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‘XE’ Variant Of Covid-19 And Here Is What We Need To Know

It has been more than two years since we have faced the challenge brought by COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. From 2020 till this day, we have faced and overcome some of the major hurdles with the help of the frontline healthcare workers and our determination to maintain precautions to stop the spread. The ability of this virus to mutate showed us some powerful variants like Omicron and Delta, which we have overcome in the 1st and 2nd waves.

How is XE different from Omicron?

 ‘XE’ is not a new covid variant, but is classified under Omicron itself, which caused the third wave of Covid-19 this winter. Omicron has sublineages like BA.1, BA. 2 and a few more. The new covid virus- XE is a recombinant of BA.1 and BA.2 sublineages of the Omicron variant

What is the difference between a recombinant and a variant?

A variant is a new mutated (changed) version of the previous virus. It is the natural tendency of viruses to change as they evolve. In the case of SARS CoV-2, we have come across a number of variants so far- alpha, beta, delta, Omicron and many others. A variant can come up with the change in its properties in terms of- disease severity, rate of spread and the effectiveness of existing vaccines and medications. 

 A recombinant virus is a combination of two previously existing strains. It can be produced naturally or by combining pieces of DNA using recombinant DNA technology in a lab.

In the case of the SARs-CoV-2 virus, the recombinant strain shares the genetic material of two strains, which in the case of circulating hybrid variants are the BA.1 and BA.2 subtypes of Omicron variant. Given that both the sub-lineages of the Omicron variant were highly transmissible and concerning, experts around the world are keeping a close eye on the emerging recombinants.

The XE recombinant, which is a combination of BA.1 and BA.2 Omicron sublineage, was first detected in the UK on January 19 and more than 600 sequences have been reported and confirmed so far, as per the UK Health Security Agency report. It contains the spike and structural proteins from BA.2 but comprises a fifth of the genome of BA.1.

While variants continue to evolve, the prognosis of COVID-19 largely depends on various factors, including the patient’s age, the severity of illness at presentation, pre-existing conditions, how quickly treatment can be implemented, and response to treatment.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD

How transmissible is XE?

In an April 5 report, WHO also stated that as part of the Omicron variant, the XE recombinant was being tracked. According to preliminary estimates, XE has a community growth rate advantage of 1.1 (or a 10 percent transmission advantage) over BA.2. and not 10 times the previous strain. This, however, is yet to be fully confirmed.

The WHO states in the report, ”The SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to evolve. Given the current high level of transmission worldwide, it is likely that further variants, including recombinants, will continue to emerge. Recombination is common among coronaviruses and is regarded as an expected mutational event.”

COVID strain symptoms due to XE

Possible symptoms of Omicron XE:

What can we do to keep ourselves safe?

While it is important to maintain hygiene, several precautionary measures can be taken:

How effective are the existing vaccines against XE?

According to expert opinion, the existing COVID-19 vaccines are effective and everyone must get vaccinated. Precaution dose is now available for everyone above 18 years of age and one must take the booster as and when eligible. There is no reason to panic at this stage but it is important to follow Covid’s appropriate behaviour and reduce our risk of getting exposed to the virus. As advised by the health ministry of India, people who have taken both doses of their vaccination must wait for 9 months before taking the booster shot, which is being hailed as a preventive vaccine shot. Studies conducted in the lab and in the real world show that full vaccination plus a booster shot provide stronger protection against infection with Omicron and its sub-variants.

Thus, although most of our hardships seem over, we must continue maintaining precautions as much as we can to completely flatten the curve and eradicate the infections that are still prevalent in the country. With all our efforts together, we will be able to achieve this soon.

Disclaimer: The information included on this site is for educational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional. Because of unique individual needs, the reader should consult their physician to determine the appropriateness of the information for the reader’s situation.

How To Spot Fake Remdesivir? 8 Signs To Watch Out for!

As COVID-19 spreads rapidly, more people are seeking treatments and more people are requesting certain injections or drugs. Remdesivir is one of such drugs that doctors are prescribing on a case-by-case basis to patients with severe illnesses.   While the production has almost doubled, there is still a shortage of this medicine in the market.   The demand for the drug has caused the market to flood with counterfeit products. Hetero Labs holds a 33% market share (13 lakh vials per month) in terms of production, the majority of fake Remdesivir released in the market imitate their packaging.  

Let’s know a little more about the much-talked-about medicine Remdesivir! Remdesivir was developed primarily to treat Hepatitis C but was also proven effective against Ebola in 2014. There has been using of the drug since then for the treatment of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The COVID-19 coronavirus belongs to this family of viruses that cause MERS and SARS. Remdesivir is an antiviral medicine meant for curing infected cells and preventing viral replication.

Why Remdesivir is Being Counterfeited and How to Spot A Fake Remdesivir?

The number of COVID-19 cases in India is on an alarming rise under the second wave of the novel coronavirus. It is unfortunate in this circumstance that a lifesaving drug-like Remdesivir is getting counterfeited when the country is facing one of the worst crises in history. The two main factors behind the emergence of Remdesivir counterfeits are black marketing and hoarding.

The second wave of Covid-19 has seen the gravity of the infection increase at a disturbing rate. In such circumstances, Remdesivir is a life-saver drug that can increase the survival rates of the infected. However, the demand for the medicine is much higher than its supply. Such is the demand for the drug that it is being black marketed at triple the price – normally priced between Rs 899 and Rs 5400 for a vial, Remdesivir is currently being sold illegally at higher rates of over Rs 20,000.

Hoarding also creates a supply-demand gap. Two sections of people have been making efforts to get hold of the vials of Remdesivir. One section is people who are urgently and genuinely in need of the medicine for the Covid-19 treatment of their loved ones who are in the hospital. The other section is the people who don’t have COVID-19 symptoms and are hoarding the medicine as they are in fear of it running out in case they need it.

Though COVID-19 vaccine distribution has started, the demand for Remdesivir will keep rising, as the current infection rates supersede the vaccination rates. So, it is essential to ensure that you are in receipt of the real medicine. The fake and real Remdesivir might look similar, but you will find more differences upon closer inspection. Thus, you need to know about the points of difference between the packaging of the real and fake vials. 

There are eight significant differences that you should watch out for and they are discussed here:

  1. Mention of The Symbol Rx on the Packaging: The symbol Rx comes from the Latin word “Recipere”. It is the symbolic representation of a medical prescription. Rx drugs cannot be sold over-the-counter. Due to this reason, the packaging of fake Remdesivir will not have the term Rx printed on it.
  2. Missing Manufacturer Logo: As of May 2021, the only producers of the medicine in India include Hetero Labs, Cipla, Zydus Cadila, Mylan Labs, Dr Reddy’s Labs, Syngene International and Jubilant Ingrevia (part of Jubilant Life Sciences). All original products will have a credible logo, along with the name of the producer.
  3. Incorrect Name on the Packaging: The original Hetero Labs Remdesivir has the name “COVIFOR”. Fake Remdesivir gets distributed under the name “COVIPRI”, a pseudo name that has been fashioned after the original. 
  4. Mention of â„¢ on the Vials: Real vials of Remdesivir have the â„¢ symbol, which stands for ‘Trademark’. It exclusively identifies the drug as belonging to a particular company and identifies the company’s ownership of the brand. Any original packaging of the medicine will have the term â„¢ on it.
  5. Warning Label and Declaration: Remdesivir from Gilead Sciences Inc. became the first drug to get the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) formal clearance for treating Coronavirus back in October 2020. The warning label on the packaging by Hetero has the declaration “COVIFOR is manufactured under the license from Gilead Sciences, Inc”. The original warning label is in red, which is the brand colour for Hetero. In the fake one, there is no such warning and the label has a black colour.
  6. Several Errors in Capitalisation: The fake packaging of Remdesivir comes with many errors in capitalisation. Here’s outlining the most prominent three of them:
  1. Alignment Errors in the Brand Name: You will also find an alignment error in the brand name of the fake Remdesivir. The fake injection has more gaps in the brand name than the actual one.
  2. Telangana Has A Wrong Spelling: There is another major spelling error in the full address on the package of the counterfeit Remdesivir injection. The state Telangana is written as ‘Telagana’.

These eight signs should sufficiently alert you about whether you have the original product or not. 

Wrapping Up

As mentioned earlier, until the covid-19 vaccine gets completely distributed, the demand for drugs like Remdesivir will keep increasing. The government has taken some measures to stop the widespread sale of the drug on the black market. For instance, the Remdesivir supply protocol has changed in states like Tamil Nadu, where the hospitals need to source such necessary drugs and not the patients. In case of an emergency, remember the points mentioned above and do not buy drugs from unverified medical suppliers. We are living in an unforeseen situation, so you need to take more care of yourself and beware of such drugs.

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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Is It Advisable To Wear A Face Mask While Running Outdoors?

The rapid spike in the COVID-19 cases has made us more conscious about our health. People around the globe are taking precautionary steps to avoid themselves from getting infected from COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2). But those people who are eager to get back to fitness are sure to ask this most important question; shall I exercise with a face mask on?  

While social distancing and maintaining good health and hygiene is necessary; wearing a mask has been made compulsory in almost every public place. If you run outdoors, remember the importance of social distancing and avoiding others. It is essential to maintain at least 10 to 12 feet of separation during a run, because you’re breathing heavily as you work out. Runners’ “breath cloud” may contain more of the virus. (wearing a face mask protects us and others from droplet spread, even from asymptomatic spread).

Should I wear a Face Mask while running?  

You should wear a face mask when you’re running in an area where social distancing is hard to maintain. If you’re going to be passing people in and out of crowds, you’ll want to wear a mask. Keep in mind that wearing a face mask is not a substitute for physical distancing.

But if you’re running alone in your neighbourhood where you occasionally see another runner or a walker, it’s likely that you don’t need to wear a face covering. Instead, be mindful about crossing the street to avoid getting too close or give the other person at least six feet while passing.

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How will the face mask affect my run?

Running or jogging with a face mask is going to decrease your airflow, making it a little harder to breathe. It won’t  decrease your oxygen or retain carbon dioxide, but it will probably impact your performance or pace.

This means that you might have a harder time catching your breath if you’re running with a face mask. You might also feel more fatigued quicker than you normally would, even if you’re in pretty good shape, you might need to modify the intensity of your run.

It is most important that you should monitor how you feel or if you’re having any unusual symptoms.  

It is safe to wear a mask while exercising for most people. However, if you have a chronic lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mesothelioma, or pulmonary hypertension, talk with your doctor before attempting any physical activity while wearing a mask.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj – M.B.B.S, M.D.

Be on the lookout for:  

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If you’re experiencing any difficulty, find a safe place off the trail or out of the way to distance yourself from others and remove your mask. Sit down or walk until you catch your breath and feel better. If you continue to experience any difficulty, call your doctor immediately.

Criteria to look for in a running mask

Running in a mask presents you with an unpleasant sensation of a damp piece of fabric rubbing against your face. A sweaty or wet mask is going to be less effective at filtering, breathing and more uncomfortable.

Look for workout masks that are made with a moisture-wicking fabric but be mindful that it’s not too thick or restrictive. Most running specific face masks come as a traditional shaped mask with strings or elastic that goes around your head.

It’s also important to keep your running mask clean and remember when wearing a mask, always wash your hands or use hand sanitizer before removing it. A properly fitted mask will reduce the need for you to fuss around with it and touch your face.

When wearing a mask, remember the following points:

  1. Do not touch the mask.
  2. Dispose of single-use masks after use and wash reusable masks regularly.
  3. Ensure your mask is well fitted, so exhaled air does not reach your eyes.

The CDC recommends not wearing a mask during high intensity activities like running if it causes breathing difficulty. Also it noted that as aerobic activity increases, wearing a mask while running can affect airflow and may increase your perceived workload and heart rate.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD

If you are concerned about your health and do not want to work-out with mask outdoors, then here are a few tips that you must keep in mind –

1. Underlying health condition: If you are suffering from some underlying health conditions like asthma, diabetes, or heart disease, it is highly not recommended to wear a mask during exercise.

2. Do not push your limit: Do not go overboard when exercising. If you start feeling weak or tired, then stop immediately.

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3. The next best thing is to simply listen to your body – If you experience light-headedness, dizziness, extreme shortness of breath or numbness, you need to sit down and take a break.

4. Pick times and routes that are less likely to be busy. Try running earlier in the morning or during your lunch break to avoid the crowds. Also, try to avoid running in a busy park or sidewalk. This will allow you more open space, a change of scenery and less frustration trying to dodge others.

5. Don’t run directly behind anyone: Whether you are running with a mask on or off, it is best to avoid running directly behind anyone even if you are more than 6 feet away. Since you will be running into the person’s slipstream it is more likely for you to come into contact with their exhaled air and droplets. For those practising in a group, it is recommended that everyone in the group wears a mask and maintains enough distance from each other.  

Conclusion:  

To conclude, it is better to indulge in low-intensity exercises such as walking, brisk walking or slow jogging as it will put less strain on their breathing. So, keep following the regular guidelines & stay safe.  

Obviously, it is better for you and everyone around you if more people are vaccinated. Vaccinations lower your risk of severe symptoms, hospitalisation and death. They may help to cut down on the spread of Covid-19 and it is our only hope for getting out of this pandemic finally. Get vaccinated as soon as you can if you are eligible.  

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What Are The Things You Can’t Do Even After Vaccination?

After the 1st phase of COVID vaccination, the 2nd phase has started and already lakhs of people over the age of 60 as well as people over 45 years or above who have comorbidities have been vaccinated.

Soon, the next phase too will start where individuals above 18 – 44 years of age will be entitled to the vaccine. Vaccination is continuing uninterrupted and this has come as a breath of fresh air to everyone after a terrible year of pain, loss, grief and anxiety. In this context you may be asking, will I be able to return to the old norm after getting vaccinated? Can I stop taking the precautions of COVID-19? 

That is why we should discuss what you can or cannot do and the precautions after vaccination that you need to know of.

How safe will you be after getting the vaccine?

Even though most of the vaccines that are being administered across the globe have undergone multiple trials and have been found to be effective in the trial phases and found to be efficacious, there are further studies ongoing to determine the long term effectiveness of the antibodies produced within the body by the Covid-19 vaccine. But for now, we can all take heart in the fact that the vaccines will help us fight off the coronavirus.

According to research, if you’ve been properly vaccinated and are past the 14-day window after receiving your vaccine, you should be safe. But that doesn’t rule out the possibility of spreading the virus to others.

Most youngsters who have received COVID-19 have done quite well. The viruses have also made some children quite unwell. That is why individuals and families should consider their options thoroughly before deciding to physically interact with others. Vaccinated persons are unlikely to infect others but the risk still exists. 

Can we do any of the following?

With that in mind, let us look at which of these activities will be permissible.

1. Can I visit my loved ones?

If all of you have been vaccinated then small gatherings can be permitted. However, you must continue taking all precautions like the use of face cover or masks, hand sanitization and maintain social distancing.

But if your loved ones haven’t been vaccinated, avoid visiting them for their own good. You will not come to any harm, but you could be a carrier of COVID and pass it on to your family members or friends.

2. Can I go to restaurants, movie theatres, gyms, cafes or pubs?

After vaccination, you will be safer in public places. Even so, you have to continue wearing masks, follow social distancing and avoid going to large-sized gatherings for two reasons:

3. Will I finally be able to go on a vacation?

After vaccination, you can go on a small local vacation when you know that more or less everyone in that state is vaccinated. Local safe travels are possible. But planning an international holiday may be unwise because new COVID strains are originating and there is a possibility that our vaccines may not be effective against those. 

4. Can I travel by public transport?

Yes, you can travel by public transport if you are wearing your mask correctly, if there is proper airflow from ventilation systems, and minimal talking between passengers. The transmission chances appear to be low if you avoid touching surfaces and too much crowd. As a part of returning to normal, public transportation is likely safe with COVID-19 safety precautions in mind.

5. Can fully vaccinated people do away with masks?

People who are fully vaccinated must continue to wear masks when outdoors. There are people who haven’t got both doses of the vaccine yet and can potentially spread the infection. Thus, taking all necessary precautions to prevent COVID-19 is the best way to ensure complete safety.

6.  Do I need to get tested if I am exposed even if I am fully vaccinated? 

Yes, if you’ve been around someone who has COVID-19, you must get tested. People who are fully vaccinated should get tested three to five days after a potential exposure, even if they don’t have symptoms. COVID-19 vaccines are good at protecting people from getting seriously ill, but vaccinated people can still get infected with the delta variant and spread it to others.

What should you do after vaccination?

Here are a few precautions of COVID-19 that all responsible citizens should follow even after vaccination:

It is impossible to say whether the ‘old norm’ will ever be back again. But did you know that wearing masks and sanitization can keep you safe from the coronavirus and its other variants as well. So let us all continue to maintain hygiene protocol.

other variants as well. So let us all continue to maintain hygiene protocol.

Side effects

Minor side effects may be possible after vaccination. Some side effects of vaccines are typical and expected after vaccination. Side effects indicate your body’s development of immunological defences.

 The following are some of the most common COVID-19 vaccination adverse effects:

● Pain, swelling, and redness on the arm where the vaccine was given

● Chills or a low-grade fever

● Tiredness

● Headaches

● Muscle discomfort or joint pain

These adverse effects usually subside within a few days.

Know your current health status with full body checkups.

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

The Fourth Wave – When Is It Coming And What Can We Expect?

Introduction 

Towards the beginning of 2022, India has steadily been increasing the number of vaccinations it is deploying, with around 70% of the population having received at least 1 dose. As time goes by, we have heard time and again that the virus (like all viruses) will evolve and lead to possible new variants.

During the pandemic, countries around the world have seen surges in cases and deaths during certain periods, these are typically called waves. Omicron was the cause of the third wave in India and overtook most previous variants to become the dominant strain. Now the question remains, when is the fourth wave coming?

A wave can also be referred to in some cases as a surge or outbreak. Covid has many waves due to mutations in virus which is evolving at a faster rate than any other virus seen before. Waves can improve dramatically by reaching levels of immunity in human populations with immunisation. Unlikely there will be a 4th wave.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD

What experts say about the fourth wave?

There isn’t a clear consensus on when or how the fourth wave of Covid-19 is likely to play out in India. We have seen that although Omicron was much more contagious than previous variants, the peak numbers of positive cases during the third wave have not been drastically higher than the second wave. This may be due to several factors such as increased vaccination and fewer people getting tested (since Omicron may only show mild symptoms in most people). 

But some experts think that just because we have been lucky with the Omicron variant, we cannot rely on luck going forward. There may be future coronavirus variants that evolve from the Alpha or Delta lineages, resulting in a deadlier and more contagious variant down the line. This could easily become the dominant strain and overtake Omicron, should it occur. 

Others believe it is impossible to say with any accuracy what the effect will be since there are many factors to consider. The transmission rate and fatality rate are two important factors that will need to be analysed before we’re able to see how a new variant will spread and affect the population. 

The role of vaccines in the fourth wave 

More and more evidence is mounting that vaccinations (whether 1st dose, 2nd or booster) have been able to suppress the fatality and hospitalisation rate in the general populations. It remains our key defensive measure on the largest scales, as well as our hope of exiting the pandemic. 

During the first and second waves in India, virtually nobody was vaccinated. While during the third wave, the country was still undergoing its massive effort to vaccinate its huge population. As it stands in the first few months of 2022, India has given at least 1 dose to 70% of its population, with around 58% getting at least 2 doses. These factors may affect how the fourth wave unfolds. It also needs to be accounted for whenever statisticians and epidemiologists are trying to model what a potential fourth wave looks like in the future. 

Vaccinations and booster shots may or may not help to curb a rapid spread of a new variant, this is yet to be seen.

Is a fourth wave inevitable?

While a fourth wave is not inevitable, new variants of the coronavirus are inevitable. The WHO and many medical bodies around the world have repeatedly stated that Omicron is not the final variant, nor will it be the most contagious. Viruses are naturally evolving organisms, every time they spread there is a chance of a new variant evolving. But not all variants evolve to become deadlier, not all evolve to become more contagious. 

There is a possibility of a deadlier variant evolving, but there is also a possibility that this won’t happen. Regardless of this, we need to be more vigilant and ensure that we use whatever tools and protocols we have to halt the progress of the virus. 

Some experts have suggested that the fourth wave (if it occurs) could happen as early as June 2022 and peak during August. Until we know the details of the new variant, it’s hard to accurately say whether this prediction will come true.

Conclusion

Newer variants are almost a sure thing when dealing with viruses, but a fourth wave is something we cannot predict. We can’t really know the scale of a fourth wave spread, nor its effects on the population. All we can do for now is remain calm, follow the protocols and keep vaccinating as many people as possible. If you are eligible for a booster shot, go ahead and book your slot. Till then, let’s hope for the best and follow the usual precautions like mask-wearing and regular hand washing.

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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COVID Vaccination During Pregnancy And Its Benefits For The Baby

What do we know about Covid vaccination for pregnant women?

While people around the globe are debating about the importance of COVID-19 vaccine, it is safe to say that we have come to the conclusion that the vaccines are definitely effective, they can significantly reduce the severity of the infection and it also brings down the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and COVID-19 mortality rates. The first set of people who received the COVID-19 vaccine were older people and people with comorbidities, as they were believed to be the most vulnerable. The vaccines were later made available to adults and children.

Initially, there was a lot of confusion regarding the COVID-19 vaccine for pregnant women. Most people thought it was best to wait. However, with further research, experts now suggest expecting women to get vaccinated. Pregnant women in India can opt for any COVID-19 vaccine available to them, including Covishield, Covaxin and Sputnik V. There are a few other vaccines widely available for pregnant women around the world and are considered safe.

The importance of COVID-19 vaccines for pregnant people

COVID-19 can indeed be severe for people who are pregnant. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have listed pregnant women under COVID-19 high-risk groups. Getting vaccinated for COVID-19 while pregnant is now considered a must. If you are still wary about it, it is best to speak to your doctor regarding the same. 

When pregnant people are affected with COVID-19, they may be at an increased risk of ICU admission and may need mechanical ventilation. There have also been cases of pregnant women who have symptomatic COVID-19 passing away.

It is scientifically proven that getting the COVID-19 vaccine when you are pregnant, can protect you and your baby from getting extremely sick. It can further help in reducing pregnancy complications or premature births due to severe Covid related illness.

Based on my observations, I may say that if you are pregnant and are older, overweight, or have pre-existing medical conditions like high blood pressure, heart conditions, or diabetes, it’s important to be extra cautious. As you may be at higher risk of getting seriously ill from COVID-19. Talk to your doctor for guidance and get vaccinated as a precautionary measure.

Dr. Smita barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.

Does COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy build immunity in babies?

When people receive an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy, their bodies build antibodies against COVID-19, similar to people who are not pregnant. Antibodies made after a pregnant person received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine were found in umbilical cord blood. This means COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy might help protect babies against COVID-19. More data are needed to determine how these antibodies, similar to those produced with other vaccines, may protect the baby.

Research has looked at children under six months old to find out whether the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy has positive impacts on infants who are otherwise too young to receive vaccines. Mothers who were vaccinated during pregnancy had babies who did not require to be hospitalized. The COVID-19 vaccines were 61% effective overall. 

I may have awesome news for breastfeeding moms. When you get vaccinated against COVID-19, the antibodies your body produces may be passed on to your baby through breast milk. This means that getting vaccinated might potentially provide some protection to your little one against the virus.

Dr. Anuja Bodhare, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Those mothers who were vaccinated 21 weeks through 14 days before delivery, had babies who were found to be 80% protected. Whereas the vaccination effectiveness remains only 32% for the babies whose mothers had been vaccinated much earlier during their pregnancy. 

Pregnant women should be encouraged to get vaccinated. It ensures that both the mother and the infant are protected. The CDC also recommends that women who are planning to get pregnant now or in the future must consider getting vaccinated and stay up to date with COVID-19 shots.

If you’re pregnant or have recently given birth, it’s important to stay informed about COVID-19 vaccine recommendations. According to ACOG (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists), they recommend that pregnant women or those who have recently given birth may get a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine after completing their initial vaccine shots.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Busting the most common myths regarding the COVID-19 vaccine among people who are pregnant

The fact is, if you are pregnant and have no health concerns or complications, you are still at a higher risk of severe illness and hospitalization if you get infected with COVID-19 and are not vaccinated. With a complicated or high-risk pregnancy, getting vaccinated is even more important. Speak to your doctor and follow the advice. Myth: There is no point in getting vaccinated because my baby and I can still get COVID-19 and pass it to others.

The fact is not getting vaccinated makes you eight times more likely to get COVID-19 than those who are vaccinated. This should be enough reason for you to get vaccinated. To add to that, pregnant people who are not vaccinated are 25 times more likely to experience hospitalization or death. They are also more likely to spread it to others. 

Fact is, even though the body can create antibodies to protect itself from reinfection, we do not know for sure how long they can last. Moreover, natural antibodies may not work in the same ways for all people. Getting vaccinated is the best option for future protection. If you are still unsure, talk to your doctor or OB/GYN. They will provide you with the best information to keep you and your baby safe and healthy.

From what I have observed, getting vaccinated against COVID-19 brings several benefits, even during pregnancy. First, it may lower your risk of experiencing severe illness. Additionally, vaccination might decrease the risk of premature birth or stillbirth, providing added protection for both the parent and the baby.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Conclusion:

Pregnant women can get vaccinated at any point during their pregnancy if they haven’t already received both doses of the Covid-19 vaccine. There are no reasons to be hesitant about taking the COVID-19 vaccine when pregnant. You must remember that the pros outweigh the cons. If you get fever as a side-effect of the vaccine, home remedies can manage them well. In case you are pregnant and you have a prior history of allergy to vaccine or sensitivity to any of the ingredients in the vaccine, you must tell the concerns to your healthcare provider and do what seems the best thing to do.

Disclaimer: The information included at this site is for educational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional. Because of unique individual needs, the reader should consult their physician to determine the appropriateness of the information for the reader’s situation

If I Have COVID for the Second Time, Does It Mean It will be Less Severe?

A re-infection means getting infected with a disease that you already suffered from once. Reinfection with the COVID-19 virus means a person was previously infected, recovered and got infected again. While it is true that most individuals who recover from COVID-19 will have some protection, reinfections do occur. The reported cases of a re-infection are fewer.  

The Cause of COVID-19 Re-infection

Our immune system plays the role of remembering certain infections and recognizes them the moment they enter our body. It fights the infection and protects you. However, it tends to forget some of the infections, especially the ones that have changed their form, mutated and appeared as a new variant. The antibodies produced in our body previously may not be as responsive the next time. It is possible to get an infection with the same strain again and your body’s immunity will likely be highly responsive and try to limit the spread of the infection. It can prevent you from getting a severe illness or having complications depending on other pre-existing medical conditions of a person. It is important to understand that anyone can get reinfection with COVID.

In my opinion, like in dengue always reinfection will have severe symptoms due to accelerated immune response.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD

How Prevalent is COVID-19 Re-infection?

Reinfection is something that cannot be ignored in COVID, irrespective of the variant. This is why it is crucial to not take any risks and continue to follow COVID guidelines. Since we cannot say for sure what’s in store for us in the future, it only makes sense to continue following COVID appropriate behaviour even after a recent COVID recovery. It is advised to maintain physical distancing, proper masking and sanitise frequently in order to avoid possible reinfection from any variant.

Did you know?

Who is at Higher Risk of COVID-19 Re-infection?

Individuals may be at a higher risk of having COVID-19 re-infection due to several factors that may increase their risk of exposure to the virus. One must continue to take preventive measures after being fully vaccinated and even after getting infected with COVID-19 once. Weak immunity can be a major risk factor of COVID-19 re-infection. People who are undergoing chemotherapy, organ transplant or autoimmune disorders are at greater risk of COVID-19 reinfection.

Getting covid for the second or third time might pose a higher health risk especially in immunocompromised, elderly, pregnant females and children.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D.

What are the Symptoms of a COVID Re-infection?

With the onset of Omicron, experts say COVID symptoms are now milder in the majority of the cases. Most people who are re-infected with COVID may only experience cold-like symptoms such as a sore throat, runny nose, body ache and mild fever which lasts for 3 days. In certain cases of COVID-19 reinfection, people have reported gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. Only a small number have reported serious illness due to re-infection. 

The way in which fully vaccinated individuals are more protected against severe COVID-19 infections than unvaccinated people, similarly, people who have had COVID-19 once are thought to experience milder symptoms of COVID re-infection. The re-infected person has some pre-existing immunity from their primary infection. Experts say the severity and symptoms depend on the variants one is affected with. 

Getting Vaccinated is Still Your Best Bet

You may think that if vaccines are unable to prevent a re-infection, they are not effective enough. However, the truth is vaccination can bring down the rate of mortality, prevent the severity of COVID-19 re-infection, control the rate of transmission and reduce the need for hospitalisation.

After getting vaccinated, your body may take a few days or up to two weeks to build immunity against the virus. It is possible that you may contract the virus immediately after getting your shot. This is why even if you are fully vaccinated, you must continue to follow the guidelines and COVID-19 appropriate behaviour sincerely. 

Conclusion

Scientists say that immunity wanes over a certain period of time, which is why booster doses of vaccines are important. It re-exposes the body’s immune system to the virus and triggers an immune response. As we continue to learn more about COVID-19 re-infection, we must understand the importance of vaccination and abide by COVID guidelines.

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

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First Nasal Spray to Treat COVID Patients in India Launched

As the research on new treatment options forCOVID-19 continues, the reports on the advancement and administration of vaccination have shown a decline in the rapidly increasing number of COVID-19 cases. As more and more people began understanding the importance of vaccines and took the jab, the need for hospitalization among infected patients decreased to a great extent. The death rates come down. Things have finally begun to look up.  

However, this wasn’t the end of it. Many studies have already proved that the virus is evolving. What it might mean is not clear yet. But chances are that the variants will continue to become more and more contagious. That is why immunization is of more importance than ever before. The Omicron variant of COVID-19 is the concern at present and people who are fully vaccinated are likely to have enhanced protection. People with comorbidities, weaker immunity are vulnerable but taking proper caution can keep them safe. The emergence of new treatment options like covid nasal spray has given a lot of hope to everyone.

The main ingredient in the nasal spray for COVID is nitric oxide. Large scale research Use of NONS(Nitric oxide nasal spray) in patients recently infected with SARS-CoV-2 accelerates nasal virus clearance.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD

What is FabiSpray? Everything You Should Know About It.

It is important to note that India has played a crucial role in COVID-19 vaccine research and treatment. India is regarded as a major contributor to the global vaccine supply and is known as the vaccine manufacturing hub of the world. The country has immense capacity to manufacture COVID-19 vaccine doses annually. These are low-cost COVID-19 vaccines and are made available for countries that cannot afford expensive vaccines. Covaxin is India’s first indigenous COVID-19 inactivated vaccine developed and manufactured by Bharat Biotech and Covishield, manufactured by the Serum Institute of India (SII) is the Indian version of the vaccine developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca.

Recently, Glenmark, a renowned Mumbai based pharmaceutical company, has launched a nasal spray. This is the latest discovery and it contains Nitric Oxide. The spray has been named FabiSpray and it has been launched in India, in partnership with a Canadian pharmaceutical, SaNOtize. 

After the Phase 3 trials, reduction of viral load, up to 99 per cent in 48 hours have been shared in some reports. The company received a green signal from India’s drug regulator, Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) for Nitric Oxide Nasal Spray to be successfully manufactured and marketed.  

The nasal spray is meant for topical use only. It is a manual pump spray, convenient to use, ideally, it must be sprayed, over nasal mucosa a maximum of 3 times per day. It acts as a barrier against the virus, both physically and chemically. This should be taken on the doctor’s advice along with the complete prescribed treatment.

FabiSpray claims to be an effective aid for adult patients suffering from COVID-19. It can control the multiplication of the COVID-19 virus in the upper respiratory tract itself. The nasal spray may stop the progression of the infection in Covid-19 patients. However, people should refrain from self-medication of this spray as proper diagnosis and treatment of the illness by a doctor is important and mandatory.  

As a leading pharmaceutical company in India, Glenmark has stepped up and this nasal spray will likely be accepted by people. The fight against the COVID-19 pandemic continues and we must be willing to seek appropriate treatment. The company considers the nasal spray an effective and safe antiviral treatment for COVID-19. In a statement issued by the company, it has been said that the nasal spray was a much-needed therapy option and is relevant in the current scenario as it works against the new emerging variants and can put a check on the chain of transmissibility.    

NONS is a timely therapeutic option. According to studies, it is estimated to kill up to 99.9 per cent of SARS-Cov-2 virus including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon variants in a short span. 

The difficulties encountered in conventional routes of covid vaccine administration can be dealt with by nasal vaccines as they are needle-free and can be self-administered, and they present less logistical burden as they do not need refrigeration.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D.

Conclusion

You must remember that vaccination remains the best option to prevent an infection. With the launch of FabiSpray nasal spray you can definitely stop a severe infection or check the further progress of the virus but note that you must continue to stay protected, follow necessary Covid guidelines, wear a mask, maintain distancing, sanitize frequently and get vaccinated at the earliest. If you are eligible for the booster dose, you must opt for it. Once the nasal spray is available in markets, you can purchase it by showing a prescription from a registered medical practitioner.

Mental Health Issues From Covid-19 May Affect Generations

Introduction 

Around the world, vaccination drives continue to greatly reduce our risk of hospitalisation and death due to Covid-19. Although the Omicron variant is still raging across many populations, we already have data showing that booster shots can be effective against it. But as we look forward to what seems to be a hopeful end to the pandemic, we also need to address the impact Covid-19 has had.  

While the death toll and hospitalisation cases have been covered elsewhere, we also need to pay attention to the mental health impact the pandemic has had. Multiple studies have shown that mental health issues increased drastically throughout the pandemic. Let’s take a closer look. 

What’s causing increased mental health issues  

There are a variety of social, economic and psychological factors that play a role in mental health problems. During the pandemic, two factors were closely correlated to worsening mental health in the population: stricter lockdown measures and increased death rates. 

During the first 2 waves, lockdown measures were absolutely necessary to control the spread of Covid-19 but they also took away the freedom to go outside, socialise, continue regular work/education and even reduced outdoor exercise. All of these affect your state of mind. For example, simply interacting with strangers and acquaintances on a daily basis can be an affirmation. But the restrictions left people feeling isolated, alone and unable to connect with others.  

Other factors like the increased death toll, fear of death, fear of losing a loved one can affect mental health directly (if you have lost someone or know someone who died) or indirectly (through news and media about Covid-19 death rates). Not only can this lead to depression and grieving, but it also contributes to anxiety and uncertainty. 

Another factor to consider is that many people, couples and families have had to confront issues that previously went ignored. These may include marital problems, substance abuse, loneliness and relationship issues. The pandemic and subsequent counter-measures effectively forced many people to confront their domestic problems. 

All in all, many factors contribute to the higher rates of depression and anxiety that are being seen by mental health experts across the globe. 

Mental health of generations affected by Covid-19  

On the face of it, it seems that the mental health effects (increased anxiety and depression symptoms) aren’t affecting all age demographics equally. Also note, that while there was already a trend towards increased mental health issues, the Covid-19 pandemic seems to have pushed that trend upward in a short time. According to some mental health experts, millennials who are taking care of children or older adults seem to have taken on the most severe mental health issues during the pandemic. The same experts indicate that older generations may have more life experience resulting in better acceptance of the pandemic and its restrictions, while younger generations may be more resilient and adaptable. 

Alternatively, many mental health studies have indicated that there is an urgent need to focus on the mental health issues of the youth. For one, many children have not been able to achieve their milestones in the normal manner (think, for example, not being able to graduate from high school with an in-person ceremony). Additionally, for many poorer students, the school may have been their main source of social contact, food and primary educational needs. According to some studies, students from separated families may have a higher risk of facing depressive symptoms. More data is needed to understand the full extent the pandemic has had on younger people, however, most studies seem to show a relation between Covid-19 and worsening mental health symptoms.  

The bottomline  

Many of these studies and experts agree we do not fully understand the wide-scale impacts that Covid-19 has had or will continue to have on our mental health as a whole. What we do know is that the mental health infrastructure around the world is already overloaded and much more effort is needed on a national level to meet this increased requirement. Additionally, apart from age, the first-line workers (such as medical staff) may have been most affected psychologically during these past 2 years. Not only has the medical community been overloaded and under stress with a large number of patients, but they also have had to deal with death regularly. This may take a serious toll on them, some experts suggest that they may still be in battle mode which can be mentally demanding. Regardless of who is affected most, the world as a whole may need to keep a closer watch on the mental health fallout from the pandemic.  

Also Read: Does Masturbation Cause Weight Loss? Debunking Sexual Health Misconceptions

Conclusion

While sensationalist headlines seek to exploit the mental health issues caused due to Covid-19, we now have data that much work is needed to be done. For your part, you can reach out to mental health experts (counsellors, psychologists, therapists, psychiatrists) if you are facing mental health issues that interrupt your daily life. Since the pandemic has been going on for over 2 years now, most experts agree that the impact will be big, so do not be nervous or afraid in case you have been affected. Also, the effect may be seen across any of the generations- can be children, adults or older members of a family. Never ignore any signs of mental health illness. The best time to seek mental health treatment is today, so reach out and find a professional if you need one.  

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

Coronavirus: Is There A Way To Know If You Are An Asymptomatic COVID Carrier?

Covid appropriate behaviour has become a part of our lives since March 2020, and with the passage of time, the COVID-19 virus has transformed and transmuted to different versions. The threat and anxiety that covid posed in its earlier stages have reduced substantially, but it is still playing quite a large role in our lives. We have seen the covid cases go down and then go up again several times, and we have somehow become accustomed to it. But now, even though the covid cases numbers are known to fall, there lies a bigger and more importantly undetected issue. The asymptomatic carriers of covid.  

Asymptomatic covid carriers are people who have contracted covid but do not exhibit the known symptoms of the disease. They may not show any symptoms but can transmit the infection to others unknowingly. The number of asymptomatic people is on the rise, but due to the reduced power of the virus, the situation isn’t as serious as before. 

Why Are Certain People Symptomatic Whereas Others Are Asymptomatic?

We have been aware of asymptomatic carriers of covid since the dawn of the disease, though most affected were symptomatic. That was mostly because of the early covid variants-they were not only powerful and potent but also we had no vaccines. But over time, we have achieved good vaccination coverage, have learnt to adapt to all safety precautions meant to reduce the risk of exposure. This is one of the primary reasons why most people are asymptomatic these days.  

Another contributing factor here is the innate immune system in people. The innate immune system is the first line of defence that we are born with, which protects us against the first attack of diseases. People with a stronger innate immune system are less likely to show symptoms than the ones with a compromised immune system. In the former case, the virus isn’t able to reach the adaptive immune system to trigger the common symptoms. If someone is fully vaccinated, that too increases their immunity considerably. 

But even then, asymptomatic covid carriers can transmit the disease just as well as the symptomatic ones. That is why proper precaution is needed.  

Carriers mean they carry the virus but they don’t have disease. Currently the tests for COVID only detect whether or not the virus is there in the body and the quantity of virus in body.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD

Can Asymptomatic People Be in The Way of Harm?

Yes, asymptomatic covid carriers can be in the way of harm, but the risks are considerably lower than symptomatic people. Researchers in Wuhan, China has published a paper that confirmed that even asymptomatic people can get lung diseases, as the virus keeps multiplying inside their bodies. But on a positive note, they may also have a higher chance of recovery, especially if treated early. 

How To Know If You Are Asymptomatic?

There is no distinct way of knowing if you are asymptomatic other than testing for it. If you show mild symptoms or if you have been in contact with a symptomatic covid carrier, then it is best to quarantine yourself for at least 7 days, at least as a precaution. It is not mandatory to be tested if you have been in contact with a covid positive person unless you are exhibiting symptoms or belong to a high-risk group (age more than 60 years, comorbidities like diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, asthma, cancer, weak immunity, etc).  

Silent carriers or spreaders are the ones who have the infection but do not show any symptoms, children are not prone to be silent carriers, RTPCR or raid antigen is very helpful for detection in such cases.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj – M.B.B.S, M.D.

What Measures Can Be Taken to Keep Yourselves and Others From Contacting Covid?

There are certain precautionary steps that one can take to keep themselves and the people around them safe from Covid. Some of them are:

  1. Mask-up – Use a well-fitting, good quality face mask when stepping out of the home. It can help you stay protected not only against the virus but also from dust and allergens.  
  2. Maintain distancing – Covid is still to leave so you can be safer if you avoid closed spaces and crowded areas as much as possible.  
  3. Hand Hygiene – Washing your hands for 40 seconds as often as possible can reduce your risk of infection.
  4. Sanitize – Make sure to sanitize your edibles, parcels and packaged items when they arrive at your home.  
  5. Stay home – Do not go out if it is not necessary. Try to stay at home if you can during these uncertain times and reduce going out as much as possible.  
  6. Healthy Habits – Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, adding Vitamin C to your diet, staying hydrated, sleeping well and staying happy can help you attain good health. If you experience any signs of illness, consult a doctor immediately.    

Final Thoughts

Covid might have wreaked havoc in the world, but with the passage of time, we are seeing a tinge of hope in our future. We have come a long way in our battle with Covid, and if we just take the right steps for a bit longer, we are surely going to emerge victoriously. 

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