Table of Contents<\/p>\nToggle<\/span><\/path><\/svg><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label>Introduction<\/a><\/li>What is Kidney Failure?<\/a><\/li>How Common is Kidney Failure?<\/a><\/li>Types of Kidney Failure<\/a><\/li>Stages of Kidney Failure<\/a><\/li>Symptoms of Kidney Failure<\/a><\/li>Causes of Kidney Failure<\/a><\/li>Risk Factors<\/a><\/li>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/a><\/li>Diagnosis<\/a><\/li>Treatment Options<\/a><\/li>Kidney Function Tests<\/a><\/li>Prevention<\/a><\/li>When to See a Doctor?<\/a><\/li>Conclusion<\/a><\/li>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><\/li>References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/span>Introduction<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nDid you know that approximately 35% of individuals over 70 years of age are affected with some stage of chronic kidney disease1<\/sup><\/a>? Chronic kidney disease is a gradual loss of kidney function which can often lead to kidney failure, if left untreated2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nIf you are facing symptoms such as tiredness, swelling in your body, unexplained weight gain, and changes in how often you pee, these can be warning signs of kidney failure. <\/sup>Here, we will explore the causes, symptoms and the best methods that can help manage your condition along with medical treatment.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>What is Kidney Failure?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe kidneys are mainly responsible for regulating the fluid balance, and elimination of the waste products through urine. When your kidneys are not functioning effectively, there is an accumulation of waste and fluid buildup in your body2<\/sup><\/a>. If it reaches to a point where your kidney function goes down to 15% of normal, you are said to be suffering from kidney failure4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nIf left untreated, kidney failure can affect your heart, brain, blood pressure, and more as it can impact many systems in your body4<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How Common is Kidney Failure?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney failure, the final stage of chronic kidney disease, affects millions of individuals. Around 1 in every 7-8 individuals across the world suffer from chronic kidney disease1<\/sup><\/a>, and without proper treatment these cases can progress to kidney failure. <\/sup>Studies have shown that males are more likely to develop end stage kidney disease (1.6 times more common in males than females)5<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nEarly detection of chronic kidney disease and prompt medical care is essential in stopping its progression to kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Types of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can be broadly classified into 2 types3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAcute Kidney Failure:<\/strong> This condition occurs when there is a sudden, temporary loss of kidney function (generally less than 3 months). It occurs in response to an injury or illness. If left untreated, it may progress to chronic kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic Kidney Failure: <\/strong>This condition occurs when irreversible kidney damage has taken place or when you present with reduced kidney function for more than 3 months. If left untreated, you may notice a constant decline in your kidney\u2019s function.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are suffering from any kidney disease, consult your doctor<\/a><\/strong> to understand the type of kidney failure you have and seek medical care to prevent the progression of your condition3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Stages of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney disease can be evaluated and staged based on 2 tests2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>7<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nEstimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<\/a>:<\/strong> A blood test to check how effectively your kidneys are filtering your blood.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nUrine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR)<\/a>: <\/strong>A urine test to check whether your kidneys are leaking albumin or protein into your urine, which may indicate kidney damage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nStage<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>eGFR (mL\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 1\u00a0<\/td>90 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Normal or Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 2\u00a0<\/td>60-89\u00a0<\/td>Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3a\u00a0<\/td>45-59\u00a0<\/td>Mild to moderate loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3b\u00a0<\/td>30-44\u00a0<\/td>Moderate to severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 4\u00a0<\/td>15-29\u00a0<\/td>Severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 5\u00a0<\/td>Less than 15\u00a0<\/td>Kidney failure\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nLevel<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>ACR<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A1\u00a0<\/td>Less than 30\u00a0<\/td>Normal\u00a0\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A2\u00a0<\/td>30-299\u00a0<\/td>Increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A3\u00a0<\/td>300 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Severely increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nIf you present with an eGFR of less than 60 and\/or an ACR of higher than 30 for a period of 3 months or longer, you should consult your doctor as these values indicate signs of kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour symptoms may develop slowly, and you may not even notice them. Kidney failure symptoms include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nSwelling or oedema especially in feet and ankles\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadaches\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nItchiness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakness and fatigue\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNausea, vomiting, loss of appetite\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle cramps, numbness, and weakness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nShortness of breath due to fluid buildup in lungs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAltered mental state (confusion, memory problems)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChest pain caused by inflammation of heart lining (pericardium) in individuals with severe kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in urination (waking up in the night to urinate or blood in urine)\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are facing any of these kidney failure symptoms, it is best to consult your doctor and get prompt medical care4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes:<\/strong> Individuals with Type 2 diabetes have a 30-50% chance and individuals with Type 1 diabetes have a 3.9% chance of developing kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood sugar can damage your kidney\u2019s filters thereby allowing vital proteins to be passed in urine8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>About 85% of individuals with chronic kidney disease have hypertension or high blood pressure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and filtering system of kidney, thereby increasing your blood pressure8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIn India, diabetes and hypertension account for 40-60% of chronic kidney disease which may progress to kidney failure10<\/sup><\/a>. Other causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nInflammation of the kidney (glomerulonephritis)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic kidney disease which causes the formation of cysts in your kidneys thereby impairing its function\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedications that cause harm to the kidneys such as long-term use of NSAIDs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObstruction of your urinary tract due to conditions such as kidney stones or tumours\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAcute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAutoimmune conditions in which the body attacks its own cells and organs. This can be seen in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture\u2019s disease\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIdentification and understanding the cause of your kidney failure is essential for effective treatment and preventing further harm to your kidneys8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYou are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
Did you know that approximately 35% of individuals over 70 years of age are affected with some stage of chronic kidney disease1<\/sup><\/a>? Chronic kidney disease is a gradual loss of kidney function which can often lead to kidney failure, if left untreated2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nIf you are facing symptoms such as tiredness, swelling in your body, unexplained weight gain, and changes in how often you pee, these can be warning signs of kidney failure. <\/sup>Here, we will explore the causes, symptoms and the best methods that can help manage your condition along with medical treatment.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>What is Kidney Failure?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe kidneys are mainly responsible for regulating the fluid balance, and elimination of the waste products through urine. When your kidneys are not functioning effectively, there is an accumulation of waste and fluid buildup in your body2<\/sup><\/a>. If it reaches to a point where your kidney function goes down to 15% of normal, you are said to be suffering from kidney failure4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nIf left untreated, kidney failure can affect your heart, brain, blood pressure, and more as it can impact many systems in your body4<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How Common is Kidney Failure?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney failure, the final stage of chronic kidney disease, affects millions of individuals. Around 1 in every 7-8 individuals across the world suffer from chronic kidney disease1<\/sup><\/a>, and without proper treatment these cases can progress to kidney failure. <\/sup>Studies have shown that males are more likely to develop end stage kidney disease (1.6 times more common in males than females)5<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nEarly detection of chronic kidney disease and prompt medical care is essential in stopping its progression to kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Types of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can be broadly classified into 2 types3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAcute Kidney Failure:<\/strong> This condition occurs when there is a sudden, temporary loss of kidney function (generally less than 3 months). It occurs in response to an injury or illness. If left untreated, it may progress to chronic kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic Kidney Failure: <\/strong>This condition occurs when irreversible kidney damage has taken place or when you present with reduced kidney function for more than 3 months. If left untreated, you may notice a constant decline in your kidney\u2019s function.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are suffering from any kidney disease, consult your doctor<\/a><\/strong> to understand the type of kidney failure you have and seek medical care to prevent the progression of your condition3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Stages of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney disease can be evaluated and staged based on 2 tests2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>7<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nEstimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<\/a>:<\/strong> A blood test to check how effectively your kidneys are filtering your blood.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nUrine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR)<\/a>: <\/strong>A urine test to check whether your kidneys are leaking albumin or protein into your urine, which may indicate kidney damage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nStage<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>eGFR (mL\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 1\u00a0<\/td>90 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Normal or Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 2\u00a0<\/td>60-89\u00a0<\/td>Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3a\u00a0<\/td>45-59\u00a0<\/td>Mild to moderate loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3b\u00a0<\/td>30-44\u00a0<\/td>Moderate to severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 4\u00a0<\/td>15-29\u00a0<\/td>Severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 5\u00a0<\/td>Less than 15\u00a0<\/td>Kidney failure\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nLevel<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>ACR<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A1\u00a0<\/td>Less than 30\u00a0<\/td>Normal\u00a0\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A2\u00a0<\/td>30-299\u00a0<\/td>Increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A3\u00a0<\/td>300 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Severely increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nIf you present with an eGFR of less than 60 and\/or an ACR of higher than 30 for a period of 3 months or longer, you should consult your doctor as these values indicate signs of kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour symptoms may develop slowly, and you may not even notice them. Kidney failure symptoms include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nSwelling or oedema especially in feet and ankles\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadaches\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nItchiness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakness and fatigue\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNausea, vomiting, loss of appetite\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle cramps, numbness, and weakness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nShortness of breath due to fluid buildup in lungs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAltered mental state (confusion, memory problems)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChest pain caused by inflammation of heart lining (pericardium) in individuals with severe kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in urination (waking up in the night to urinate or blood in urine)\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are facing any of these kidney failure symptoms, it is best to consult your doctor and get prompt medical care4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes:<\/strong> Individuals with Type 2 diabetes have a 30-50% chance and individuals with Type 1 diabetes have a 3.9% chance of developing kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood sugar can damage your kidney\u2019s filters thereby allowing vital proteins to be passed in urine8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>About 85% of individuals with chronic kidney disease have hypertension or high blood pressure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and filtering system of kidney, thereby increasing your blood pressure8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIn India, diabetes and hypertension account for 40-60% of chronic kidney disease which may progress to kidney failure10<\/sup><\/a>. Other causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nInflammation of the kidney (glomerulonephritis)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic kidney disease which causes the formation of cysts in your kidneys thereby impairing its function\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedications that cause harm to the kidneys such as long-term use of NSAIDs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObstruction of your urinary tract due to conditions such as kidney stones or tumours\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAcute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAutoimmune conditions in which the body attacks its own cells and organs. This can be seen in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture\u2019s disease\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIdentification and understanding the cause of your kidney failure is essential for effective treatment and preventing further harm to your kidneys8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYou are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
If you are facing symptoms such as tiredness, swelling in your body, unexplained weight gain, and changes in how often you pee, these can be warning signs of kidney failure. <\/sup>Here, we will explore the causes, symptoms and the best methods that can help manage your condition along with medical treatment.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>What is Kidney Failure?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe kidneys are mainly responsible for regulating the fluid balance, and elimination of the waste products through urine. When your kidneys are not functioning effectively, there is an accumulation of waste and fluid buildup in your body2<\/sup><\/a>. If it reaches to a point where your kidney function goes down to 15% of normal, you are said to be suffering from kidney failure4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nIf left untreated, kidney failure can affect your heart, brain, blood pressure, and more as it can impact many systems in your body4<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How Common is Kidney Failure?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney failure, the final stage of chronic kidney disease, affects millions of individuals. Around 1 in every 7-8 individuals across the world suffer from chronic kidney disease1<\/sup><\/a>, and without proper treatment these cases can progress to kidney failure. <\/sup>Studies have shown that males are more likely to develop end stage kidney disease (1.6 times more common in males than females)5<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nEarly detection of chronic kidney disease and prompt medical care is essential in stopping its progression to kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Types of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can be broadly classified into 2 types3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAcute Kidney Failure:<\/strong> This condition occurs when there is a sudden, temporary loss of kidney function (generally less than 3 months). It occurs in response to an injury or illness. If left untreated, it may progress to chronic kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic Kidney Failure: <\/strong>This condition occurs when irreversible kidney damage has taken place or when you present with reduced kidney function for more than 3 months. If left untreated, you may notice a constant decline in your kidney\u2019s function.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are suffering from any kidney disease, consult your doctor<\/a><\/strong> to understand the type of kidney failure you have and seek medical care to prevent the progression of your condition3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Stages of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney disease can be evaluated and staged based on 2 tests2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>7<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nEstimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<\/a>:<\/strong> A blood test to check how effectively your kidneys are filtering your blood.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nUrine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR)<\/a>: <\/strong>A urine test to check whether your kidneys are leaking albumin or protein into your urine, which may indicate kidney damage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nStage<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>eGFR (mL\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 1\u00a0<\/td>90 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Normal or Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 2\u00a0<\/td>60-89\u00a0<\/td>Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3a\u00a0<\/td>45-59\u00a0<\/td>Mild to moderate loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3b\u00a0<\/td>30-44\u00a0<\/td>Moderate to severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 4\u00a0<\/td>15-29\u00a0<\/td>Severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 5\u00a0<\/td>Less than 15\u00a0<\/td>Kidney failure\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nLevel<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>ACR<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A1\u00a0<\/td>Less than 30\u00a0<\/td>Normal\u00a0\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A2\u00a0<\/td>30-299\u00a0<\/td>Increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A3\u00a0<\/td>300 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Severely increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nIf you present with an eGFR of less than 60 and\/or an ACR of higher than 30 for a period of 3 months or longer, you should consult your doctor as these values indicate signs of kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour symptoms may develop slowly, and you may not even notice them. Kidney failure symptoms include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nSwelling or oedema especially in feet and ankles\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadaches\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nItchiness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakness and fatigue\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNausea, vomiting, loss of appetite\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle cramps, numbness, and weakness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nShortness of breath due to fluid buildup in lungs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAltered mental state (confusion, memory problems)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChest pain caused by inflammation of heart lining (pericardium) in individuals with severe kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in urination (waking up in the night to urinate or blood in urine)\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are facing any of these kidney failure symptoms, it is best to consult your doctor and get prompt medical care4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes:<\/strong> Individuals with Type 2 diabetes have a 30-50% chance and individuals with Type 1 diabetes have a 3.9% chance of developing kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood sugar can damage your kidney\u2019s filters thereby allowing vital proteins to be passed in urine8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>About 85% of individuals with chronic kidney disease have hypertension or high blood pressure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and filtering system of kidney, thereby increasing your blood pressure8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIn India, diabetes and hypertension account for 40-60% of chronic kidney disease which may progress to kidney failure10<\/sup><\/a>. Other causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nInflammation of the kidney (glomerulonephritis)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic kidney disease which causes the formation of cysts in your kidneys thereby impairing its function\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedications that cause harm to the kidneys such as long-term use of NSAIDs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObstruction of your urinary tract due to conditions such as kidney stones or tumours\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAcute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAutoimmune conditions in which the body attacks its own cells and organs. This can be seen in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture\u2019s disease\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIdentification and understanding the cause of your kidney failure is essential for effective treatment and preventing further harm to your kidneys8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYou are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
The kidneys are mainly responsible for regulating the fluid balance, and elimination of the waste products through urine. When your kidneys are not functioning effectively, there is an accumulation of waste and fluid buildup in your body2<\/sup><\/a>. If it reaches to a point where your kidney function goes down to 15% of normal, you are said to be suffering from kidney failure4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nIf left untreated, kidney failure can affect your heart, brain, blood pressure, and more as it can impact many systems in your body4<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How Common is Kidney Failure?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney failure, the final stage of chronic kidney disease, affects millions of individuals. Around 1 in every 7-8 individuals across the world suffer from chronic kidney disease1<\/sup><\/a>, and without proper treatment these cases can progress to kidney failure. <\/sup>Studies have shown that males are more likely to develop end stage kidney disease (1.6 times more common in males than females)5<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nEarly detection of chronic kidney disease and prompt medical care is essential in stopping its progression to kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Types of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can be broadly classified into 2 types3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAcute Kidney Failure:<\/strong> This condition occurs when there is a sudden, temporary loss of kidney function (generally less than 3 months). It occurs in response to an injury or illness. If left untreated, it may progress to chronic kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic Kidney Failure: <\/strong>This condition occurs when irreversible kidney damage has taken place or when you present with reduced kidney function for more than 3 months. If left untreated, you may notice a constant decline in your kidney\u2019s function.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are suffering from any kidney disease, consult your doctor<\/a><\/strong> to understand the type of kidney failure you have and seek medical care to prevent the progression of your condition3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Stages of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney disease can be evaluated and staged based on 2 tests2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>7<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nEstimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<\/a>:<\/strong> A blood test to check how effectively your kidneys are filtering your blood.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nUrine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR)<\/a>: <\/strong>A urine test to check whether your kidneys are leaking albumin or protein into your urine, which may indicate kidney damage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nStage<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>eGFR (mL\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 1\u00a0<\/td>90 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Normal or Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 2\u00a0<\/td>60-89\u00a0<\/td>Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3a\u00a0<\/td>45-59\u00a0<\/td>Mild to moderate loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3b\u00a0<\/td>30-44\u00a0<\/td>Moderate to severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 4\u00a0<\/td>15-29\u00a0<\/td>Severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 5\u00a0<\/td>Less than 15\u00a0<\/td>Kidney failure\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nLevel<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>ACR<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A1\u00a0<\/td>Less than 30\u00a0<\/td>Normal\u00a0\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A2\u00a0<\/td>30-299\u00a0<\/td>Increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A3\u00a0<\/td>300 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Severely increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nIf you present with an eGFR of less than 60 and\/or an ACR of higher than 30 for a period of 3 months or longer, you should consult your doctor as these values indicate signs of kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour symptoms may develop slowly, and you may not even notice them. Kidney failure symptoms include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nSwelling or oedema especially in feet and ankles\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadaches\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nItchiness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakness and fatigue\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNausea, vomiting, loss of appetite\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle cramps, numbness, and weakness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nShortness of breath due to fluid buildup in lungs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAltered mental state (confusion, memory problems)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChest pain caused by inflammation of heart lining (pericardium) in individuals with severe kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in urination (waking up in the night to urinate or blood in urine)\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are facing any of these kidney failure symptoms, it is best to consult your doctor and get prompt medical care4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes:<\/strong> Individuals with Type 2 diabetes have a 30-50% chance and individuals with Type 1 diabetes have a 3.9% chance of developing kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood sugar can damage your kidney\u2019s filters thereby allowing vital proteins to be passed in urine8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>About 85% of individuals with chronic kidney disease have hypertension or high blood pressure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and filtering system of kidney, thereby increasing your blood pressure8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIn India, diabetes and hypertension account for 40-60% of chronic kidney disease which may progress to kidney failure10<\/sup><\/a>. Other causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nInflammation of the kidney (glomerulonephritis)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic kidney disease which causes the formation of cysts in your kidneys thereby impairing its function\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedications that cause harm to the kidneys such as long-term use of NSAIDs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObstruction of your urinary tract due to conditions such as kidney stones or tumours\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAcute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAutoimmune conditions in which the body attacks its own cells and organs. This can be seen in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture\u2019s disease\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIdentification and understanding the cause of your kidney failure is essential for effective treatment and preventing further harm to your kidneys8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYou are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
If left untreated, kidney failure can affect your heart, brain, blood pressure, and more as it can impact many systems in your body4<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How Common is Kidney Failure?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney failure, the final stage of chronic kidney disease, affects millions of individuals. Around 1 in every 7-8 individuals across the world suffer from chronic kidney disease1<\/sup><\/a>, and without proper treatment these cases can progress to kidney failure. <\/sup>Studies have shown that males are more likely to develop end stage kidney disease (1.6 times more common in males than females)5<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nEarly detection of chronic kidney disease and prompt medical care is essential in stopping its progression to kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Types of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can be broadly classified into 2 types3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAcute Kidney Failure:<\/strong> This condition occurs when there is a sudden, temporary loss of kidney function (generally less than 3 months). It occurs in response to an injury or illness. If left untreated, it may progress to chronic kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic Kidney Failure: <\/strong>This condition occurs when irreversible kidney damage has taken place or when you present with reduced kidney function for more than 3 months. If left untreated, you may notice a constant decline in your kidney\u2019s function.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are suffering from any kidney disease, consult your doctor<\/a><\/strong> to understand the type of kidney failure you have and seek medical care to prevent the progression of your condition3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Stages of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney disease can be evaluated and staged based on 2 tests2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>7<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nEstimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<\/a>:<\/strong> A blood test to check how effectively your kidneys are filtering your blood.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nUrine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR)<\/a>: <\/strong>A urine test to check whether your kidneys are leaking albumin or protein into your urine, which may indicate kidney damage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nStage<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>eGFR (mL\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 1\u00a0<\/td>90 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Normal or Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 2\u00a0<\/td>60-89\u00a0<\/td>Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3a\u00a0<\/td>45-59\u00a0<\/td>Mild to moderate loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3b\u00a0<\/td>30-44\u00a0<\/td>Moderate to severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 4\u00a0<\/td>15-29\u00a0<\/td>Severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 5\u00a0<\/td>Less than 15\u00a0<\/td>Kidney failure\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nLevel<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>ACR<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A1\u00a0<\/td>Less than 30\u00a0<\/td>Normal\u00a0\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A2\u00a0<\/td>30-299\u00a0<\/td>Increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A3\u00a0<\/td>300 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Severely increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nIf you present with an eGFR of less than 60 and\/or an ACR of higher than 30 for a period of 3 months or longer, you should consult your doctor as these values indicate signs of kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour symptoms may develop slowly, and you may not even notice them. Kidney failure symptoms include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nSwelling or oedema especially in feet and ankles\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadaches\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nItchiness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakness and fatigue\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNausea, vomiting, loss of appetite\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle cramps, numbness, and weakness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nShortness of breath due to fluid buildup in lungs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAltered mental state (confusion, memory problems)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChest pain caused by inflammation of heart lining (pericardium) in individuals with severe kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in urination (waking up in the night to urinate or blood in urine)\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are facing any of these kidney failure symptoms, it is best to consult your doctor and get prompt medical care4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes:<\/strong> Individuals with Type 2 diabetes have a 30-50% chance and individuals with Type 1 diabetes have a 3.9% chance of developing kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood sugar can damage your kidney\u2019s filters thereby allowing vital proteins to be passed in urine8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>About 85% of individuals with chronic kidney disease have hypertension or high blood pressure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and filtering system of kidney, thereby increasing your blood pressure8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIn India, diabetes and hypertension account for 40-60% of chronic kidney disease which may progress to kidney failure10<\/sup><\/a>. Other causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nInflammation of the kidney (glomerulonephritis)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic kidney disease which causes the formation of cysts in your kidneys thereby impairing its function\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedications that cause harm to the kidneys such as long-term use of NSAIDs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObstruction of your urinary tract due to conditions such as kidney stones or tumours\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAcute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAutoimmune conditions in which the body attacks its own cells and organs. This can be seen in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture\u2019s disease\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIdentification and understanding the cause of your kidney failure is essential for effective treatment and preventing further harm to your kidneys8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYou are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
Kidney failure, the final stage of chronic kidney disease, affects millions of individuals. Around 1 in every 7-8 individuals across the world suffer from chronic kidney disease1<\/sup><\/a>, and without proper treatment these cases can progress to kidney failure. <\/sup>Studies have shown that males are more likely to develop end stage kidney disease (1.6 times more common in males than females)5<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nEarly detection of chronic kidney disease and prompt medical care is essential in stopping its progression to kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Types of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can be broadly classified into 2 types3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAcute Kidney Failure:<\/strong> This condition occurs when there is a sudden, temporary loss of kidney function (generally less than 3 months). It occurs in response to an injury or illness. If left untreated, it may progress to chronic kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic Kidney Failure: <\/strong>This condition occurs when irreversible kidney damage has taken place or when you present with reduced kidney function for more than 3 months. If left untreated, you may notice a constant decline in your kidney\u2019s function.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are suffering from any kidney disease, consult your doctor<\/a><\/strong> to understand the type of kidney failure you have and seek medical care to prevent the progression of your condition3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Stages of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney disease can be evaluated and staged based on 2 tests2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>7<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nEstimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<\/a>:<\/strong> A blood test to check how effectively your kidneys are filtering your blood.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nUrine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR)<\/a>: <\/strong>A urine test to check whether your kidneys are leaking albumin or protein into your urine, which may indicate kidney damage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nStage<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>eGFR (mL\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 1\u00a0<\/td>90 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Normal or Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 2\u00a0<\/td>60-89\u00a0<\/td>Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3a\u00a0<\/td>45-59\u00a0<\/td>Mild to moderate loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3b\u00a0<\/td>30-44\u00a0<\/td>Moderate to severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 4\u00a0<\/td>15-29\u00a0<\/td>Severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 5\u00a0<\/td>Less than 15\u00a0<\/td>Kidney failure\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nLevel<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>ACR<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A1\u00a0<\/td>Less than 30\u00a0<\/td>Normal\u00a0\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A2\u00a0<\/td>30-299\u00a0<\/td>Increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A3\u00a0<\/td>300 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Severely increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nIf you present with an eGFR of less than 60 and\/or an ACR of higher than 30 for a period of 3 months or longer, you should consult your doctor as these values indicate signs of kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour symptoms may develop slowly, and you may not even notice them. Kidney failure symptoms include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nSwelling or oedema especially in feet and ankles\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadaches\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nItchiness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakness and fatigue\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNausea, vomiting, loss of appetite\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle cramps, numbness, and weakness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nShortness of breath due to fluid buildup in lungs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAltered mental state (confusion, memory problems)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChest pain caused by inflammation of heart lining (pericardium) in individuals with severe kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in urination (waking up in the night to urinate or blood in urine)\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are facing any of these kidney failure symptoms, it is best to consult your doctor and get prompt medical care4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes:<\/strong> Individuals with Type 2 diabetes have a 30-50% chance and individuals with Type 1 diabetes have a 3.9% chance of developing kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood sugar can damage your kidney\u2019s filters thereby allowing vital proteins to be passed in urine8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>About 85% of individuals with chronic kidney disease have hypertension or high blood pressure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and filtering system of kidney, thereby increasing your blood pressure8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIn India, diabetes and hypertension account for 40-60% of chronic kidney disease which may progress to kidney failure10<\/sup><\/a>. Other causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nInflammation of the kidney (glomerulonephritis)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic kidney disease which causes the formation of cysts in your kidneys thereby impairing its function\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedications that cause harm to the kidneys such as long-term use of NSAIDs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObstruction of your urinary tract due to conditions such as kidney stones or tumours\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAcute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAutoimmune conditions in which the body attacks its own cells and organs. This can be seen in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture\u2019s disease\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIdentification and understanding the cause of your kidney failure is essential for effective treatment and preventing further harm to your kidneys8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYou are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
Early detection of chronic kidney disease and prompt medical care is essential in stopping its progression to kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Types of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can be broadly classified into 2 types3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAcute Kidney Failure:<\/strong> This condition occurs when there is a sudden, temporary loss of kidney function (generally less than 3 months). It occurs in response to an injury or illness. If left untreated, it may progress to chronic kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic Kidney Failure: <\/strong>This condition occurs when irreversible kidney damage has taken place or when you present with reduced kidney function for more than 3 months. If left untreated, you may notice a constant decline in your kidney\u2019s function.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are suffering from any kidney disease, consult your doctor<\/a><\/strong> to understand the type of kidney failure you have and seek medical care to prevent the progression of your condition3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Stages of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney disease can be evaluated and staged based on 2 tests2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>7<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nEstimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<\/a>:<\/strong> A blood test to check how effectively your kidneys are filtering your blood.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nUrine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR)<\/a>: <\/strong>A urine test to check whether your kidneys are leaking albumin or protein into your urine, which may indicate kidney damage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nStage<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>eGFR (mL\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 1\u00a0<\/td>90 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Normal or Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 2\u00a0<\/td>60-89\u00a0<\/td>Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3a\u00a0<\/td>45-59\u00a0<\/td>Mild to moderate loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3b\u00a0<\/td>30-44\u00a0<\/td>Moderate to severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 4\u00a0<\/td>15-29\u00a0<\/td>Severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 5\u00a0<\/td>Less than 15\u00a0<\/td>Kidney failure\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nLevel<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>ACR<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A1\u00a0<\/td>Less than 30\u00a0<\/td>Normal\u00a0\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A2\u00a0<\/td>30-299\u00a0<\/td>Increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A3\u00a0<\/td>300 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Severely increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nIf you present with an eGFR of less than 60 and\/or an ACR of higher than 30 for a period of 3 months or longer, you should consult your doctor as these values indicate signs of kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour symptoms may develop slowly, and you may not even notice them. Kidney failure symptoms include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nSwelling or oedema especially in feet and ankles\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadaches\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nItchiness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakness and fatigue\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNausea, vomiting, loss of appetite\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle cramps, numbness, and weakness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nShortness of breath due to fluid buildup in lungs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAltered mental state (confusion, memory problems)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChest pain caused by inflammation of heart lining (pericardium) in individuals with severe kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in urination (waking up in the night to urinate or blood in urine)\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are facing any of these kidney failure symptoms, it is best to consult your doctor and get prompt medical care4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes:<\/strong> Individuals with Type 2 diabetes have a 30-50% chance and individuals with Type 1 diabetes have a 3.9% chance of developing kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood sugar can damage your kidney\u2019s filters thereby allowing vital proteins to be passed in urine8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>About 85% of individuals with chronic kidney disease have hypertension or high blood pressure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and filtering system of kidney, thereby increasing your blood pressure8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIn India, diabetes and hypertension account for 40-60% of chronic kidney disease which may progress to kidney failure10<\/sup><\/a>. Other causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nInflammation of the kidney (glomerulonephritis)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic kidney disease which causes the formation of cysts in your kidneys thereby impairing its function\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedications that cause harm to the kidneys such as long-term use of NSAIDs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObstruction of your urinary tract due to conditions such as kidney stones or tumours\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAcute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAutoimmune conditions in which the body attacks its own cells and organs. This can be seen in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture\u2019s disease\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIdentification and understanding the cause of your kidney failure is essential for effective treatment and preventing further harm to your kidneys8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYou are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
Kidney failure can be broadly classified into 2 types3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAcute Kidney Failure:<\/strong> This condition occurs when there is a sudden, temporary loss of kidney function (generally less than 3 months). It occurs in response to an injury or illness. If left untreated, it may progress to chronic kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic Kidney Failure: <\/strong>This condition occurs when irreversible kidney damage has taken place or when you present with reduced kidney function for more than 3 months. If left untreated, you may notice a constant decline in your kidney\u2019s function.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are suffering from any kidney disease, consult your doctor<\/a><\/strong> to understand the type of kidney failure you have and seek medical care to prevent the progression of your condition3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Stages of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney disease can be evaluated and staged based on 2 tests2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>7<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nEstimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<\/a>:<\/strong> A blood test to check how effectively your kidneys are filtering your blood.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nUrine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR)<\/a>: <\/strong>A urine test to check whether your kidneys are leaking albumin or protein into your urine, which may indicate kidney damage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nStage<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>eGFR (mL\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 1\u00a0<\/td>90 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Normal or Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 2\u00a0<\/td>60-89\u00a0<\/td>Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3a\u00a0<\/td>45-59\u00a0<\/td>Mild to moderate loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3b\u00a0<\/td>30-44\u00a0<\/td>Moderate to severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 4\u00a0<\/td>15-29\u00a0<\/td>Severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 5\u00a0<\/td>Less than 15\u00a0<\/td>Kidney failure\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nLevel<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>ACR<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A1\u00a0<\/td>Less than 30\u00a0<\/td>Normal\u00a0\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A2\u00a0<\/td>30-299\u00a0<\/td>Increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A3\u00a0<\/td>300 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Severely increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nIf you present with an eGFR of less than 60 and\/or an ACR of higher than 30 for a period of 3 months or longer, you should consult your doctor as these values indicate signs of kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour symptoms may develop slowly, and you may not even notice them. Kidney failure symptoms include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nSwelling or oedema especially in feet and ankles\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadaches\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nItchiness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakness and fatigue\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNausea, vomiting, loss of appetite\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle cramps, numbness, and weakness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nShortness of breath due to fluid buildup in lungs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAltered mental state (confusion, memory problems)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChest pain caused by inflammation of heart lining (pericardium) in individuals with severe kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in urination (waking up in the night to urinate or blood in urine)\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are facing any of these kidney failure symptoms, it is best to consult your doctor and get prompt medical care4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes:<\/strong> Individuals with Type 2 diabetes have a 30-50% chance and individuals with Type 1 diabetes have a 3.9% chance of developing kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood sugar can damage your kidney\u2019s filters thereby allowing vital proteins to be passed in urine8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>About 85% of individuals with chronic kidney disease have hypertension or high blood pressure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and filtering system of kidney, thereby increasing your blood pressure8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIn India, diabetes and hypertension account for 40-60% of chronic kidney disease which may progress to kidney failure10<\/sup><\/a>. Other causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nInflammation of the kidney (glomerulonephritis)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic kidney disease which causes the formation of cysts in your kidneys thereby impairing its function\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedications that cause harm to the kidneys such as long-term use of NSAIDs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObstruction of your urinary tract due to conditions such as kidney stones or tumours\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAcute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAutoimmune conditions in which the body attacks its own cells and organs. This can be seen in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture\u2019s disease\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIdentification and understanding the cause of your kidney failure is essential for effective treatment and preventing further harm to your kidneys8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYou are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
If you are suffering from any kidney disease, consult your doctor<\/a><\/strong> to understand the type of kidney failure you have and seek medical care to prevent the progression of your condition3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>6<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Stages of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nKidney disease can be evaluated and staged based on 2 tests2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>7<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nEstimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<\/a>:<\/strong> A blood test to check how effectively your kidneys are filtering your blood.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nUrine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR)<\/a>: <\/strong>A urine test to check whether your kidneys are leaking albumin or protein into your urine, which may indicate kidney damage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nStage<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>eGFR (mL\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 1\u00a0<\/td>90 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Normal or Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 2\u00a0<\/td>60-89\u00a0<\/td>Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3a\u00a0<\/td>45-59\u00a0<\/td>Mild to moderate loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3b\u00a0<\/td>30-44\u00a0<\/td>Moderate to severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 4\u00a0<\/td>15-29\u00a0<\/td>Severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 5\u00a0<\/td>Less than 15\u00a0<\/td>Kidney failure\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nLevel<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>ACR<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A1\u00a0<\/td>Less than 30\u00a0<\/td>Normal\u00a0\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A2\u00a0<\/td>30-299\u00a0<\/td>Increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A3\u00a0<\/td>300 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Severely increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nIf you present with an eGFR of less than 60 and\/or an ACR of higher than 30 for a period of 3 months or longer, you should consult your doctor as these values indicate signs of kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour symptoms may develop slowly, and you may not even notice them. Kidney failure symptoms include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nSwelling or oedema especially in feet and ankles\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadaches\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nItchiness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakness and fatigue\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNausea, vomiting, loss of appetite\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle cramps, numbness, and weakness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nShortness of breath due to fluid buildup in lungs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAltered mental state (confusion, memory problems)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChest pain caused by inflammation of heart lining (pericardium) in individuals with severe kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in urination (waking up in the night to urinate or blood in urine)\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are facing any of these kidney failure symptoms, it is best to consult your doctor and get prompt medical care4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes:<\/strong> Individuals with Type 2 diabetes have a 30-50% chance and individuals with Type 1 diabetes have a 3.9% chance of developing kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood sugar can damage your kidney\u2019s filters thereby allowing vital proteins to be passed in urine8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>About 85% of individuals with chronic kidney disease have hypertension or high blood pressure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and filtering system of kidney, thereby increasing your blood pressure8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIn India, diabetes and hypertension account for 40-60% of chronic kidney disease which may progress to kidney failure10<\/sup><\/a>. Other causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nInflammation of the kidney (glomerulonephritis)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic kidney disease which causes the formation of cysts in your kidneys thereby impairing its function\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedications that cause harm to the kidneys such as long-term use of NSAIDs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObstruction of your urinary tract due to conditions such as kidney stones or tumours\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAcute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAutoimmune conditions in which the body attacks its own cells and organs. This can be seen in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture\u2019s disease\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIdentification and understanding the cause of your kidney failure is essential for effective treatment and preventing further harm to your kidneys8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYou are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
Kidney disease can be evaluated and staged based on 2 tests2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>7<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nEstimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<\/a>:<\/strong> A blood test to check how effectively your kidneys are filtering your blood.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nUrine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR)<\/a>: <\/strong>A urine test to check whether your kidneys are leaking albumin or protein into your urine, which may indicate kidney damage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nStage<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>eGFR (mL\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 1\u00a0<\/td>90 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Normal or Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 2\u00a0<\/td>60-89\u00a0<\/td>Mild kidney damage\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3a\u00a0<\/td>45-59\u00a0<\/td>Mild to moderate loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 3b\u00a0<\/td>30-44\u00a0<\/td>Moderate to severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 4\u00a0<\/td>15-29\u00a0<\/td>Severe loss of kidney function\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Stage 5\u00a0<\/td>Less than 15\u00a0<\/td>Kidney failure\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nLevel<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>ACR<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Implication<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A1\u00a0<\/td>Less than 30\u00a0<\/td>Normal\u00a0\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A2\u00a0<\/td>30-299\u00a0<\/td>Increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>A3\u00a0<\/td>300 or higher\u00a0<\/td>Severely increased\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nIf you present with an eGFR of less than 60 and\/or an ACR of higher than 30 for a period of 3 months or longer, you should consult your doctor as these values indicate signs of kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour symptoms may develop slowly, and you may not even notice them. Kidney failure symptoms include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nSwelling or oedema especially in feet and ankles\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadaches\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nItchiness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakness and fatigue\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNausea, vomiting, loss of appetite\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle cramps, numbness, and weakness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nShortness of breath due to fluid buildup in lungs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAltered mental state (confusion, memory problems)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChest pain caused by inflammation of heart lining (pericardium) in individuals with severe kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in urination (waking up in the night to urinate or blood in urine)\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are facing any of these kidney failure symptoms, it is best to consult your doctor and get prompt medical care4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes:<\/strong> Individuals with Type 2 diabetes have a 30-50% chance and individuals with Type 1 diabetes have a 3.9% chance of developing kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood sugar can damage your kidney\u2019s filters thereby allowing vital proteins to be passed in urine8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>About 85% of individuals with chronic kidney disease have hypertension or high blood pressure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and filtering system of kidney, thereby increasing your blood pressure8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIn India, diabetes and hypertension account for 40-60% of chronic kidney disease which may progress to kidney failure10<\/sup><\/a>. Other causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nInflammation of the kidney (glomerulonephritis)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic kidney disease which causes the formation of cysts in your kidneys thereby impairing its function\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedications that cause harm to the kidneys such as long-term use of NSAIDs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObstruction of your urinary tract due to conditions such as kidney stones or tumours\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAcute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAutoimmune conditions in which the body attacks its own cells and organs. This can be seen in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture\u2019s disease\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIdentification and understanding the cause of your kidney failure is essential for effective treatment and preventing further harm to your kidneys8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYou are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
If you present with an eGFR of less than 60 and\/or an ACR of higher than 30 for a period of 3 months or longer, you should consult your doctor as these values indicate signs of kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour symptoms may develop slowly, and you may not even notice them. Kidney failure symptoms include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nSwelling or oedema especially in feet and ankles\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadaches\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nItchiness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakness and fatigue\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNausea, vomiting, loss of appetite\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle cramps, numbness, and weakness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nShortness of breath due to fluid buildup in lungs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAltered mental state (confusion, memory problems)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChest pain caused by inflammation of heart lining (pericardium) in individuals with severe kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in urination (waking up in the night to urinate or blood in urine)\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are facing any of these kidney failure symptoms, it is best to consult your doctor and get prompt medical care4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes:<\/strong> Individuals with Type 2 diabetes have a 30-50% chance and individuals with Type 1 diabetes have a 3.9% chance of developing kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood sugar can damage your kidney\u2019s filters thereby allowing vital proteins to be passed in urine8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>About 85% of individuals with chronic kidney disease have hypertension or high blood pressure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and filtering system of kidney, thereby increasing your blood pressure8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIn India, diabetes and hypertension account for 40-60% of chronic kidney disease which may progress to kidney failure10<\/sup><\/a>. Other causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nInflammation of the kidney (glomerulonephritis)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic kidney disease which causes the formation of cysts in your kidneys thereby impairing its function\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedications that cause harm to the kidneys such as long-term use of NSAIDs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObstruction of your urinary tract due to conditions such as kidney stones or tumours\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAcute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAutoimmune conditions in which the body attacks its own cells and organs. This can be seen in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture\u2019s disease\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIdentification and understanding the cause of your kidney failure is essential for effective treatment and preventing further harm to your kidneys8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYou are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
Your symptoms may develop slowly, and you may not even notice them. Kidney failure symptoms include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nSwelling or oedema especially in feet and ankles\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadaches\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nItchiness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakness and fatigue\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNausea, vomiting, loss of appetite\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle cramps, numbness, and weakness\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nShortness of breath due to fluid buildup in lungs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAltered mental state (confusion, memory problems)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChest pain caused by inflammation of heart lining (pericardium) in individuals with severe kidney disease.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in urination (waking up in the night to urinate or blood in urine)\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIf you are facing any of these kidney failure symptoms, it is best to consult your doctor and get prompt medical care4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes:<\/strong> Individuals with Type 2 diabetes have a 30-50% chance and individuals with Type 1 diabetes have a 3.9% chance of developing kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood sugar can damage your kidney\u2019s filters thereby allowing vital proteins to be passed in urine8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>About 85% of individuals with chronic kidney disease have hypertension or high blood pressure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and filtering system of kidney, thereby increasing your blood pressure8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIn India, diabetes and hypertension account for 40-60% of chronic kidney disease which may progress to kidney failure10<\/sup><\/a>. Other causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nInflammation of the kidney (glomerulonephritis)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic kidney disease which causes the formation of cysts in your kidneys thereby impairing its function\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedications that cause harm to the kidneys such as long-term use of NSAIDs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObstruction of your urinary tract due to conditions such as kidney stones or tumours\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAcute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAutoimmune conditions in which the body attacks its own cells and organs. This can be seen in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture\u2019s disease\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIdentification and understanding the cause of your kidney failure is essential for effective treatment and preventing further harm to your kidneys8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYou are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
If you are facing any of these kidney failure symptoms, it is best to consult your doctor and get prompt medical care4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes:<\/strong> Individuals with Type 2 diabetes have a 30-50% chance and individuals with Type 1 diabetes have a 3.9% chance of developing kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood sugar can damage your kidney\u2019s filters thereby allowing vital proteins to be passed in urine8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>About 85% of individuals with chronic kidney disease have hypertension or high blood pressure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and filtering system of kidney, thereby increasing your blood pressure8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIn India, diabetes and hypertension account for 40-60% of chronic kidney disease which may progress to kidney failure10<\/sup><\/a>. Other causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nInflammation of the kidney (glomerulonephritis)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic kidney disease which causes the formation of cysts in your kidneys thereby impairing its function\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedications that cause harm to the kidneys such as long-term use of NSAIDs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObstruction of your urinary tract due to conditions such as kidney stones or tumours\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAcute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAutoimmune conditions in which the body attacks its own cells and organs. This can be seen in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture\u2019s disease\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIdentification and understanding the cause of your kidney failure is essential for effective treatment and preventing further harm to your kidneys8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYou are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
The main causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes:<\/strong> Individuals with Type 2 diabetes have a 30-50% chance and individuals with Type 1 diabetes have a 3.9% chance of developing kidney failure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood sugar can damage your kidney\u2019s filters thereby allowing vital proteins to be passed in urine8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>About 85% of individuals with chronic kidney disease have hypertension or high blood pressure2<\/sup><\/a>. High blood pressure can damage blood vessels and filtering system of kidney, thereby increasing your blood pressure8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIn India, diabetes and hypertension account for 40-60% of chronic kidney disease which may progress to kidney failure10<\/sup><\/a>. Other causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nInflammation of the kidney (glomerulonephritis)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic kidney disease which causes the formation of cysts in your kidneys thereby impairing its function\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedications that cause harm to the kidneys such as long-term use of NSAIDs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObstruction of your urinary tract due to conditions such as kidney stones or tumours\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAcute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAutoimmune conditions in which the body attacks its own cells and organs. This can be seen in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture\u2019s disease\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIdentification and understanding the cause of your kidney failure is essential for effective treatment and preventing further harm to your kidneys8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYou are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
In India, diabetes and hypertension account for 40-60% of chronic kidney disease which may progress to kidney failure10<\/sup><\/a>. Other causes of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>8<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>9<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nInflammation of the kidney (glomerulonephritis)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic kidney disease which causes the formation of cysts in your kidneys thereby impairing its function\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedications that cause harm to the kidneys such as long-term use of NSAIDs\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObstruction of your urinary tract due to conditions such as kidney stones or tumours\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAcute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAutoimmune conditions in which the body attacks its own cells and organs. This can be seen in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and Goodpasture\u2019s disease\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIdentification and understanding the cause of your kidney failure is essential for effective treatment and preventing further harm to your kidneys8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYou are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
Identification and understanding the cause of your kidney failure is essential for effective treatment and preventing further harm to your kidneys8<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYou are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
You are at a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and kidney failure if you have11<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDiabetes\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHigh blood pressure or hypertension\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart disease or heart failure\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity (BMI of 30 or more)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n60 years of age or above\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFamily history of chronic kidney disease\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHistory of acute kidney injury\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSmoking or the use of tobacco products\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKnowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
Knowing the risk factors helps you to understand your level of risk and if you should get checked for kidney failure11<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Kidney Failure<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
The main complications of kidney failure include2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>3<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSalt and fluid imbalance: <\/strong>Kidney failure causes problems with salt and fluid balance, often leading to swelling or oedema.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypertension: <\/strong>Hypertension or high blood pressure occurs due to fluid buildup.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased potassium levels in blood\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMetabolic acidosis:<\/strong> A condition in which your kidneys are unable to remove the acids from your body which can lead to easy breakdown of bones.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAnaemia:<\/strong> Kidney failure leads to low red blood cell counts and symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened bones:<\/strong> High phosphorus levels which can lead to weakened bones, leading to fractures.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCognitive impairment: <\/strong>Difficulty concentrating, problems with memory and thinking.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nComplications during pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeart diseases:<\/strong> Increased risk of heart diseases in these individuals due to the strain on the cardiovascular system.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInsulin resistance: <\/strong>In kidney failure, the body often becomes less responsive to insulin, which can lead to diabetes and heart disease. This occurs mainly due to inflammation and other metabolic changes caused by kidney problems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nKidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
Kidney failure can lead to various serious complications that impact multiple organs. Therefore, early kidney failure treatment is essential for overall health2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nYour doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include
Your doctor may suggest certain blood tests, urine tests, imaging tests and biopsy for the diagnosis of your kidney failure. These include