Prediabetes is a condition in which the person has higher than normal levels of blood sugar, but they aren’t as high to be categorized under diabetes. If left untreated, the situation can turn into full-blown type 2 diabetes, heart disease, or even stroke.
The good news is that prediabetes can be reversed. Those who make lifestyle changes and work to defeat the situation comprehensively are usually successful. Those who ignore the warning signs end up suffering from diabetes within a decade.
The exact reason why prediabetes as a condition develops in an individual is still a mystery. In a healthy body, when the food is eaten, it is broken down into glucose molecules. These are the smallest units that the body can use to release energy. The pancreas produces a hormone, insulin that is responsible for delivering the glucose molecules to the cells. As the food gets digested, the blood sugar levels increase, and this triggers the pancreas to release insulin. As insulin courses through in the bloodstream, the glucose gets delivered to the cells and energy is released.
In those who have this condition, either the body becomes resistant to insulin, or it doesn’t produce it in enough quantities. This leads to high blood sugar levels. If the situation is not controlled, it can snowball into diabetes.
A condition in which blood sugar is high, but not high enough to be type 2 diabetes. Without intervention, it’s likely to become type 2 diabetes within 10 years.
Dr. M.G. Kartheeka – MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)
Many risk factors contribute to the condition.
People usually mistaken appearance of black velvety patches on neck, behind the neck, elbows, inner thighs, armpits etc. These are early signs of insulin resistance which need blood sugar testing.
Dr. Arpit Verma, MBBS, MD (Pharmacology)
While there are no apparent symptoms of prediabetes, there are certain warning signs. Darkened skin on the body, especially, neck, armpits, knees, elbows and knuckles region. Other warning signs are:
High blood sugar levels are responsible for creating a more dehydrated environment in the body. This makes the person very thirsty.
Since the person ends up drinking so many fluids, the body throws out the excess water as urine. Another reason why frequent urination happens is that there is a high level of blood sugar. This creates toxicity in the body and signals the kidneys to throw out the excess sugar as urine.
Since the person cannot utilize the glucose released from food, he continually feels fatigued and has low energy levels.
Fluctuating sugar levels lead to a blurring in the vision. The eyes can look because of a lens present in them. This lens bends and stretches to form images. Due to a high amount of glucose in the blood, the lens loses its flexibility. In most cases, if the sugar is brought under control, it leads to the restoration of vision.
Women identified with prediabetes in early pregnancy have been reported to have an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared with women with lower HbA1c levels, it should usually go away after the pregnancy, but a close follow-up is very necessary.
Dr Ashish Bajaj – M.B.B.S, M.D.
Those women who have prediabetes suffer from frequent UTIs. The high sugar in the body provides a conducive environment for viruses and bacteria to prosper leading to frequent infections in the genital organs.
It can be diagnosed with the help of simple blood tests. The following tests can be conducted:
This is the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. The doctor advises eating nothing post-dinner the night before. Early morning after taking a blood sample, a glucose drink is given to the person. Two hours later, another blood sample is taken. If the blood glucose level after two hours comes between 144- 190 mg/dL, you have prediabetes.
This is similar to OGTT. After your dinner the night before, you are not supposed to eat anything. In the morning, a blood sample is taken. If the blood glucose comes between 100 and 125 mg/dL, you have prediabetes.
In most cases of prediabetes, lifestyle changes are recommended. Your doctor will guide you on how to improve the situation, but the following points are usually mentioned.
Weight loss, at less than five to 10%, can reduce the risks of developing diabetes. Those who are overweight or obese are more at risk of high sugar levels.
Eating a high fibre diet with lots of fruits and vegetables and whole grains is recommended to improve health.
Read More About 4 Best Foods for Diabetics
Many people feel that eating a low carbohydrate diet helps to reduce sugar levels. Replace carbs with protein to stay healthy.
Exercising helps to reduce blood glucose levels and improve mood. Even a 30-minute walk, five days a week can work wonders. Read more about the health benefits of exercise.
If left untreated, prediabetes can have serious complications. Apart from diabetes, the following complications can develop.
Read More About 9 Signs & Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes
Disclaimer: The information included at this site is for educational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional. Because of unique individual needs, the reader should consult their physician to determine the appropriateness of the information for the reader’s situation
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that is characterised by a high level of blood sugar because the body cannot process it efficiently. There are two kinds of diabetes- Type 1 and Type 2. Each is different from the other but the underlying fact is that they affect how the body processes glucose. If you are confused about which type you have, it is better to consult your doctor and undergo tests.
Both Type 1 and Type 2 are similar in the fact that they are both are chronic and cannot be cured. There are some common points of difference between the two kinds of Diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood while Type 2 is usually diagnosed after 30 years of age. There are a few exceptions wherein Type 1 diabetes gets diagnosed in adulthood.
Type 1 diabetes is not associated with the patient’s body weight as it is a genetic disorder. Type 2 diabetes is related to being overweight or obese. However, there are patients who are thin and have type 2.
Type 1 has high levels of Ketones during diagnosis while Type 2 is related to high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels.
Type 1 diabetes is treated with insulin injections or the insulin pump whereas Type 2 diabetes is treated without medicines in the initial stages or with tablets.
In type 1, the patient has to depend on insulin, no matter what. On the other hand, in Type 2, the patient has a possibility to reduce his dependence on medication and live holistically without much medical intervention.
The major difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes is that in type 1 there is insulin deficiency and in type 2 there is insulin resistance.
Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD
Type 1 is an autoimmune disease. The immune system of the body attacks itself, mistaking its own body cells as antigens. The beta cells of the pancreas get attacked by it. They are responsible for producing insulin in the body. In Type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin and in a bid to balance things out, tries to produce more but cannot keep up with the demand.
While symptoms of Type 1 develop quickly. They typically manifest themselves over a matter of a few weeks. In Type 2, the symptoms take a long time to develop and many people do not discover the disease until they suffer a few complications.
Most individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes need more insulin during pregnancy, especially during the last one-third of pregnancy (approximately 26 to 40 weeks of pregnancy) because the body becomes resistant to insulin as the pregnancy progresses. Caution is advised when the diagnosis of diabetes happens during or before pregnancy.
Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D.
People suffering from Type 1 are usually children and adolescents. Type 2 diabetics are usually older people.
The only way to stay safe when it comes to diabetes is to adopt a healthy lifestyle. While genetic factors cannot be controlled, we can take charge of our lifestyle. Eating healthy- less sugary, processed food and more natural, fresh food, exercising regularly, not stressing over things and maintaining a healthy weight go a long way in reducing the risks of developing diabetes.
Why some people develop Type 1 diabetes and others do not is unknown. It’s most likely due to a mix of genetics and environmental factors. You are more likely to get Type 1 diabetes if you have a close relative who has it. However, there are several risk factors of type 2 diabetes. Middle aged people and senior citizens, and even those who suffer from obesity or high blood pressure are at an added risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Those who suffer from PCOS, exercise minimally, or even those belonging to ethnic backgrounds have a higher risk of having typ2 diabetes.
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Diabetes can be classified into two categories: Diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus. Both have serious consequences, though they are entirely different from each other. Let’s take a look at both of them and understand the differences.
Diabetes Insipidus is a rare disease. It is caused when there are problems related to ADH (Anti Diuretic Hormone). Someone with diabetes insipidus suffers from excessive urination. There is no increase in the blood glucose levels, unlike diabetes mellitus. A series of tests are needed to diagnose the condition. If left untreated, the condition can cause kidney damage and chronic kidney disease.
Due to excessive urination, the person feels an increased thirst leading to excessive fluid consumption. Patients are at risk of suffering from dehydration. It is of four types:
Diabetes mellitus is the more common form of diabetes. It causes elevated sugar levels in the blood. The body breaks down food into glucose that is the fuel for the cells for carrying out regular metabolic processes. When the body cannot process this glucose efficiently, it leads to high sugar levels that have serious health complications like kidney failure, vision loss, and amputations.
Diabetes mellitus is of two types.
Read More: Difference Between Type 1 & Type 2 Diabetes
The symptoms of diabetes mellitus include increased thirst and hunger, excessive urination, frequent vaginal yeast infections, slow healing of cuts and scrapes, and tingling and numbness in the feet. The disease is treated by medications that control the sugar levels and by providing synthetic insulin in the body. A healthy diet, regular exercise, weight loss and timely administration of medication are the recommended course of treatment.
Diabetes Insipidus | Diabetes Mellitus |
Caused by problems in hypothalamus | Caused by problems in the pancreas |
Caused by deficiency of ADH | Caused by a deficiency of insulin hormone |
Glucose levels are not elevated | glucose levels are elevated |
Urine doesn’t have glucose present | Urine has glucose present |
Urine is much diluted. It has no odour | Urine of normal concentration |
Excessive urination | Urination much lesser than in diabetes insipidus |
No increase in blood cholesterol | Increase in blood cholesterol |
Eating patterns do not change | Eating patterns change with excessive hunger |
Negative results when tested for ketone bodies in urine | Positive results when tested for ketone bodies in urine |
Both, diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus need urgent medical intervention. Consult your doctor if you suffer from any of these symptoms.
Diabetes insipidus is quite rare compared to diabetes mellitus. Diabetes insipidus commonly seen post head injury , brain surgery and brain cancer.
Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD
A diabetes diet plan includes healthy food items in moderate items during regular meal times. The food items included in this diet should be naturally rich in nutrients, and low in fat and calories.
The key elements that go into making a proper diet plan for diabetes are vegetables, fruits and whole grains. In fact, people with borderline diabetes or who have a family history should follow this diet as a part of a healthy meal plan.
Poorly controlled or uncontrolled diabetes insipidus may lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance and this might specifically be harmful if it happens during pregnancy. Keep a caution and visit your gynecologist for any associated symptoms
Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D.
Diabetes may increase the chances of heart-related ailments and stroke by accelerating the development of hardened artillery or blocking them. Foods containing the following can work against your goal of having a proper, balanced diabetes meal plan:
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Diabetes is a common disease in today’s time. It is not only observed in adults but children as well.
Previously, it was thought that children could only have Type 1 diabetes but, it is now observed that they can develop Type 2 diabetes and few other types of diabetes as well.
As per the National Diabetes Statistics Report 2020, almost 210,000 children and teenagers have diabetes. In fact, Type 2 diabetes in children is rising by 4.8% every year.
High blood sugar and diabetes are two terms that are used interchangeably. This is because the digestive system breaks down carbohydrates into glucose. After which, the pancreas secretes a hormone known as insulin which helps in the movement of glucose from your blood into the cells for energy.
Type 2 diabetes does not allow the cells to respond well to insulin, leading to a buildup of glucose in the bloodstream. This makes the sugar levels extremely high for the body to handle. The phenomenon is known as insulin resistance.
Children with Type 2 diabetes can develop Type 2 diabetes complications affecting the eyes, kidneys and heart. In certain cases, it can lead to blindness as well.
Type 2 diabetes symptoms in children generally show very slowly and gradually. Hence, it becomes difficult to detect early on. In fact, some children have no symptoms at all.
However, diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes can be made based on the following symptoms:
Children having Type 2 diabetes might go to the restroom more frequently as compared to before the condition developed. Usually, the body excretes the excess sugar from the blood in the form of urine with water.
Children with type 2 diabetes might be more frequently thirsty. This is because increased urination often leads to dehydration.
Before the onset of type 2 diabetes, certain areas of skin begin to darken due to insulin resistance. This includes areas around the neck, back and armpits.
High blood sugar can pull the fluid from the lenses of the eyes, making it harder for the child to focus. Children developing Type 2 diabetes might also complain about their eyes paining frequently.
Insulin resistance can lead to fatigue as the body can’t convert blood sugar levels effectively. Type 2 diabetes in children makes them easily exhausted after a minor physical activity.
Type 2 diabetes diagnosis can be made by observing sudden weight loss too. The body does not receive the proper energy that sugar supplies which leads to the shrinking of muscle tissues and fat stores.
Insulin resistance can lead to slower healing of injuries and soreness in the body.
No one knows the exact cause of type 2 diabetes. However, family genetics and sedentary lifestyle play an important role. Obesity and inactivity in kids can also lead to type 2 diabetes.
Being overweight is a type 2 diabetes risk factor for kids. Children with fatty tissue around the abdomen have a high chance of developing this disease.
Children who have a family history of diabetes can be at risk of type 2 diabetes.
Children with sedentary lifestyles are also at risk. Physical activity generally helps a child control their weight while using glucose as energy and making their cells more responsive towards insulin.
Babies that are born prematurely before 39 to 42 weeks gestation have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes.
The long-term complications develop gradually over a period. Some of the type 2 diabetes complications include:
However, keeping the child’s blood sugar levels close to normal can reduce the risks of type 2 diabetes complications.
A healthy and well-balanced life can help in managing type 2 diabetes in kids. Eating leafy vegetables, fresh fruits and whole grains is a good idea. Also, indulging children in fun physical activities and exercises can keep them healthy.
If a child already has type 2 diabetes, then healthy lifestyle changes can help in reducing the complications. Apart from that, it is always advisable to monitor your child’s health and visit the doctor immediately if you see any symptoms.
Also Read: Magnesium Deficiency: Understanding Causes, Signs, and Solutions
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Diabetes has almost become a disease of epidemic proportions. A chronic condition, it has no cure. The surprising thing is most people who have undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes do not show any symptoms. It is because of this; the condition is also known as a ‘Silent Killer.’
The pancreas produces a hormone known as Insulin, which is essential for efficient glucose metabolism in the body. When the food is broken down, it gets converted to glucose molecules. These enter the bloodstream, and it is insulin that is responsible for delivering them to the cell for assimilation and for being used to provide energy.
Due to several factors such as gene expression, obesity, too much sugar consumption, a sedentary lifestyle, making wrong food choices and stress, the body stops assimilating the glucose coursing through the bloodstream. This could happen because it becomes resistant to insulin or that it stops producing it in sufficient quantities causing the onset of diabetes. Since it hampers efficient glucose metabolism, the glucose levels in the blood increase.
Apart from common complications like nausea, dizziness, headaches and vision problems amongst others, diabetes also leads to more severe complications like heart disease, loss of limbs, neural and muscular atrophy and severe organ damage, especially to the kidneys and the eyes.
The condition may not show any obvious symptoms, but there are enough warning signs that become apparent when the body has high blood sugar levels.
When the blood sugar levels increase, the body reacts by attempting to throw it out to achieve a state of equilibrium. The seat of this activity is the kidneys. They produce more urine to reduce glucose in the blood and throw it out as toxins. This leads to frequent urination. If you have been making recurrent trips to the washroom, observe if you have other type 2 diabetes warning signs and talk to your doctor.
High blood sugar leads to frequent urination. To combat this excessive loss of fluid and to maintain equilibrium in the body, one feels thirsty again and again. If you notice that you are guzzling down gallons of water, talk to your doctor. You could have diabetes as this is one of the type 2 diabetes warning signs.
Vitamin D is an essential component for controlling blood glucose levels, it stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas and so correction of vitamin D deficiency may result in improved glucose control and has beneficial effects on complications of type 2 diabetes.
Dr. Ashish Bajaj – M.B.B.S, M.D.
The body loses a lot of fluids which leads to dry skin and a dry mouth. These are signs of dehydration. Many people also suffer from itchy skin due to loss of moisture and an imbalance in the body’s electrolytes. Beware of dry and itchy skin as this is one of the type 2 diabetes warning signs.
Another type 2 diabetes warning sign is a sudden, unexpected weight loss. This is because of the loss of fluids and burning more calories through all the frequent urination. Also, those with diabetes cannot metabolize the blood glucose leading to weight loss.
Craving food all the time? Watch out as this is one of the Type 2 Diabetes warning signs. This is the eternal paradox of diabetes. One has high blood sugar levels because of all the glucose coursing through in the bloodstream, but the person still feels impoverished of energy. To get energy, the body demands more glucose, making the person feel hungry.
Excessive hunger may have another reason for people with diabetes. The body becomes resistant to insulin. This sends a signal to the pancreas to produce more insulin. High insulin levels in the blood signal the brain to demand more food to balance out the hormone.
Pre diabetes also has same signs and symptoms of diabetes. Prediabetes means you have a higher than normal blood sugar level. It’s not high enough to be considered type 2 diabetes yet. But without lifestyle changes, adults and children with prediabetes are at high risk to develop type 2 diabetes in 10 years.
Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD
Pain in the foot and more extreme cases, numbness in the feet, is a type 2 diabetes warning sign. This could be because of damage to the nerves in the legs. High levels of blood sugar, over a period, cause neuropathy or nerve damage. Since the legs are at the extremities of the body, they are the first to get affected by diabetic neuropathy. The person may also notice a tingling sensation or pain in the feet.
Women who are not aware that they have diabetes suffer from urinary tract infections quite frequently. High blood sugar levels provide the perfect breeding grounds for yeast and bacteria in the vagina to increase leading to recurring yeast and bacterial infections and vaginal thrush. Controlling blood sugar helps a lot in reducing the frequency of these infections.
Frequent and rapid changes in the blood sugar levels lead to changes in the lens in the eye. The lens changes its shape to accommodate the formation of images in the eye. With uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, the lens loses its ability to change its shape. The eyes muscles have to work more to accommodate this loss of flexibility. It is one of the early type 2 diabetes warning signs. Once the body adapts to the high sugar levels, the vision returns to normal.
Read More About 10 Harmful Effects of Sugar
This is another of the type 2 diabetes warning signs. High blood sugar levels lead to frequent headaches and, in more severe cases, even a loss of consciousness. The person also feels extremely tired due to fluctuating sugar levels.
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If you show any of these Type 2 diabetes warning signs, talk to your doctor and get yourself checked. A simple blood sugar test will be done to determine your blood sugar levels. While the disease doesn’t have a cure yet, effective diabetes management can be done through exercise, meal planning and taking medications on time. People who have diabetes live on to have healthy, quality lives. They have to ensure that their blood sugar levels stay stable and do not fluctuate too much.
Read More About: How To Control Diabetes?
Disclaimer: The information included at this site is for educational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional. Because of unique individual needs, the reader should consult their physician to determine the appropriateness of the information for the reader’s situation
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that affects the pancreas. In this, the body is unable to properly process the energy released from the food leading to high sugar levels. When this happens over a period, it causes organ damage and other serious complications. There are no apparent reasons why people get diabetes, but many factors in their genes and lifestyle increase their odds of suffering from this disease. Diabetes mellitus can occur because of two reasons. Either the pancreas does not produce a sufficient amount of insulin, a hormone essential for using sugar in the body (Type 1) or because the body develops resistance to the insulin coursing through the system (Type 2). A third kind is known as Gestational Diabetes which occurs when a pregnant woman without a previous history of diabetes develops high sugar levels.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. It may be due to impaired insulin secretion, resistance to peripheral actions of insulin, or both. Chronic hyperglycemia in synergy with the other metabolic aberrations in patients with diabetes mellitus can cause damage to various organ systems, leading to the development of disabling and life-threatening health complications, most prominent of which are microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and macrovascular complications leading to a 2-fold to 4-fold increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD
Following are the most common symptoms:
Diabetes mellitus has no cure. It is a chronic disease that can be best managed by keeping the blood sugar levels under control. However, care must be taken that the sugar levels don’t get too low as that is more harmful and can even be fatal.
Most importantly, this condition requires medical intervention, therefore, do not self-diagnose or take medications without proper consultation.People can live healthy lives with diabetes provided they keep their sugar levels in check. With a proper lifestyle and medications, many live long, quality lives.
Also Read: Desserts For Diabetics: An Expert’s Guide To Enjoying Sweet Treats Safely
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
We often forget that we are an indispensable aspect of treating our diabetes. Self-testing your blood sugar and HBA1C is extremely important in managing your diabetes and preventing long-term complications. A portable electronic device called the glucose meter is used to measure blood glucose levels. Testing should be done as advised by your doctor, but one should generally test twice a month at least. The frequency of testing your blood sugars also depends on the type of diabetes.