of Halim seeds may help manage hyperlipidemia. However, more studies should be conducted to claim these effects with more reliability.

In my practice, I have observed that halim seeds may exhibit significant antidiarrheal properties. It is believed to achieve this by inhibiting gastrointestinal propulsion and fluid secretion, resulting in a decreased frequency of bowel movements and reduced fluid loss.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Other Potential Uses of Halim Seeds

Though there are studies that show the benefits of Halim seeds in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Halim seeds on human health.  

How to Use Halim Seeds?

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an Ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Side Effects of Halim Seeds

According to a study9, it is stated that in addition to the nutritional components, Halim seeds also contain anti-nutrients like phytates and oxalates, which may interfere with the absorption of nutrients.  

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to Halim seeds, it is advised to discontinue their intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed them. They will be able to guide you appropriately.

Precautions to Take with Halim Seeds

Consuming Halim seeds is okay if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions8

The safety data regarding the use of Halim seeds in pregnant and breastfeeding women, the elderly and infants is limited; therefore, it is advised to take necessary cautions if you plan to add this herb to your dietary routine. It is advised to follow precautions and consume it in moderate amounts. 

Consuming Halim seeds is contraindicated in the following situations: 

Also Read: 14 Amazing Health Benefits of Pumpkin Seeds!

Interactions with Other Drugs

However, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of Halim seeds with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking8.

Also Read: Chia Seeds: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can you use halim seeds for weight loss? 

Yes, animal studies3 show that Halim seeds may help in weight loss. However, we need more studies to support these claims in humans. Therefore, it is advised to consult a doctor for proper treatment in case you have any weight-related issues.

Can Halim seeds be used during pregnancy? 

The safety data regarding the use of Halim seeds in pregnancy is limited; therefore, it is advised to take necessary cautions if you plan to add this herb to your dietary routine. It is advised to consult a doctor for proper advice. 

Can Halim seeds be used to manage anaemia? 

Yes, Halim seeds, due to their high iron content, may help in managing iron-deficiency anemia. 

References

  1. Dixit Jr Iii, Vinti et al. “Lepidium sativum: Bone healer in traditional medicine, an experimental validation study in rats.” Journal of family medicine and primary care vol. 9,2 812-818. 28 Feb. 2020, doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_761_19. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7113932/ 
  2. AL Sayed et al. Utilization of garden cress seeds (lepidium sativum L.) as natural source of protein ‎and dietary fiber in noodles – pharmaceutical research and Allied Sciences. Available at: https://ijpras.com/article/utilization-of-garden-cress-seeds-lepidium-sativum-l-as-natural-source-of-protein-and-dietary-fiber-in-noodles (Accessed: December 13, 2022).  
  3. Azene, M., Habte, K. & Tkuwab, H. Nutritional, health benefits and toxicity of underutilized garden cress seeds and its functional food products: a review. Food Prod Process and Nutr 4, 33 (2022). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43014-022-00114-z.  
  4. Qusti, Safaa et al. “The Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Activity of Cress Seed and Cinnamon on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes in Male Rats.” Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM vol. 2016 (2016): 5614564. doi:10.1155/2016/5614564. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4972928/ 
  5. Mahassni, Sawsan Hassan, and Roaa Mahdi Al-Reemi. “Apoptosis and necrosis of human breast cancer cells by an aqueous extract of garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds.” Saudi journal of biological sciences vol. 20,2 (2013): 131-9. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.12.002. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3730895/ 
  6. El-Gindy, Yassmine M et al. “Reproductive performance and milk yield of rabbits fed diets supplemented with garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seed.” Scientific reports vol. 12,1 17083. 12 Oct. 2022, doi:10.1038/s41598-022-21449-0. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9556594/ 
  7. Jain, T., Grover, K. A Comprehensive Review on the Nutritional and Nutraceutical Aspects of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum Linn.). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 88, 829–836 (2018). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-016-0775-2 
  8. Lippert A, Renner B. Herb-drug interaction in inflammatory diseases: review of phytomedicine and herbal supplements. J Clin Med. 2022 Mar 12;11(6):1567. doi: 10.3390/jcm11061567. PMID: 35329893; PMCID: PMC8951360. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8951360/
  9. Malhotra U, Sontakke M, Shams R, Pandey VK. Effects of pre-treatments on nutritional and mineral composition of garden cress seeds (Lepidium sativum). Food Chem Adv. 2023;3(4):100398. doi:10.1016/j.focha.2023.100398. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372523403_Effects_of_pre-treatments_on_nutritional_and_mineral_composition_of_garden_cress_seeds_Lepidium_sativum

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Breast Cancer: Foods to Have and Avoid During and After Treatment

Introduction

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. It may also occur in men, although very rare. Breast cancers can start from any of the different parts of the breast1. The breast is an organ composed mainly of glands, ducts and fatty tissue. In women, the breast makes milk for feeding newborns and infants.

Types of Breast Cancer

The most common types of breast cancer are2:-

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

The cancer cells begin in the ducts and then grow outside the ducts into other parts of the breast tissue. Invasive cancer cells can also spread or metastasise, to other parts of the body.

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma

The cancer cells begin in the lobules and then spread from the lobules to the breast tissues that are close by. These invasive cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body.

There are other types of breast cancers as well, which a doctor usually diagnoses with the help of lab tests and biopsies.

Breast cancer must not be left untreated once diagnosed. The treatment for breast cancer comprises surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Proper diet and food supplements help in combating and overcoming, partially or otherwise, the side effects of the treatment cycle, especially chemotherapy and radiation.

Best Foods for Breast Cancer Warriors

Good nutrition is the key for cancer patients throughout the various phases of treatment and after. The treatment may affect the way your body metabolises certain foods and uses nutrients and this varies for each individual.

During the treatment process, your diet must help build up your strength. You must eat high protein, high-calorie foods which will promote the following-

Food Recommendations During and After Treatment of Breast Cancer

1. Protein

If you had surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy, you need a lot of protein to feel fit and fight off infections. The body loses substantial immunity in the process of breast cancer (and other cancer) treatment. Fish, poultry, lean meat, eggs, low-fat dairy products, nuts and nut butter, dried beans, peas, lentils and soya foods are all good sources of protein.

In my opinion, depending on whether you are vegeterian or follow other diets, increase your consumption of poultry, fish, and legumes like beans and lentils for a healthy source of protein. Scientists suggest daily protein consumption may help cope with breast cancer3. One to two servings of soy food per day, such as tofu, edamame, and soy milk, may also be included assuming soy is used in moderation.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

2. Grapes

grapes

Grapes are a rich source of the antioxidant resveratrol, which has the potential to possibly stop cancer from starting in the breast4. You must eat grapes with their skin intact as it has the most resveratrol.

3. Figs

figs

These have always been popular for their medicinal properties. They contain high levels of the flavonoid quercetin beneficial for lung and colon cancers5. Figs can reduce inflammation which is the major cause of cancer. 

4. Broccoli and Cauliflower

Cruciferous vegetables must be included in your regular diet. Broccoli has a high amount of a phytochemical called sulforaphane, which is a cancer-fighting plant compound6. These vegetables are effective sources of nutrition and also boost immunity.

5. Garlic and Onion

The antimicrobial and antitumor properties of garlic and onion have been known for over 1000 years. They must be part of your daily diet.

6. Tea

Tea (both green and black) has active antioxidants that keep the harmful effects of free radicals in check, which cause cellular damage7. Fresh tulsi tea can be a good choice.

7. Turmeric

turmeric

It is already an integral part of Indian foods. Curcumin I, II and III inhibit carcinogenesis and have proven anti-inflammatory properties. It is also an antitumour agent8

8. Rosemary

rosemary

This herb is rich in carnosol, a phytochemical that can slow the growth of cancer cells, strengthen the immune system and limit the production of cancer-related hormones. It acts as an antioxidant and can be included in your diet during and after breast cancer treatment9.

9. Fenugreek

fenugreek seeds

This ingredient in every Indian kitchen helps inhibit tumour cell growth. It is useful for patients with breast cancer and it has anticancer potential10. You may include it in your diet during and post-treatment.

10. Saffron

This exotic flower product has excellent inhibitory properties against cancer cells11.

11. Soya Products

soy proteins

Nutritional properties of soya milk and other soya products make them preferred inclusions in your breast cancer diet.

If you ask me, roughly 25 to 30 grams of fibre should be taken daily. To my knowledge, whole grains are rich in vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, fibre, and complex carbs. According to a study12, eating a lot of fibre may keep you away from breast cancer and other hormone-dependent tumours. Make sure that at least 50% of the grains in your diet are whole grains, such as brown rice for dinner or whole-grain bread for lunch.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Foods to Avoid when Affected by Breast Cancer

Apart from the usual culprits like sugary foods, fatty foods and processed and preserved food, if you suffer from breast cancer, make sure you avoid the following:

Also Read: How Exercise Can Help You Deal with Breast Cancer

Conclusion

The most important part of breast cancer treatment is a regular follow-up, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and following a good diet. Apart from keeping to a diet rich in proteins, minerals, vitamins and nutrients, you must always be well hydrated. Drink plenty of water, exercise and keep your weight in check, as fat and obesity are inimical for breast cancer. Form a habit of taking small meals rather than heavy ones, spaced throughout the day. Do enough activities caring to avoid stress on the arm where the axillary nodes have been surgically removed. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What should a breast cancer patient eat?

Your diet should be such that you eat enough nutrients to keep your body strong. A balanced diet consisting of fruits, vegetables, grains, beans, nuts, seeds, meats/eggs and dairy products is ideal. Talk to your doctor about any additional supplements that you may need.

What are the juices best for breast cancer patients?

Cruciferous vegetable-based juices, i.e. juices that contain vegetables like cabbage, spinach or any other belonging to the family of cruciferous vegetables containing loads of vitamin A.
You may go for any of these juice combinations:
– Orange, carrot, turmeric.
– Green apple, beetroot.
– Beetroot, carrot orange, cucumber.
Make sure to consume freshly prepared juices and not packaged ones. Whole fruits are always better than juices because they include all the fibre content. 

Are eggs permitted for breast cancer patients?

Eggs are rich in powerful antioxidants, lutein and zeaxanthin. It inhibits cancer cell growth in breast cancers. It is good to have an egg a day unless you suffer from any other health conditions and must avoid it.

What food should I take to fight breast cancer naturally?

Berries, broccoli, tomatoes, walnuts, grapes and other coloured and leafy vegetables, fruits and nuts from the list. All plant foods that contain phytochemicals typically comprise foods for fighting your battle against breast cancer naturally.

References

  1. American Cancer Society. What is breast cancer in men? | Male breast cancer. American Cancer Society. n.d. [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer-in-men/about/what-is-breast-cancer-in-men.html 
  2. National Breast Cancer Foundation. Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). National Breast Cancer Foundation. 2020 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/types-of-breast-cancer/ 
  3. Holmes MD, Wang J, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Chen WY. Protein intake and breast cancer survival in the Nurses’ health study. Journal of Clinical Oncology [Internet]. 2017 Jan 20;35(3):325–33 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5456374/ 
  4. Zhou K, Raffoul JJ. Potential anticancer properties of grape antioxidants. Journal of Oncology [Internet]. 2012 Jan 1;2012:1–8 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3420094/ 
  5. Jeong J, An JY, Kwon YT, Rhee JG, Lee YJ. Effects of low dose quercetin: Cancer cell‐specific inhibition of cell cycle progression. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry [Internet]. 2008 Nov 13;106(1):73–82 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2736626/ 
  6. Nandini D, Rao R, Deepak B, Reddy P. Sulforaphane in broccoli: The green chemoprevention!! Role in cancer prevention and therapy. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1;24(2):405 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7802872/ 
  7. Peluso I, Serafini M. Antioxidants from black and green tea: from dietary modulation of oxidative stress to pharmacological mechanisms. British Journal of Pharmacology [Internet]. 2016 Oct 17;174(11):1195–208 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5429329/ 
  8. Islam MdR, Rauf A, Akash S, Trisha SI, Nasim AH, Akter M, et al. Targeted therapies of curcumin focus on its therapeutic benefits in cancers and human health: Molecular signaling pathway-based approaches and future perspectives. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy [Internet]. 2023 Dec 22;170:116034 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332223018322/ 
  9. Allegra A, Tonacci A, Pioggia G, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Anticancer activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L.: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic potentials. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 Jun 10;12(6):1739 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7352773/ 
  10. Shabbeer S, Sobolewski M, Anchoori RK, Kachhap S, Hidalgo M, Jimeno A, et al. Fenugreek: A naturally occurring edible spice as an anticancer agent. Cancer Biology & Therapy [Internet]. 2009 Feb 1;8(3):272–8 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3095649/ 
  11. Shakeri M, Tayer AH, Shakeri H, Jahromi AS, Moradzadeh M, Hojjat-Farsangi M. Toxicity of saffron extracts on cancer and normal cells: A review article. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention [Internet]. 2020 Jul 1;21(7):1867–75 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7573418/ 
  12. Park Y, Brinton LA, Subar AF, Hollenbeck A, Schatzkin A. Dietary fiber intake and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: The National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition [Internet]. 2009 Jul 23;90(3):644–51 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2728649/ 
  13. Brown J. How diet impacts breast cancer risk and outcomes. Breast Cancer Research Foundation [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 June 26]. Available from: https://www.bcrf.org/about-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-diet-nutrition/ 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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Best Home Remedies For Lipoma

Introduction

A lipoma is a round or oval-shaped tissue mass that develops right under the skin. It composed of fat and moves easily when touched and rarely causes any discomfort. Lipomas can form in any body part, although the back, torso (trunk), arms, shoulders and neck are the most common parts. 

Lipomas are slow-growing, soft tissue tumours that are typically benign (non-cancerous). In some cases, they may be mistaken for liposarcomas, which are rare malignant tumours; however, liposarcomas usually present differently and require specialist evaluation2

Most lipomas don’t require treatment unless symptomatic. If a lipoma bothers you, you can consult a doctor and get it operated on. 

What Causes Lipoma?

what is lipoma, Picture

According to healthcare professionals, the exact cause of lipoma development remains unclear. However, they often have a genetic link, if a family member has a lipoma, your risk of developing one is higher. 

Several conditions are also known to be associated with the formation of multiple lipomas, such as: 

Symptoms of Lipoma

Lipomas are usually not painful, although they can be bothersome if they push against a nerve or form near a joint. Many patients with lipomas do not experience any symptoms. Lipomas are typically encapsulated and they do not disseminate to the surrounding tissues. 

Home Remedies for Lipoma

While scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of home treatments for lipomas is limited, some traditional practitioners believe that certain herbs and plant-based ingredients may offer benefits for managing the condition. Below is a list of popular natural remedies to consider but keep in mind that none of these can cure or prevent lipomas. 

1. Include a Diet Rich in Omega-3 Fatty Acids

omega-3

To support your body and reduce inflammation, include healthy fats, especially omega-3 fatty acids, in your meals. These essential fats are known to calm inflammation and promote overall wellness. At high enough levels, omega-3s help reduce inflammatory compounds in the body, such as cytokines and reactive oxygen species, which may play a role in fatty tissue growth. 

Natural sources of omega-3 fatty acids include wild-caught salmon, sardines, flaxseeds, walnuts, chia seeds, and hemp seeds. You can eat them directly or use their oils in cooking or homemade remedies. When used consistently, these nutrient-rich fats can support the body’s natural balance and may help reduce discomfort linked to lipomas5

2. Incorporate Blood Orange to Your Diet

blood orange

Bioactive compounds found in Moro orange extract (found in blood orange) have demonstrated lipolytic effects, meaning they help break down fat cells. Studies6 suggest that these compounds, particularly anthocyanins like cyanidin-3-glucoside, may support the reduction of abdominal fat by enhancing fat metabolism and reducing the accumulation of fat in adipose tissue. This makes Moro orange extract a potential natural aid in managing localized fat deposits, including those seen in conditions like lipomas. 

3. Include Apple Cider Vinegar as a Detox Drink

apple cider vinegar
Image Source: freepik.com

Apple cider vinegar is rich in acetic acid, has been studied for its potential to reduce fat accumulation and support metabolism. Research7 on obese rats and mice suggests that acetic acid may help prevent fat buildup in the body. To gently support your system, consider a daily detox drink that includes apple cider vinegar along with natural ingredients like ginger and raw honey. This combination may aid in overall detoxification and offer subtle support in managing fatty growths like lipomas. 

3. Make Dietary Adjustments

berries

Adjusting your diet may help support the body’s natural balance in individuals with lipomas. Brightly coloured fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants, which may help lower fat levels in the blood and reduce oxidative stress. Prioritise foods like berries, leafy greens, and carrots for their vibrant nutrient content8,9

Focus on eating natural, minimally processed foods to reduce exposure to environmental toxins and synthetic additives. Lastly, reduce alcohol consumption and avoid smoking, as both can negatively impact overall health and potentially worsen fatty tissue imbalances. 

When to Seek Professional Help?

lipoma removal, Picture

Consult a doctor if you notice a skin outgrowth, lump, or knot beneath your skin. It’s critical to get it checked and rule out any dangerous illnesses like liposarcoma (a type of cancer)2.  

If you have a lipoma and experience any symptoms, such as acute discomfort, consult the doctor immediately. In case your lipoma is developing quickly (over weeks), feels firm or doesn’t move as readily when touched, you must seek medical attention. Your physician will physically examine the lipoma to determine the right treatment for it. 

Also Read: Natural Home Remedies for Blood Clots

Conclusion

Lipomas are common and affect millions of individuals. While they can be bothersome or cosmetically unappealing, they rarely lead to serious health problems. Most lipomas don’t require treatment, but it’s important to have them evaluated by a healthcare professional. If a lipoma causes pain or shows rapid growth, be sure to consult your doctor. When removal is necessary, lipomas are typically taken out through minimally invasive surgical procedures. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Where do lipomas usually grow? 

Lipomas can form in any part of the body. Although multiple lipomas can grow, most people only have one. These mostly form just beneath the skin on the following areas:
-Arms or legs
-Back
-Neck
-Shoulders
-Trunk (chest and torso)
-Forehead 

What is the procedure for treating lipomas? 

If a lipoma causes discomfort or concern, the doctor can surgically remove it. Lipoma removal is a simple and quick procedure and in most cases, patients are able to return home the same day. As an alternative, liposuction may be considered. In this procedure, a physician uses a thin, hollow instrument to extract fatty tissue from the lump. The choice of treatment depends on the size, location, and nature of the lipoma, and should be discussed with a qualified medical practitioner. 

Are lipomas prevalent? 

Lipomas are common and affect about one in every 1,000 people. Lipomas more frequently occur in people between the ages of 40 and 60 but can occur at any age, including at birth. Lipomas are found in both men and women, though some studies2 suggest that they are more prevalent in women. 

References

  1. Bhatted S, Verma P, Latika. Clinical management of lipoma with Triphala Kala Basti—A case study. J Indian Syst Med. 2020 Jul–Sep;8(3):225–9. doi:10.4103/JISM.JISM_68_20. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/jism/fulltext/2020/08030/clinical_management_of_lipoma_with_triphala_kala.9.aspx 
  2. Yee EJ, Stewart CL, Clay MR, McCarter MM. Lipoma and Its Doppelganger. Surgical Clinics of North America [Internet]. 2022 Aug [cited 2025 Jun 3];102(4):637–56. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35952693/  
  3. Kasta RK, Pradhan AK, Giri P, Sahoo PK. Ayurveda treatment of nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis through Ksharasutra: A case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2024 Nov-Dec;15(6):101031. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.101031. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11696782/  
  4. Marzyńska D, Żaba R, Lacka K. Lipomas: genetic basis of common skin lesions and their occurrence in rare diseases. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2023 Aug;40(4):481–6. doi: 10.5114/ada.2023.129529. PMID: 37692275; PMCID: PMC10485760. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10485760/
  5. Calder PC. n−3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition [Internet]. 2006 Jun 1 [cited 2025 Jun 3];83(6):1505S1519S. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/83/6/1505S/4633275  
  6. Briskey D, Malfa GA, Rao A. Effectiveness of “Moro” Blood Orange Citrus sinensis Osbeck (Rutaceae) Standardized Extract on Weight Loss in Overweight but Otherwise Healthy Men and Women—A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients [Internet]. 2022 Jan 18 [cited 2025 Jun 3];14(3):427. Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8838101/ 
  7. Beh BK, Mohamad NE, Yeap SK, Ky H, Boo SY, Chua JYH, et al. Anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects of synthetic acetic acid vinegar and Nipa vinegar on high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Scientific Reports [Internet]. 2017 Jul 27 [cited 2025 Jun 3];7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5532206/  
  8. Shmerling RH. Apple cider vinegar for weight loss: Does it really work? Harv Health Blog Staying Healthy. Updated June 15, 2023 [Internet]. Boston (MA): Harvard Health Publishing; [cited 2025 Jun 9]. Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/apple-cider-vinegar-diet-does-it-really-work-2018042513703
  9. Batta AK. OBESITY AND BALANCED NUTRITION. 2016 Aug 12 [cited 2025 Jun 3];2016,(3 (4),):330–40. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314306858_OBESITY_AND_BALANCED_NUTRITION  

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

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