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मशरूम (Mushroom in Hindi) के उपयोग, फ़ायदे, और न्यूट्रिशनल वैल्यू

परिचय:

“बिना मशरूम के खाना बिना बारिश के दिन जैसा होता है”। मशरूम या अगरिकस बिस्पोरस न तो सब्ज़ी है और न ही फल, बल्कि यह खाई जाने वाली एक फंगस है। बाजार में इसकी अलग-अलग किस्में (ताजा व सूखा) उपलब्ध हैं; जिसमे ओएस्टर , पोर्सिनी और बटन सबसे आम किस्में हैं। आमतौर पर, मशरूम में एक तना होता है जो गूदे वाली गोल टोपी से ढका हुआ होता है जिसके नीचे क्लोम (गिल्स) (छतरी जैसे दिखने वाले) होते हैं। इनकी खेती पहली बार जापान और चीन में 600 CE में की गई थी। हालांकि, अब इनकी खेती पूरे साल दुनिया भर में की जाती हैं। भारत में, इसकी व्यापक रूप से खेती हरियाणा, उत्तर प्रदेश, राजस्थान, जम्मू और कश्मीर और हिमाचल प्रदेश जैसे राज्यों में की जाती है और यह आर्थिक रूप से महत्वपूर्ण है। मशरूम में उमामी स्वाद (मांस के जैसा) होता है; इसलिए इन्हें शाकाहारी मांस भी कहा जाता है। मशरूम के अनेक स्वास्थ्य लाभ हैं। आइए हम इसके पोषण और औषधीय मात्रा के बारे में और अधिक जानते है ।1-3

मशरूम में पोषक तत्वों की मात्रा:

मशरूम में प्रोटीन, डाइटरी फ़ाइबर, खनिज और विटामिन (B1, B2, B12, C और E), टेरपेन, क्विनोलोन, स्टेरॉयड, फ्लेवोनोइड्स, एंटीऑक्सिडेंट जैसे कैरोटीनॉयड एवं पॉलिसैकेराइड जैसे बीटा-ग्लूकन, आदि की भरपूर मात्र होती है। नीचे दी गई टेबल में मशरूम के पोषण संबंधी घटकों का उल्लेख किया गया है।

पोषक तत्वप्रति 84 ग्राम में मात्रा
ऊर्जा18.5 किलोकैलोरी
कार्बोहाइड्रेट्स3.2 ग्राम
प्रोटीन2.1 ग्राम 
डाइटरी फ़ाइबर0.8 ग्राम
फ़ैट0.2 ग्राम
पोटैशियम316.0 मिलीग्राम
फॉस्फोरस 87.9 मिलीग्राम
कोलीन17.0 मिलीग्राम
कैल्शियम 6.7 मिलीग्राम
सोडियम5.6 मिलीग्राम
नियासिन3.3 मिलीग्राम
फ़ोलेट19.6 माइक्रोग्राम
सेलिनियम15.1 माइक्रोग्राम

टेबल 1: मशरूम में पोषण मात्रा (सूखे हुए के आधार पर) 4

मशरूम के गुण:

वैज्ञानिक रूप से बताए गए मशरूम के गुणों में शामिल है:

संपूर्ण स्वास्थ्य के लिए मशरूम के संभावित उपयोग:

Sampoorn swasth ke liye Mushroom ke sambhavit upyog:

मशरूम के कुछ संभावित फ़ायदों को नीचे बताया गया है:

कैंसर में मशरूम के संभावित उपयोग 

मशरूम फाइटोकेमिकल्स जैसे ऐल्कलॉइड, फ्लेवोनॉइड्स, फेनोलिक एसिड, कैरोटीनॉयड्स, सेलेनियम, विटामिन, पॉलीसेकेराइड और ग्लूटाथिओन एवं एर्गोथायोनीन जैसे एंटीऑक्सिडेंट से भरा हुआ होता है, जो कैंसर के खतरे को कम कर सकते हैं। जिब्रिल एट अल ने 2021 में एक समीक्षा की, जिसमें उन्होंने कहा कि मशरूम खाने वाले लोगों को मशरूम न खाने वाले लोगों की तुलना में कैंसर होने का जोखिम कम था। यह बताता है कि मशरूम खाने से कैंसर के खतरे को कम करने में मदद मिल सकती है। हालांकि, इस दावे का समर्थन करने वाले वैज्ञानिक प्रमाण सीमित हैं, जिसके लिए हमे अभी और शोध की करने की आवश्यकता है।6

नॉन-एल्कोहॉलिक फ़ैटी लीवर डिजीज़ में मशरूम के संभावित उपयोग

नॉन-एल्कोहॉलिक फ़ैटी लीवर डिजीज़ (NAFLD) बिना किसी मूलभूत हेपेटाइटिस C, एल्कोहॉल के सेवन या दवाओं के 5% से अधिक फैट का संचय होता है। यह सिरोसिस, फाइब्रोसिस और लीवर कैंसर की विशेषता वाले पुराने लीवर रोग में वृद्धि कर सकता है। NAFLD के लिए सूजन और ऑक्सीडेटिव स्ट्रेस प्रमुख जोखिम कारकों में से एक हैं। झांग एट अल ने 2020 में NAFLD पर मशरूम के सेवन के प्रभाव का आकलन करने के लिए एक अध्ययन किया। इस अध्ययन के निष्कर्षों से पता चला है कि ज़्यादा मशरूम खाना NAFLD के कम जोखिम से जुड़ा था, क्योंकि मशरूम में शक्तिशाली एंटीऑक्सिडेंट और सूजनरोधी गुण होते हैं। इस प्रकार, मशरूम खाना NAFLD के जोखिम को कम कर सकता है। हालांकि, इन दावों का पता लगाने के लिए अभी और अधिक अध्ययन किए जाने चाहिए।7

भूलने की बीमारी (अल्ज़ाइमर) के लिए मशरूम के संभावित गुण

भूलने की बीमारी (अल्ज़ाइमर रोग) एक न्यूरोडीजेनेरेटिव रोग है जो न्यूरॉन्स (तंत्रिका तंत्र की कार्यात्मक इकाइयों) की प्रगतिशील क्षति की विशेषता है, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप मनोभ्रंश (डेमेंटिया) और अनुभूति (कॉग्निटिव) में कमी आती है। इन रोगों के रोगजनन में ऑक्सीडेटिव स्ट्रेस एक महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। जिब्रिल एम एट अल ने 2022 में समीक्षा की; तथा उनके निष्कर्षों से संकेत मिलता है कि मशरूम में ग्लूटाथियोन और एर्गोथियोनिन जैसे एंटीऑक्सिडेंट होते हैं, जो मस्तिष्क पर सुरक्षात्मक प्रभाव डालते हैं। इससे पता चलता है कि मशरूम खाना अल्ज़ाइमर जैसी न्यूरोडीजेनेरेटिव बीमारियों को प्रबंधित करने में मदद कर सकता है। हालांकि, इन दावों का समर्थन करने वाले वैज्ञानिक साक्ष्य अभी सीमित हैं, और इन दावों का समर्थन करने के लिए अभी और अधिक नैदानिक ​​अध्ययनों की आवश्यकता है।8

आंत के स्वास्थ्य में मशरूम के संभावित उपयोग

स्वस्थ आंत के लिए फ़ाइबर और अपचने योग्य कार्बोहाइड्रेट से भरपूर आहार महत्वपूर्ण है। हेस एट अल ने 2018 में आंत के स्वास्थ्य पर मशरूम के प्रभाव का आकलन करने के लिए एक अध्ययन किया। इस अध्ययन के निष्कर्ष बताते हैं कि मशरूम के सेवन से लक्सेशन में सुधार हो सकता है और मल आवृत्ति, वज़न में वृद्धि हो सकती है और आंतों के माइक्रोबायोटा को लाभ पहुंच सकता है मशरूम में हाई फ़ाइबर सामग्री बहुतायत प्राप्त करने में मदद करती है और कुछ फाइबर प्रीबायोटिक्स के रूप में भी कार्य कर सकते हैं। यह बताता है कि मशरूम आंत के स्वास्थ्य को बेहतर बनाने में मदद कर सकते हैं, लेकिन अभी हमें इन दावों का समर्थन करने के लिए और अधिक वैज्ञानिक प्रमाणों की आवश्यकता है।9

डायबिटीज़ के लिए मशरूम के संभावित उपयोग

डायबिटीज़ एक मेटाबॉलिक विकार है जो रक्त में ग्लूकोज के स्तर में वृद्धि से होता है। जेलेना एट अल ने 2021 में एक व्यवस्थित समीक्षा की, जिसमें उन्होंने कहा है कि मशरूम में पॉलीसैकेराइड अग्न्याशय (बीटा-कोशिकाओं) की कोशिकाओं की संख्या में वृद्धि करके और ग्लूकोज अवशोषण को बाधित करके डायबिटीज़ विरोधी प्रभाव डालते हैं। अग्न्याशय की बीटा कोशिकाएं इंसुलिन उत्पन्न करती हैं और ग्लूकोज को नियंत्रित करने में मदद कर सकती हैं। इसलिए, मशरूम में डायबिटीज़ को नियंत्रित करने की संभावना होती है। हालांकि, इन दावों का पता लगाने के लिए अभी और अधिक अध्ययन किए जाने चाहिए।10

मशरूम के अन्य संभावित उपयोग:11

हालांकि ऐसे अध्ययन हैं जो अलग-अलग स्थितियों में मशरूम के लाभों को दिखाते हैं, लेकिन ये अपर्याप्त हैं और मानव स्वास्थ्य पर मशरूम के लाभों की सही सीमा स्थापित करने के लिए अभी आगे और अधिक अध्ययन करने की आवश्यकता है।

मशरूम का उपयोग कैसे करे?

कोई भी हर्बल सप्लीमेंट लेने से पहले आपको किसी अच्छे डॉक्टर से सलाह लेनी चाहिए। किसी अच्छे डॉक्टर से परामर्श किए बिना आयुर्वेदिक/हर्बल प्रबन्ध के साथ आधुनिक चिकित्सा के चल रहे उपचार को बंद या प्रतिस्थापित न करें। 

मशरूम के दुष्प्रभाव:

मशरूम खाने से संबंधित कुछ दुष्प्रभाव इस प्रकार हैं:

हालांकि, यदि आप मशरूम के लिए किसी भी दुष्प्रभाव का अनुभव करते हैं, तो आपको इसका सेवन बंद करने की सलाह दी जाती है तथा तुरंत डॉक्टर या अपने आयुर्वेदिक चिकित्सक से संपर्क करें जिसने इसे प्रेसक्राइब्ड किया है। वे आपके लक्षणों के लिए उचित मार्गदर्शन करने में सक्षम होंगे।

मशरूम को खाते समय बरती जाने वाली सावधानियां:

अगर थोड़ी बहुत मात्रा में इसे लिया जाए तो मशरूम खाना हानिकारक नहीं है। वैसे,  निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में सामान्य सावधानियों का पालन किया जाना चाहिए:

अन्य दवाइयों के साथ परस्पर क्रिया:

मशरूम में साइलोसाइबिन, एक साइकेडेलिक यौगिक होता है जो निम्नलिखित दवाओं के साथ परस्पर क्रिया कर सकता है:

इसलिए, आपको हमेशा अपने आयुर्वेदिक चिकित्सक से अन्य दवाओं के साथ मशरूम को खाने की संभावित बातचीत के बारे में सलाह लेनी चाहिए और प्रस्क्रिप्शन का पूरी तरह से पालन करना चाहिए, क्योंकि वे आपकी स्वास्थ्य स्थिति और आपके द्वारा ली जा रही अन्य दवाओं के बारे में जानेंगे।13

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल:

1) मशरूम का वैज्ञानिक नाम क्या है?

मशरूम का वैज्ञानिक नाम एगरिकस बिस्पोरस है।1

2) क्या मशरूम एक प्रकार की सब्ज़ी होती है?

मशरूम या एगरिकस बिस्पोरस न तो सब्ज़ी है और न ही फल, बल्कि खाया जाने वाला एक फंगस है।1

3) क्या मशरूम कब्ज़ ठीक करने में मदद करता है?

हां, मशरूम कब्ज को ठीक करने में मदद कर सकता है; यह प्रभाव उसमे डाइटरी फ़ाइबर की उच्च मात्रा के कारण होता है। वैसे, इन दावों को प्रमाणित करने के लिए अभी और अधिक अध्ययन की आवश्यकता है। इसलिए, कब्ज होने की स्थिति में उचित उपचार के लिए डॉक्टर से परामर्श करने की सलाह दी जाती है।9

4) क्या मशरूम खाने से हड्डियां स्वस्थ्य रहती हैं?

जी हां, मशरूम विटामिन D से भरा हुआ होता है जो हड्डियों को मजबूत बनाता है और कैल्शियम के अवशोषण में भी सहायक होता है। ये विशेषताएं हड्डी के स्वास्थ्य को बेहतर बनाने में मदद कर सकती हैं। वैसे, इसका समर्थन करने वाले वैज्ञानिक प्रमाण अभी सीमित हैं और हमें इन दावों का समर्थन करने के लिए अभी और अधिक अध्ययनों की आवश्यकता है।11

5) मशरूम के अधिक सेवन के क्या दुष्प्रभाव होते हैं?

हेस एट अल (Hess et al.) ने 2018 में एक अध्ययन किया जिसमें उन्होंने दर्शाया कि अधिक मात्रा में मशरूम खाने से पेट का फूलना और उसमे सूजन भी हो सकती है। साथ ही, जहरीली मशरूम प्रजातियों के सेवन के बाद मशरूम विषाक्तता भी हो सकती है।12

References:

  1. Mushrooms – The Nutrition Source. Harvard School of Public Health. [Internet]. December 7, 2022. Available from: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/food-features/mushrooms/ .
  2. Mushrooms – Food Print. Food Print. [Internet]. December 7, 2022. Available from: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/food-features/mushrooms/ .
  3. Mushroom cultivation; farming; planting in India, Agri Farming. Agri Farming. [Internet]. December 7, 2022. Available from: https://www.agrifarming.in/mushroom-cultivation .
  4. Victor L. Fulgoni, IIIcorresponding author and Sanjiv Agarwal. Nutritional impact of adding a serving of mushrooms on usual intakes and nutrient adequacy using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016 data. National Center for Biotechnology Information. [Internet]. December 12, 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7958531/ .
  5. María Elena Valverde, Talía Hernández-Pérez, and Octavio Paredes-López. Edible Mushrooms: Improving Human Health and Promoting Quality Life. National Center for Biotechnology Information. [Internet]. December 20, 2015. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4320875/ .
  6. Djibril M Ba, Paddy Ssentongo, Robert B Beelman, Joshua Muscat, Xiang Gao, and John P Richie, Jr. Higher Mushroom Consumption Is Associated with Lower Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. National Center for Biotechnology Information. [Internet]. March 16, 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8483951/ .
  7. Shunming Zhang , Yeqing Gu , Min Lu , Jingzhu Fu , Qing Zhang , Li Liu , Ge Meng , Zhanxin Yao , Hongmei Wu , Xue Bao , Shaomei Sun , Xing Wang , Ming Zhou , Qiyu Jia , Kun Song , Yuntang Wu and Kaijun Niu. Association between edible mushroom intake and the prevalence of newly diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: results from the Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study in China. Cambridge. [Internet]. October 17, 2019. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/mushroom-intake-and-cognitive-performance-among-us-older-adults-the-national-health-and-nutrition-examination-survey-20112014/C28993998C223626CD7D42C748ACD47B .
  8. Julie Hess, Qi Wang, Trevor Gould, and Joanne Slavin. Impact of Agaricus bisporus Mushroom Consumption on Gut Health Markers in Healthy Adults. National Center for Biotechnology Information. [Internet]. October 2, 2018. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213353/ .
  9. Djibril M. Ba , Xiang Gao Open the ORCID record for Xiang Gao[Opens in a new window] , Laila Al-Shaar , Joshua Muscat , Vernon M. Chinchilli , Paddy Ssentongo , Robert B. Beelman and John Richie. Mushroom intake and cognitive performance among US older adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2014. Cambridge. [Internet]. February 4, 2022. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/mushroom-intake-and-cognitive-performance-among-us-older-adults-the-national-health-and-nutrition-examination-survey-20112014/C28993998C223626CD7D42C748ACD47B .
  10. Jelena Aramabaši´c Jovanovi´c *, Mirjana Mihailovi´c, Aleksandra Uskokovi´c, Nevena Grdovi´c, Svetlana Dini´c and Melita Vidakovi´c. The Effects of Major Mushroom Bioactive Compounds on Mechanisms That Control Blood Glucose Level. National Center for Biotechnology Information. [Internet]. January 16, 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7830770/pdf/jof-07-00058.pdf .
  11. HEALTH BENEFITS OF MUSHROOM. Narayana Health. [Internet]. May 2, 2022. Available from: https://www.narayanahealth.org/blog/health-benefits-of-mushroom/ .
  12. Huu H. Tran; Andrew L. Juergens. Mushroom Toxicity. National Center for Biotechnology Information. [Internet]. February 5, 2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537111/ .
  13. Psilocybin – Uses, Side Effects, and More. WebMD. [Internet]. December 9, 2022. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1654/psilocybin#:~:text=and%20Warnings&text=under%20medical%20supervision.-,Single%20doses%20of%20psilocybin%20have%20been%20used%20in%20controlled%20settings,pressure%2C%20nausea%2C%20and%20paranoia .

Disclaimer: 
The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Mushroom (Khumbi): Uses, Benefits, Side effects By Dr. Smita Barode

Introduction: 

“A meal without mushrooms is like a day without rain”. Mushrooms or Agaricus bisporus is neither a vegetable nor fruit, instead a type of edible fungus. There are different varieties (fresh and dry) available in the market; oyster, porcini and button being the most common. Generally, mushrooms have a stem covered with a fleshy rounded cap with gills underneath (umbrella-like appearance). They were first cultivated in Japan and China in 600 CE. Although, now they are cultivated across the globe all year round. In India, it is widely cultivated and is economically important in states like Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. Mushrooms have an umami flavour (similar to meat); thus, they’re also called vegetarian meat. The health benefits of mushrooms are innumerable. Let us learn more about their nutritional and medicinal value.1-3 

Nutritional Value of Mushrooms: 

Mushrooms are packed with the goodness of protein, dietary fibre, minerals and vitamins (B1, B2, B12, C and E), terpenes, quinolones, steroids, flavonoids, antioxidants like carotenoids and polysaccharides like beta-glucan, etc.  The nutritional components of mushrooms are mentioned in the table below.  

Nutritional components Value per 84 g 
Energy 18.5 kcal 
Carbohydrates 3.2 g 
Protein 2.1 g 
Dietary fibre 0.8 g 
Fats 0.2 g 
Potassium 316.0 mg 
Phosphorus  87.9 mg 
Choline 17.0 mg 
Calcium 6.7 mg 
Sodium 5.6 mg 
Niacin 3.3 mg 
Folate 19.6 μg 
Selenium 15.1 μg 

Table 1: Nutritional value of mushroom (dry basis)4 

Blood pressure issues and sodium consumption frequently coexist. Researchers believe that blood pressure might rise because sodium tends to make the body retain more fluid. I recommend considering adding mushrooms to your meals to cut back on your salt consumption. The sodium content of mushrooms is naturally low. They have a savoury flavour, so you don’t need to add as much salt to maintain healthy blood pressure.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD

Properties of Mushrooms: 

Scientifically proven properties of mushrooms include: 

From my knowledge, the nutrients in mushrooms, such as selenium, vitamin D and B6 may help maintain a healthy immune system. Selenium may help your body produce antioxidant enzymes that cope with cell damage. Vitamin D may promote immunological health, lower inflammation, and make cells thrive. Vitamin B6 may aid in the formation of proteins, DNA, and red blood cells in your body.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Potential Uses of Mushroom for Overall Health: 

Some of the potential benefits of mushroom are described as follows: 

Potential uses of mushroom in cancer  

Mushrooms (Khumbi) are rich in phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, selenium, vitamins, polysaccharides and antioxidants like glutathione and ergothioneine, which may reduce the risk of cancers. Djibril et al. conducted a review in 2021, which stated that people consuming mushrooms were at a lower risk of developing cancers than the non-consumers. This indicates that consuming mushrooms may help reduce the risk of cancers. However, scientific evidence supporting this claim is limited, which requires further research.6 

Potential uses of mushroom in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the accumulation of more than 5% fat in the liver without any underlying hepatitis C, alcohol consumption or medications. It may progress to a chronic liver disease characterized by cirrhosis, fibrosis and hepatic cancers. Inflammation and oxidative stress are the major risk factors for NAFLD. Zhang et al. conducted a study in 2020 to assess the effect of mushroom intake on NAFLD. The findings of this study showed that a high intake of mushrooms was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD due to the presence of potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties of mushrooms. Thus, the consumption of mushrooms may reduce the risk of NAFLD. However, more studies should be conducted to ascertain these claims.7 

Potential uses of mushroom on Alzheimer’s disease 

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive damage of neurons (functional units of the nervous system), which results in dementia and a decrease in cognition. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Djibril M et al. conducted a review in 2022; the findings indicated that mushroom contains antioxidants like glutathione and ergothioneine, which have a protective effect on brain. This suggests that consuming mushrooms may help manage neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. However, scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited, and that warrants the need for more clinical studies to support these claims.8 

Potential uses of mushroom in gut health 

A diet rich in fibre and non-digestible carbohydrates is important for a healthy gut. Hess et al. conducted a study in 2018 to assess the effect of mushrooms on gut health. The findings of this study show that the consumption of mushrooms may improve laxation and increase stool frequency, weight, and may benefit gut microbiota. High fibre content in mushroom helps achieve satiety and some fibres can also act as prebiotics. This indicates that mushrooms may help improve gut health, but we need more scientific evidence to support these claims.9 

Potential uses of mushroom for diabetes 

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by increased glucose levels in the blood. Jelena et al. conducted a systematic review in 2021, which states that the polysaccharides in mushrooms exert an anti-diabetic effect by increasing number of cells of pancreas (beta-cells) and inhibiting glucose absorption. Beta cells of pancreas produce insulin and may help in controlling glucose. Therefore, mushrooms may have the potential to manage diabetes. However, more studies should be conducted to ascertain these claims.10 

Researchers have found that mushrooms may significantly help in weight reduction when combined with physical activity and other lifestyle modifications, such as opting for a healthy diet. In my opinion, mushrooms are rich in antioxidants that may lower the incidence of hypertension and other metabolic diseases such as obesity.

Dr. Smita barode, BAMS

Other potential uses of mushroom:11 

Though there are studies that show the benefits of mushroom in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of mushroom on human health.  

How to Use Mushrooms? 

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.   

Also Read: Benefits of Mushroom Coffee: A Complete Research-Based Guide

Side Effects of Mushroom: 

Few side effects related to the consumption of mushroom include: 

However, if you experience any adverse reactions to mushroom, it is advised to discontinue its intake and immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms. 

Precautions to take with Mushroom: 

Eating mushrooms is not harmful if taken in moderate amounts. However, general precautions must be followed in the following conditions: 

Interactions with Other Drugs: 

Mushrooms contain psilocybin, a psychedelic compound which may interact with the following drugs: 

 Therefore, you must always seek the advice of your Ayurvedic physician about the possible interaction of mushroom with other drugs and follow the prescription thoroughly, as they will know your health condition and other medications you are taking.13 

Frequently Asked Questions: 

1) What is the scientific name of mushroom? 

The scientific name of mushroom is Agaricus bisporus.1 

2) Is mushroom (Khumbi) a vegetable? 

Mushrooms or Agaricus bisporus is neither a vegetable nor fruit, instead a type of edible fungus.1 

3) Can mushroom help in managing constipation?  

Yes, mushroom may help manage constipation; this effect is attributed to a high content of dietary fibre in them. However, more studies are needed to support these claims. Therefore, it is advised to consult a doctor for a proper treatment in case you have constipation.9 

4) Can consumption of mushroom improve bone health? 

Yes, mushrooms are rich in Vitamin D which makes the bones strong and aids in calcium absorption. These features may help improve bone health. However, scientific evidence supporting this is limited and we need more studies to support these claims.11 

5) What are the side effects of mushroom consumption in excess? 

Hess et al. conducted a study in 2018 which showed that consuming mushrooms in excess can result in flatulence and bloating. Also, mushroom poisoning following the consumption of poisonous mushroom species can occur.12 

References: 

  1. Mushrooms (2022) The Nutrition Source. Available at: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/food-features/mushrooms/ (Accessed: December 7, 2022).  
  1. Mushrooms (2019) FoodPrint. Available at: https://foodprint.org/real-food/mushrooms/ (Accessed: December 7, 2022).  
  1. Mushroom cultivation; farming; planting in India, Agri Farming. Available at: https://www.agrifarming.in/mushroom-cultivation (Accessed: December 7, 2022).  
  1. Fulgoni, Victor L 3rd, and Sanjiv Agarwal. “Nutritional impact of adding a serving of mushrooms on usual intakes and nutrient adequacy using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016 data.” Food science & nutrition vol. 9,3 1504-1511. 12 Jan. 2021, doi:10.1002/fsn3.2120. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7958531/ 
  1. Valverde, María Elena et al. “Edible mushrooms: improving human health and promoting quality life.” International journal of microbiology vol. 2015 (2015): 376387. doi:10.1155/2015/376387. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4320875/ 
  1. Ba, Djibril M et al. “Higher Mushroom Consumption Is Associated with Lower Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.” Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) vol. 12,5 (2021): 1691-1704. doi:10.1093/advances/nmab015. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8483951/ 
  1. Zhang, Shunming et al. “Association between edible mushroom intake and the prevalence of newly diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: results from the Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health Cohort Study in China.” The British journal of nutrition vol. 123,1 (2020): 104-112. doi:10.1017/S0007114519002605. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/association-between-edible-mushroom-intake-and-the-prevalence-of-newly-diagnosed-nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-results-from-the-tianjin-chronic-lowgrade-systemic-inflammation-and-health-cohort-study-in-china/41408B18659A8BB5E903800398C8D8D6 
  1. Ba, Djibril M et al. “Mushroom intake and cognitive performance among US older adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2014.” The British journal of nutrition, vol. 128,11 1-8. 4 Feb. 2022, doi:10.1017/S0007114521005195. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/mushroom-intake-and-cognitive-performance-among-us-older-adults-the-national-health-and-nutrition-examination-survey-20112014/C28993998C223626CD7D42C748ACD47B 
  1. Hess, Julie et al. “Impact of Agaricus bisporus Mushroom Consumption on Gut Health Markers in Healthy Adults.” Nutrients vol. 10,10 1402. 2 Oct. 2018, doi:10.3390/nu10101402. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213353/ 
  1. Aramabašić Jovanović, Jelena et al. “The Effects of Major Mushroom Bioactive Compounds on Mechanisms That Control Blood Glucose Level.” Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) vol. 7,1 58. 16 Jan. 2021, doi:10.3390/jof7010058. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7830770/pdf/jof-07-00058.pdf 
  1. Health, written by N. (2022) Health benefits of Mushroom, Narayana Health Care. Available at: https://www.narayanahealth.org/blog/health-benefits-of-mushroom/ (Accessed: December 7, 2022).  
  1. Tran HH, Juergens AL. Mushroom Toxicity. [Updated 2022 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537111/ 
  1. Psilocybin: Overview, uses, side effects, precautions, interactions, dosing and reviews  WebMD. WebMD. Available at: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1654/psilocybin (Accessed: December 9, 2022).  

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Mushrooms: Health Benefits, Nutritional Value And Uses

”No, mushrooms, please!! ” ”Please remove mushroom from my plate”; haven’t we heard these statements from many of us! But there are many benefits of this tiny umbrella-like fungi after which you might think of considering it as a part of your daily meal.

Fun Fact: Portabello, button, and white mushrooms are all the identical mushrooms at different levels of maturity.

Mushrooms are nothing but edible fungus that is now being extensively studied and used for their health benefits. There are many types of mushrooms available, some of them are edible and some are not edible, and maybe poisonous too. Some edible mushrooms commonly available in the market are button, oyster, porcini etc. 

In this article, we will cover the health benefits and nutritional value of mushrooms. We will also learn how to use mushrooms in your dishes.

Did you know?

  • Mushrooms contain bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and phenolic compounds, which have various health benefits. source: PMC
  • Mushrooms are a natural source of vitamin D, which is important for bone health. source: PMC
  • Mushrooms contain ergothioneine, a unique nutrient important for human health. source: National Center for Biotechnology Information

Nutritional Value of Mushrooms

Mushrooms are a rich source of a group of various antioxidants including Vitamin C, selenium, glutathione, and choline. It is also an excellent source of protein, fiber, and vitamin D.

The nutritional value of all types of mushrooms remains more or less the same. 

1 cup of raw button mushrooms (approximately 70 grams) provides:

Mushrooms are highly nutritious and packed with nutrients like carbohydrates and probiotics like xylans, chitin, hemicellulose, etc. Therefore, mushrooms might be beneficial for maintaining digestive health by stimulating the growth of good microorganisms in the digestive tract.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD

Health Benefits of Mushrooms

1: Rich in Immune-Boosting Nutrients:

Mushrooms are rich in antioxidants like selenium, vitamin C and choline. Along with antioxidants, mushrooms also contain protein, B-complex vitamins, and fiber. All these nutrients together help prevent cell and tissue damage and thus support our immune system.

2: Vegetarian Source of Vitamin D:

Corona pandemic has made us well aware of the importance of this one nutrient – Vitamin D. Vitamin D was always known for its bones and joint role, but new research shows that vitamin d can play a very important role in avoiding COVID related deaths by not allowing coronavirus to enter our respiratory tract and protecting like a true warrior. White button mushrooms are commonly consumed mushrooms all over the world. Mushrooms contain a ”provitamin” called ergosterol that after exposure to sunlight gets converted to Vitamin D. They are grown right under the sunlight and hence this helps in increasing their Vitamin D concentration while growing. 

3: May Help Prevent Cancers:

Mushrooms have a rich profile of antioxidants and B-complex vitamins. These nutrients are being studied to protect our cells from damage and also may inhibit tumor formation. Due to this mechanism, it may help prevent lung, breast, prostate, and other types of cancer development, as per the National Cancer Institute. 

4: Could Improve Heart Health:

Beta-Glucan is a soluble fiber that is commonly found in mushrooms. This soluble fiber is strongly linked with lowering cholesterol levels and improving heart health. Also practically, mushrooms can be easily replaced with salt because of the presence of glutamate ribonucleotides. These compounds are responsible for the salty, umami taste of mushrooms. Thus, this function can also have a positive impact on your blood pressure and may reduce the risk of heart disease. Antioxidants, low in calories, and Vitamin D are some of the added benefits to improve your heart’s overall health.

5: Might Help Lose Weight

We now know that mushrooms are low in calories, providing merely 19 kcal per 1 cup. But, did you know, it got a job in helping to lose weight. Being a source of protein and fiber, mushrooms can be a part of your diet food. Studies have also shown that mushrooms can help regulate blood sugar levels and thus helps to burn fat tremendously. B-complex vitamins will also provide you energy to perform longer workouts.

6: Can Help to Prevent Wrinkles:

Mushrooms are high in antioxidants like glutathione, Vitamin C, and selenium. These antioxidants are studied to help work against the signs of aging, especially wrinkles.

There are many types of edible mushrooms. Among them, a mushroom known as Fomitopsis officinalis might act as an insulin sensitizer when patients undergo glucose tolerance tests and might regulate increased blood sugar levels.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Uses of Mushrooms

Wide varieties of mushrooms are used extensively used throughout the world. It is known as the ”meat” of the vegetarian world, after paneer. Small varieties of mushrooms are usually used in soups or curries, it gives an umami taste to it and also helps thicken the curry or soup. It provides perfect creaminess to the low-calorie dishes like veg. au gratin, soups, curries, or salad dressing. 

Mushrooms taste beautiful when combined with eggs and few spices. Try making egg mushroom scramble on mushroom egg on toast. The grilling or sautéing of mushroom holds its nutritional properties intact as compared to frying them. 

Before preparing the mushrooms, make sure you wash them thoroughly with cold water and wipe them out. Cleaning the mushrooms with a little bit of Maida and cold water can help remove all the dirt in no time.

Always store them in a refrigerator to retain their freshness and for longer shelf life.

Recipes using mushrooms

Mushrooms are high in protein and delicious to eat, having a meaty texture. Here are some popular recipes you can create with mushrooms:

Garlic mushrooms:

Can be served as a side to chicken roast or beef steak.

Ingredients:

Preparation:

Stuffed mushrooms:

Can be eaten alone or as a side to main courses of chicken, rice or pasta.

Ingredients:

Preparation:

Also Read: Are Oysters Good For You? A Research-Based Nutrition Guide

Take Away Message:

Mushrooms are quite versatile and they can be enjoyed either raw or cooked depending on their variety. Every variety of mushrooms has a rich antioxidant profile, excellent vegetarian source of Vitamin D, and also contains protein and fibre. Regular consumption of mushrooms can help lower cholesterol, aids weight loss, might protect against cancers, and helps with healthy skin ageing. Avoid ”wild – mushrooms” as they might be toxic, but go for firm, dry and white-coloured mushrooms instead. Try replacing high in calories ingredients like maida, or butter with mushrooms and enjoy the same creaminess but with lesser calories.

Read more about 12 Wonderful Health Benefits of Bhringraj Oil

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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