Table of Contents<\/p>\nToggle<\/span><\/path><\/svg><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label>Introduction<\/a><\/li>What Is Skin Cancer?<\/a><\/li>Types of Skin Cancer<\/a><\/li>Signs and Symptoms of Skin Cancer<\/a><\/li>Causes of Skin Cancer<\/a><\/li>Risk Factors for Skin Cancer<\/a><\/li>Complications of Skin Cancer<\/a><\/li>Diagnosis of Skin Cancer<\/a><\/li>Treatment\u00a0of\u00a0Skin Cancer<\/a><\/li>Prevention of Skin Cancer<\/a><\/li>When to Consult a\u00a0Doctor?<\/a><\/li>Conclusion<\/a><\/li>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><\/li>References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n \n <\/span>\n \n <\/a>\n<\/span>Introduction<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nNoticing a new mole, a changing spot on your skin, or a sore that does not heal can make you wonder whether it could be skin cancer.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer is a broad group of conditions in which cells and tissues in the skin grow abnormally1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding\u00a0what\u00a0is skin cancer,\u00a0skin cancer types, their symptoms, causes, and risk factors, as well as how they are diagnosed and treated, can help you recognise warning signs\u00a0and aid in\u00a0early stage\u00a0skin cancer. Knowing how to protect your skin and when to seek medical advice can also support early detection and better outcomes.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>What Is Skin Cancer?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer is a broad group of conditions in which cells and tissues in the skin grow abnormally.\u00a0A\u00a0majority of\u00a0the\u00a0skin cancer subtypes, such as melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma are primarily caused by UV exposure1<\/a><\/sup>. Among these, squamous cell cancer and basal cell cancer are the two most prevalent forms. They typically appear on the hands, arms, neck, head, and face. Melanoma is a less prevalent but more serious kind of skin cancer2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDid You\u00a0Know?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\nUltraviolet\u00a0radiation is\u00a0proven to be carcinogenic\u00a0for humans3<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nThe risk of developing melanoma\u00a0doubles\u00a0if you have five or more sunburns3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nMelanoma has a 99%,\u00a05-year survival rate when diagnosed early3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Types of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe type of skin cancer depends on which type of skin cells\u00a0become cancerous4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC):<\/strong>\u00a0Squamous cell carcinoma starts in the squamous cells, which form the\u00a0topmost\u00a0layer of the skin.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBasal cell carcinoma (BCC):<\/strong>\u00a0Basal cell carcinoma starts in the basal cells, which are\u00a0located\u00a0beneath the squamous cells.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMelanoma:<\/strong>\u00a0It starts in melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colour. Melanoma is less common than basal and squamous cell carcinomas but causes more deaths because it can spread to other parts of the body.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Signs and Symptoms of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nA change in the skin is the most common\u00a0sign of skin cancer.\u00a0Skin cancer symptoms\u00a0include5<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nA new growth:<\/strong>\u00a0A new growth on the skin\u00a0may\u00a0be a sign of skin cancer.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nA sore that does not heal:\u00a0<\/strong>A sore that does not heal, particularly one that is crusty or bleeds, can be a sign of basal cell carcinoma.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nA different colour\u00a0or textured skin patch:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00a0scaly patch, a\u00a0firm,\u00a0skin- or\u00a0red-coloured bump, or an open sore that bleeds\u00a0may\u00a0indicate\u00a0a squamous cell carcinoma.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in a mole or spot:<\/strong>\u00a0Warning signs of melanoma include an asymmetrical shape, irregular border, uneven colour, a\u00a0spot or mole with\u00a0diameter larger than a pea, or a spot\u00a0or mole\u00a0that\u00a0has\u00a0changed\u00a0in\u00a0the previous few weeks to months.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer develops when abnormal changes in skin cells cause them to grow and multiply uncontrollably, with UV radiation being a major cause of many types of skin cancer1<\/a>,4<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Various\u00a0skin cancer causes\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nUV radiation\u00a0exposure:<\/strong>\u00a0Unprotected overexposure to the sun\u2019s ultraviolet (UV) rays can damage the DNA of skin cells and contribute to skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nArtificial UV radiation:<\/strong>\u00a0Unprotected\u00a0UV exposure from tanning beds and lamps can damage skin cell DNA and contribute to skin cancer4<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nDNA mutations:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer can develop when mutations accumulate in the DNA,\u00a0the\u00a0basic genetic material of skin cells and promote abnormal cell growth\u00a0when triggered by factors such as inflammation1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEnvironmental chemicals:<\/strong>\u00a0Exposure to certain toxic chemicals can also contribute to skin cancer, including cancer developing\u00a0in\u00a0areas not usually exposed to sunlight1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors for Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSeveral factors, such as the following,\u00a0can increase the risk of developing skin cancer:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nExposure to UV rays:<\/strong>\u00a0People with exposure to UV radiation have increased risk of developing skin cancer6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFair skin:<\/strong>\u00a0People with lighter skin have a higher risk of skin cancer6<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nGender:\u00a0<\/strong>Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are more common in men than in women6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nOlder age:<\/strong>\u00a0The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer increases with age1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nMany or unusual moles:\u00a0<\/strong>Having many, large, or irregular\u00a0looking moles increases the risk of skin cancer6<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened immune system:<\/strong>\u00a0People with weakened immunity are more likely to develop skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLiving at higher altitudes or in a sunny climate:<\/strong>\u00a0People living in a sunny climate or at higher altitudes are at increased risk of skin cancer6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nPersonal or family history:\u00a0<\/strong>A\u00a0personal\u00a0history of previously having\u00a0skin cancer or\u00a0having a\u00a0parent or sibling with skin cancer increases\u00a0the\u00a0risk\u00a0for skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nPrevious\u00a0radiation treatment:<\/strong>\u00a0Radiation treatment can increase the risk of skin cancer in the\u00a0previously\u00a0treated area1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nSkin that burns easily, or light-coloured eyes or hair:\u00a0<\/strong>Characteristics such as skin that burns or freckles easily\u00a0in the\u00a0sun, green or blue eyes and red or blond hair, are associated with a higher risk7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPossible complications\u00a0of skin cancer\u00a0include1<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nLocal spread:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer can invade nearby tissues, causing tissue damage and pain.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSpread to other parts of the body:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0spread to the brain, lungs, lymph nodes, or other areas of the skin.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInfection:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0lesions, particularly ulcerated\u00a0ones,\u00a0may\u00a0become infected.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nScarring and tissue damage:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0cause scarring, tissue destruction, disfigurement, or physical disability.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPain, itching, or bleeding:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer may cause pain, itching<\/a><\/strong>, bleeding, or discomfort.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRecurrence:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0return after treatment.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEmotional effects:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0be associated with anxiety<\/a><\/strong>, depression, distress, or fear.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer is diagnosed by examining suspicious skin changes and, when needed, examining a skin sample under a microscope1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMedical history and skin examination:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00a0doctor\u00a0reviews the clinical history and examines suspicious lesions, including their size, shape, colour, texture, borders, and recent changes1<\/a>,8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDermoscopy:<\/strong>\u00a0Dermoscopy\u00a0is a non-invasive examination of a\u00a0lesion\u00a0using a special magnifying\u00a0lens, helping doctors see features that may not be visible to the naked eye. It can\u00a0help\u00a0improve the detection of\u00a0skin cancer\u00a0and\u00a0identify\u00a0it at an earlier stage1<\/a>,9<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSkin biopsy:<\/strong>\u00a0If a skin area looks abnormal or suspicious, a biopsy may be performed. The removed tissue is examined under a microscope by a pathologist to check for cancer cells8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFurther tests:<\/strong>\u00a0If cancer has been diagnosed,\u00a0imaging such as CT, ultrasound, PET scan, and\u00a0other evaluations may be used to\u00a0determine\u00a0whether it has spread and how far, including staging of skin cancer8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatment\u00a0of\u00a0Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment depends on the type and stage of skin cancer, the size and location of the tumour, and the person\u2019s overall health8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Skin cancer treatment\u00a0involves8<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSurgery:\u00a0<\/strong>The cancer is removed surgically, including excisional surgery in which the tumour and some surrounding healthy\u00a0tissue\u00a0are removed.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMohs surgery:<\/strong>\u00a0In this treatment, the\u00a0tumour is removed layer by layer, with each layer examined under a microscope until no cancer cells\u00a0remain.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCurettage and electrodesiccation:\u00a0<\/strong>The tumour is scraped away, and an electrical current is used to destroy remaining cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCryosurgery:<\/strong>\u00a0Liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRadiation therapy:<\/strong>\u00a0High\u00a0energy radiation is used to kill cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedicines:<\/strong>\u00a0Some skin cancers may be treated with medicines\u00a0applied to the skin, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the type and stage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Prevention of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nSome of the tips to prevent skin cancer\u00a0include10<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Noticing a new mole, a changing spot on your skin, or a sore that does not heal can make you wonder whether it could be skin cancer.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Skin cancer is a broad group of conditions in which cells and tissues in the skin grow abnormally1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nUnderstanding\u00a0what\u00a0is skin cancer,\u00a0skin cancer types, their symptoms, causes, and risk factors, as well as how they are diagnosed and treated, can help you recognise warning signs\u00a0and aid in\u00a0early stage\u00a0skin cancer. Knowing how to protect your skin and when to seek medical advice can also support early detection and better outcomes.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>What Is Skin Cancer?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer is a broad group of conditions in which cells and tissues in the skin grow abnormally.\u00a0A\u00a0majority of\u00a0the\u00a0skin cancer subtypes, such as melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma are primarily caused by UV exposure1<\/a><\/sup>. Among these, squamous cell cancer and basal cell cancer are the two most prevalent forms. They typically appear on the hands, arms, neck, head, and face. Melanoma is a less prevalent but more serious kind of skin cancer2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDid You\u00a0Know?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\nUltraviolet\u00a0radiation is\u00a0proven to be carcinogenic\u00a0for humans3<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nThe risk of developing melanoma\u00a0doubles\u00a0if you have five or more sunburns3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nMelanoma has a 99%,\u00a05-year survival rate when diagnosed early3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Types of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe type of skin cancer depends on which type of skin cells\u00a0become cancerous4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC):<\/strong>\u00a0Squamous cell carcinoma starts in the squamous cells, which form the\u00a0topmost\u00a0layer of the skin.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBasal cell carcinoma (BCC):<\/strong>\u00a0Basal cell carcinoma starts in the basal cells, which are\u00a0located\u00a0beneath the squamous cells.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMelanoma:<\/strong>\u00a0It starts in melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colour. Melanoma is less common than basal and squamous cell carcinomas but causes more deaths because it can spread to other parts of the body.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Signs and Symptoms of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nA change in the skin is the most common\u00a0sign of skin cancer.\u00a0Skin cancer symptoms\u00a0include5<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nA new growth:<\/strong>\u00a0A new growth on the skin\u00a0may\u00a0be a sign of skin cancer.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nA sore that does not heal:\u00a0<\/strong>A sore that does not heal, particularly one that is crusty or bleeds, can be a sign of basal cell carcinoma.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nA different colour\u00a0or textured skin patch:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00a0scaly patch, a\u00a0firm,\u00a0skin- or\u00a0red-coloured bump, or an open sore that bleeds\u00a0may\u00a0indicate\u00a0a squamous cell carcinoma.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in a mole or spot:<\/strong>\u00a0Warning signs of melanoma include an asymmetrical shape, irregular border, uneven colour, a\u00a0spot or mole with\u00a0diameter larger than a pea, or a spot\u00a0or mole\u00a0that\u00a0has\u00a0changed\u00a0in\u00a0the previous few weeks to months.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer develops when abnormal changes in skin cells cause them to grow and multiply uncontrollably, with UV radiation being a major cause of many types of skin cancer1<\/a>,4<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Various\u00a0skin cancer causes\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nUV radiation\u00a0exposure:<\/strong>\u00a0Unprotected overexposure to the sun\u2019s ultraviolet (UV) rays can damage the DNA of skin cells and contribute to skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nArtificial UV radiation:<\/strong>\u00a0Unprotected\u00a0UV exposure from tanning beds and lamps can damage skin cell DNA and contribute to skin cancer4<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nDNA mutations:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer can develop when mutations accumulate in the DNA,\u00a0the\u00a0basic genetic material of skin cells and promote abnormal cell growth\u00a0when triggered by factors such as inflammation1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEnvironmental chemicals:<\/strong>\u00a0Exposure to certain toxic chemicals can also contribute to skin cancer, including cancer developing\u00a0in\u00a0areas not usually exposed to sunlight1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors for Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSeveral factors, such as the following,\u00a0can increase the risk of developing skin cancer:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nExposure to UV rays:<\/strong>\u00a0People with exposure to UV radiation have increased risk of developing skin cancer6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFair skin:<\/strong>\u00a0People with lighter skin have a higher risk of skin cancer6<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nGender:\u00a0<\/strong>Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are more common in men than in women6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nOlder age:<\/strong>\u00a0The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer increases with age1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nMany or unusual moles:\u00a0<\/strong>Having many, large, or irregular\u00a0looking moles increases the risk of skin cancer6<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened immune system:<\/strong>\u00a0People with weakened immunity are more likely to develop skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLiving at higher altitudes or in a sunny climate:<\/strong>\u00a0People living in a sunny climate or at higher altitudes are at increased risk of skin cancer6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nPersonal or family history:\u00a0<\/strong>A\u00a0personal\u00a0history of previously having\u00a0skin cancer or\u00a0having a\u00a0parent or sibling with skin cancer increases\u00a0the\u00a0risk\u00a0for skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nPrevious\u00a0radiation treatment:<\/strong>\u00a0Radiation treatment can increase the risk of skin cancer in the\u00a0previously\u00a0treated area1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nSkin that burns easily, or light-coloured eyes or hair:\u00a0<\/strong>Characteristics such as skin that burns or freckles easily\u00a0in the\u00a0sun, green or blue eyes and red or blond hair, are associated with a higher risk7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPossible complications\u00a0of skin cancer\u00a0include1<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nLocal spread:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer can invade nearby tissues, causing tissue damage and pain.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSpread to other parts of the body:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0spread to the brain, lungs, lymph nodes, or other areas of the skin.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInfection:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0lesions, particularly ulcerated\u00a0ones,\u00a0may\u00a0become infected.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nScarring and tissue damage:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0cause scarring, tissue destruction, disfigurement, or physical disability.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPain, itching, or bleeding:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer may cause pain, itching<\/a><\/strong>, bleeding, or discomfort.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRecurrence:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0return after treatment.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEmotional effects:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0be associated with anxiety<\/a><\/strong>, depression, distress, or fear.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer is diagnosed by examining suspicious skin changes and, when needed, examining a skin sample under a microscope1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMedical history and skin examination:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00a0doctor\u00a0reviews the clinical history and examines suspicious lesions, including their size, shape, colour, texture, borders, and recent changes1<\/a>,8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDermoscopy:<\/strong>\u00a0Dermoscopy\u00a0is a non-invasive examination of a\u00a0lesion\u00a0using a special magnifying\u00a0lens, helping doctors see features that may not be visible to the naked eye. It can\u00a0help\u00a0improve the detection of\u00a0skin cancer\u00a0and\u00a0identify\u00a0it at an earlier stage1<\/a>,9<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSkin biopsy:<\/strong>\u00a0If a skin area looks abnormal or suspicious, a biopsy may be performed. The removed tissue is examined under a microscope by a pathologist to check for cancer cells8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFurther tests:<\/strong>\u00a0If cancer has been diagnosed,\u00a0imaging such as CT, ultrasound, PET scan, and\u00a0other evaluations may be used to\u00a0determine\u00a0whether it has spread and how far, including staging of skin cancer8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatment\u00a0of\u00a0Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment depends on the type and stage of skin cancer, the size and location of the tumour, and the person\u2019s overall health8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Skin cancer treatment\u00a0involves8<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSurgery:\u00a0<\/strong>The cancer is removed surgically, including excisional surgery in which the tumour and some surrounding healthy\u00a0tissue\u00a0are removed.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMohs surgery:<\/strong>\u00a0In this treatment, the\u00a0tumour is removed layer by layer, with each layer examined under a microscope until no cancer cells\u00a0remain.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCurettage and electrodesiccation:\u00a0<\/strong>The tumour is scraped away, and an electrical current is used to destroy remaining cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCryosurgery:<\/strong>\u00a0Liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRadiation therapy:<\/strong>\u00a0High\u00a0energy radiation is used to kill cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedicines:<\/strong>\u00a0Some skin cancers may be treated with medicines\u00a0applied to the skin, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the type and stage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Prevention of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nSome of the tips to prevent skin cancer\u00a0include10<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Understanding\u00a0what\u00a0is skin cancer,\u00a0skin cancer types, their symptoms, causes, and risk factors, as well as how they are diagnosed and treated, can help you recognise warning signs\u00a0and aid in\u00a0early stage\u00a0skin cancer. Knowing how to protect your skin and when to seek medical advice can also support early detection and better outcomes.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Skin cancer is a broad group of conditions in which cells and tissues in the skin grow abnormally.\u00a0A\u00a0majority of\u00a0the\u00a0skin cancer subtypes, such as melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma are primarily caused by UV exposure1<\/a><\/sup>. Among these, squamous cell cancer and basal cell cancer are the two most prevalent forms. They typically appear on the hands, arms, neck, head, and face. Melanoma is a less prevalent but more serious kind of skin cancer2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nDid You\u00a0Know?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\nUltraviolet\u00a0radiation is\u00a0proven to be carcinogenic\u00a0for humans3<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nThe risk of developing melanoma\u00a0doubles\u00a0if you have five or more sunburns3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nMelanoma has a 99%,\u00a05-year survival rate when diagnosed early3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Types of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe type of skin cancer depends on which type of skin cells\u00a0become cancerous4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC):<\/strong>\u00a0Squamous cell carcinoma starts in the squamous cells, which form the\u00a0topmost\u00a0layer of the skin.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBasal cell carcinoma (BCC):<\/strong>\u00a0Basal cell carcinoma starts in the basal cells, which are\u00a0located\u00a0beneath the squamous cells.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMelanoma:<\/strong>\u00a0It starts in melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colour. Melanoma is less common than basal and squamous cell carcinomas but causes more deaths because it can spread to other parts of the body.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Signs and Symptoms of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nA change in the skin is the most common\u00a0sign of skin cancer.\u00a0Skin cancer symptoms\u00a0include5<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nA new growth:<\/strong>\u00a0A new growth on the skin\u00a0may\u00a0be a sign of skin cancer.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nA sore that does not heal:\u00a0<\/strong>A sore that does not heal, particularly one that is crusty or bleeds, can be a sign of basal cell carcinoma.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nA different colour\u00a0or textured skin patch:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00a0scaly patch, a\u00a0firm,\u00a0skin- or\u00a0red-coloured bump, or an open sore that bleeds\u00a0may\u00a0indicate\u00a0a squamous cell carcinoma.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in a mole or spot:<\/strong>\u00a0Warning signs of melanoma include an asymmetrical shape, irregular border, uneven colour, a\u00a0spot or mole with\u00a0diameter larger than a pea, or a spot\u00a0or mole\u00a0that\u00a0has\u00a0changed\u00a0in\u00a0the previous few weeks to months.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer develops when abnormal changes in skin cells cause them to grow and multiply uncontrollably, with UV radiation being a major cause of many types of skin cancer1<\/a>,4<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Various\u00a0skin cancer causes\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nUV radiation\u00a0exposure:<\/strong>\u00a0Unprotected overexposure to the sun\u2019s ultraviolet (UV) rays can damage the DNA of skin cells and contribute to skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nArtificial UV radiation:<\/strong>\u00a0Unprotected\u00a0UV exposure from tanning beds and lamps can damage skin cell DNA and contribute to skin cancer4<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nDNA mutations:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer can develop when mutations accumulate in the DNA,\u00a0the\u00a0basic genetic material of skin cells and promote abnormal cell growth\u00a0when triggered by factors such as inflammation1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEnvironmental chemicals:<\/strong>\u00a0Exposure to certain toxic chemicals can also contribute to skin cancer, including cancer developing\u00a0in\u00a0areas not usually exposed to sunlight1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors for Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSeveral factors, such as the following,\u00a0can increase the risk of developing skin cancer:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nExposure to UV rays:<\/strong>\u00a0People with exposure to UV radiation have increased risk of developing skin cancer6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFair skin:<\/strong>\u00a0People with lighter skin have a higher risk of skin cancer6<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nGender:\u00a0<\/strong>Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are more common in men than in women6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nOlder age:<\/strong>\u00a0The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer increases with age1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nMany or unusual moles:\u00a0<\/strong>Having many, large, or irregular\u00a0looking moles increases the risk of skin cancer6<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened immune system:<\/strong>\u00a0People with weakened immunity are more likely to develop skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLiving at higher altitudes or in a sunny climate:<\/strong>\u00a0People living in a sunny climate or at higher altitudes are at increased risk of skin cancer6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nPersonal or family history:\u00a0<\/strong>A\u00a0personal\u00a0history of previously having\u00a0skin cancer or\u00a0having a\u00a0parent or sibling with skin cancer increases\u00a0the\u00a0risk\u00a0for skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nPrevious\u00a0radiation treatment:<\/strong>\u00a0Radiation treatment can increase the risk of skin cancer in the\u00a0previously\u00a0treated area1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nSkin that burns easily, or light-coloured eyes or hair:\u00a0<\/strong>Characteristics such as skin that burns or freckles easily\u00a0in the\u00a0sun, green or blue eyes and red or blond hair, are associated with a higher risk7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPossible complications\u00a0of skin cancer\u00a0include1<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nLocal spread:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer can invade nearby tissues, causing tissue damage and pain.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSpread to other parts of the body:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0spread to the brain, lungs, lymph nodes, or other areas of the skin.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInfection:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0lesions, particularly ulcerated\u00a0ones,\u00a0may\u00a0become infected.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nScarring and tissue damage:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0cause scarring, tissue destruction, disfigurement, or physical disability.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPain, itching, or bleeding:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer may cause pain, itching<\/a><\/strong>, bleeding, or discomfort.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRecurrence:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0return after treatment.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEmotional effects:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0be associated with anxiety<\/a><\/strong>, depression, distress, or fear.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer is diagnosed by examining suspicious skin changes and, when needed, examining a skin sample under a microscope1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMedical history and skin examination:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00a0doctor\u00a0reviews the clinical history and examines suspicious lesions, including their size, shape, colour, texture, borders, and recent changes1<\/a>,8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDermoscopy:<\/strong>\u00a0Dermoscopy\u00a0is a non-invasive examination of a\u00a0lesion\u00a0using a special magnifying\u00a0lens, helping doctors see features that may not be visible to the naked eye. It can\u00a0help\u00a0improve the detection of\u00a0skin cancer\u00a0and\u00a0identify\u00a0it at an earlier stage1<\/a>,9<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSkin biopsy:<\/strong>\u00a0If a skin area looks abnormal or suspicious, a biopsy may be performed. The removed tissue is examined under a microscope by a pathologist to check for cancer cells8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFurther tests:<\/strong>\u00a0If cancer has been diagnosed,\u00a0imaging such as CT, ultrasound, PET scan, and\u00a0other evaluations may be used to\u00a0determine\u00a0whether it has spread and how far, including staging of skin cancer8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatment\u00a0of\u00a0Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment depends on the type and stage of skin cancer, the size and location of the tumour, and the person\u2019s overall health8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Skin cancer treatment\u00a0involves8<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSurgery:\u00a0<\/strong>The cancer is removed surgically, including excisional surgery in which the tumour and some surrounding healthy\u00a0tissue\u00a0are removed.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMohs surgery:<\/strong>\u00a0In this treatment, the\u00a0tumour is removed layer by layer, with each layer examined under a microscope until no cancer cells\u00a0remain.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCurettage and electrodesiccation:\u00a0<\/strong>The tumour is scraped away, and an electrical current is used to destroy remaining cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCryosurgery:<\/strong>\u00a0Liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRadiation therapy:<\/strong>\u00a0High\u00a0energy radiation is used to kill cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedicines:<\/strong>\u00a0Some skin cancers may be treated with medicines\u00a0applied to the skin, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the type and stage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Prevention of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nSome of the tips to prevent skin cancer\u00a0include10<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Did You\u00a0Know?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\nUltraviolet\u00a0radiation is\u00a0proven to be carcinogenic\u00a0for humans3<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nThe risk of developing melanoma\u00a0doubles\u00a0if you have five or more sunburns3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nMelanoma has a 99%,\u00a05-year survival rate when diagnosed early3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Types of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe type of skin cancer depends on which type of skin cells\u00a0become cancerous4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC):<\/strong>\u00a0Squamous cell carcinoma starts in the squamous cells, which form the\u00a0topmost\u00a0layer of the skin.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBasal cell carcinoma (BCC):<\/strong>\u00a0Basal cell carcinoma starts in the basal cells, which are\u00a0located\u00a0beneath the squamous cells.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMelanoma:<\/strong>\u00a0It starts in melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colour. Melanoma is less common than basal and squamous cell carcinomas but causes more deaths because it can spread to other parts of the body.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Signs and Symptoms of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nA change in the skin is the most common\u00a0sign of skin cancer.\u00a0Skin cancer symptoms\u00a0include5<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nA new growth:<\/strong>\u00a0A new growth on the skin\u00a0may\u00a0be a sign of skin cancer.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nA sore that does not heal:\u00a0<\/strong>A sore that does not heal, particularly one that is crusty or bleeds, can be a sign of basal cell carcinoma.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nA different colour\u00a0or textured skin patch:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00a0scaly patch, a\u00a0firm,\u00a0skin- or\u00a0red-coloured bump, or an open sore that bleeds\u00a0may\u00a0indicate\u00a0a squamous cell carcinoma.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in a mole or spot:<\/strong>\u00a0Warning signs of melanoma include an asymmetrical shape, irregular border, uneven colour, a\u00a0spot or mole with\u00a0diameter larger than a pea, or a spot\u00a0or mole\u00a0that\u00a0has\u00a0changed\u00a0in\u00a0the previous few weeks to months.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer develops when abnormal changes in skin cells cause them to grow and multiply uncontrollably, with UV radiation being a major cause of many types of skin cancer1<\/a>,4<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Various\u00a0skin cancer causes\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nUV radiation\u00a0exposure:<\/strong>\u00a0Unprotected overexposure to the sun\u2019s ultraviolet (UV) rays can damage the DNA of skin cells and contribute to skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nArtificial UV radiation:<\/strong>\u00a0Unprotected\u00a0UV exposure from tanning beds and lamps can damage skin cell DNA and contribute to skin cancer4<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nDNA mutations:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer can develop when mutations accumulate in the DNA,\u00a0the\u00a0basic genetic material of skin cells and promote abnormal cell growth\u00a0when triggered by factors such as inflammation1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEnvironmental chemicals:<\/strong>\u00a0Exposure to certain toxic chemicals can also contribute to skin cancer, including cancer developing\u00a0in\u00a0areas not usually exposed to sunlight1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors for Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSeveral factors, such as the following,\u00a0can increase the risk of developing skin cancer:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nExposure to UV rays:<\/strong>\u00a0People with exposure to UV radiation have increased risk of developing skin cancer6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFair skin:<\/strong>\u00a0People with lighter skin have a higher risk of skin cancer6<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nGender:\u00a0<\/strong>Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are more common in men than in women6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nOlder age:<\/strong>\u00a0The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer increases with age1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nMany or unusual moles:\u00a0<\/strong>Having many, large, or irregular\u00a0looking moles increases the risk of skin cancer6<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened immune system:<\/strong>\u00a0People with weakened immunity are more likely to develop skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLiving at higher altitudes or in a sunny climate:<\/strong>\u00a0People living in a sunny climate or at higher altitudes are at increased risk of skin cancer6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nPersonal or family history:\u00a0<\/strong>A\u00a0personal\u00a0history of previously having\u00a0skin cancer or\u00a0having a\u00a0parent or sibling with skin cancer increases\u00a0the\u00a0risk\u00a0for skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nPrevious\u00a0radiation treatment:<\/strong>\u00a0Radiation treatment can increase the risk of skin cancer in the\u00a0previously\u00a0treated area1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nSkin that burns easily, or light-coloured eyes or hair:\u00a0<\/strong>Characteristics such as skin that burns or freckles easily\u00a0in the\u00a0sun, green or blue eyes and red or blond hair, are associated with a higher risk7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPossible complications\u00a0of skin cancer\u00a0include1<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nLocal spread:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer can invade nearby tissues, causing tissue damage and pain.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSpread to other parts of the body:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0spread to the brain, lungs, lymph nodes, or other areas of the skin.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInfection:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0lesions, particularly ulcerated\u00a0ones,\u00a0may\u00a0become infected.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nScarring and tissue damage:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0cause scarring, tissue destruction, disfigurement, or physical disability.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPain, itching, or bleeding:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer may cause pain, itching<\/a><\/strong>, bleeding, or discomfort.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRecurrence:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0return after treatment.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEmotional effects:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0be associated with anxiety<\/a><\/strong>, depression, distress, or fear.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer is diagnosed by examining suspicious skin changes and, when needed, examining a skin sample under a microscope1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMedical history and skin examination:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00a0doctor\u00a0reviews the clinical history and examines suspicious lesions, including their size, shape, colour, texture, borders, and recent changes1<\/a>,8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDermoscopy:<\/strong>\u00a0Dermoscopy\u00a0is a non-invasive examination of a\u00a0lesion\u00a0using a special magnifying\u00a0lens, helping doctors see features that may not be visible to the naked eye. It can\u00a0help\u00a0improve the detection of\u00a0skin cancer\u00a0and\u00a0identify\u00a0it at an earlier stage1<\/a>,9<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSkin biopsy:<\/strong>\u00a0If a skin area looks abnormal or suspicious, a biopsy may be performed. The removed tissue is examined under a microscope by a pathologist to check for cancer cells8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFurther tests:<\/strong>\u00a0If cancer has been diagnosed,\u00a0imaging such as CT, ultrasound, PET scan, and\u00a0other evaluations may be used to\u00a0determine\u00a0whether it has spread and how far, including staging of skin cancer8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatment\u00a0of\u00a0Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment depends on the type and stage of skin cancer, the size and location of the tumour, and the person\u2019s overall health8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Skin cancer treatment\u00a0involves8<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSurgery:\u00a0<\/strong>The cancer is removed surgically, including excisional surgery in which the tumour and some surrounding healthy\u00a0tissue\u00a0are removed.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMohs surgery:<\/strong>\u00a0In this treatment, the\u00a0tumour is removed layer by layer, with each layer examined under a microscope until no cancer cells\u00a0remain.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCurettage and electrodesiccation:\u00a0<\/strong>The tumour is scraped away, and an electrical current is used to destroy remaining cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCryosurgery:<\/strong>\u00a0Liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRadiation therapy:<\/strong>\u00a0High\u00a0energy radiation is used to kill cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedicines:<\/strong>\u00a0Some skin cancers may be treated with medicines\u00a0applied to the skin, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the type and stage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Prevention of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nSome of the tips to prevent skin cancer\u00a0include10<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
The type of skin cancer depends on which type of skin cells\u00a0become cancerous4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC):<\/strong>\u00a0Squamous cell carcinoma starts in the squamous cells, which form the\u00a0topmost\u00a0layer of the skin.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBasal cell carcinoma (BCC):<\/strong>\u00a0Basal cell carcinoma starts in the basal cells, which are\u00a0located\u00a0beneath the squamous cells.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMelanoma:<\/strong>\u00a0It starts in melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colour. Melanoma is less common than basal and squamous cell carcinomas but causes more deaths because it can spread to other parts of the body.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Signs and Symptoms of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nA change in the skin is the most common\u00a0sign of skin cancer.\u00a0Skin cancer symptoms\u00a0include5<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nA new growth:<\/strong>\u00a0A new growth on the skin\u00a0may\u00a0be a sign of skin cancer.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nA sore that does not heal:\u00a0<\/strong>A sore that does not heal, particularly one that is crusty or bleeds, can be a sign of basal cell carcinoma.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nA different colour\u00a0or textured skin patch:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00a0scaly patch, a\u00a0firm,\u00a0skin- or\u00a0red-coloured bump, or an open sore that bleeds\u00a0may\u00a0indicate\u00a0a squamous cell carcinoma.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in a mole or spot:<\/strong>\u00a0Warning signs of melanoma include an asymmetrical shape, irregular border, uneven colour, a\u00a0spot or mole with\u00a0diameter larger than a pea, or a spot\u00a0or mole\u00a0that\u00a0has\u00a0changed\u00a0in\u00a0the previous few weeks to months.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer develops when abnormal changes in skin cells cause them to grow and multiply uncontrollably, with UV radiation being a major cause of many types of skin cancer1<\/a>,4<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Various\u00a0skin cancer causes\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nUV radiation\u00a0exposure:<\/strong>\u00a0Unprotected overexposure to the sun\u2019s ultraviolet (UV) rays can damage the DNA of skin cells and contribute to skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nArtificial UV radiation:<\/strong>\u00a0Unprotected\u00a0UV exposure from tanning beds and lamps can damage skin cell DNA and contribute to skin cancer4<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nDNA mutations:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer can develop when mutations accumulate in the DNA,\u00a0the\u00a0basic genetic material of skin cells and promote abnormal cell growth\u00a0when triggered by factors such as inflammation1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEnvironmental chemicals:<\/strong>\u00a0Exposure to certain toxic chemicals can also contribute to skin cancer, including cancer developing\u00a0in\u00a0areas not usually exposed to sunlight1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors for Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSeveral factors, such as the following,\u00a0can increase the risk of developing skin cancer:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nExposure to UV rays:<\/strong>\u00a0People with exposure to UV radiation have increased risk of developing skin cancer6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFair skin:<\/strong>\u00a0People with lighter skin have a higher risk of skin cancer6<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nGender:\u00a0<\/strong>Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are more common in men than in women6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nOlder age:<\/strong>\u00a0The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer increases with age1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nMany or unusual moles:\u00a0<\/strong>Having many, large, or irregular\u00a0looking moles increases the risk of skin cancer6<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened immune system:<\/strong>\u00a0People with weakened immunity are more likely to develop skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLiving at higher altitudes or in a sunny climate:<\/strong>\u00a0People living in a sunny climate or at higher altitudes are at increased risk of skin cancer6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nPersonal or family history:\u00a0<\/strong>A\u00a0personal\u00a0history of previously having\u00a0skin cancer or\u00a0having a\u00a0parent or sibling with skin cancer increases\u00a0the\u00a0risk\u00a0for skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nPrevious\u00a0radiation treatment:<\/strong>\u00a0Radiation treatment can increase the risk of skin cancer in the\u00a0previously\u00a0treated area1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nSkin that burns easily, or light-coloured eyes or hair:\u00a0<\/strong>Characteristics such as skin that burns or freckles easily\u00a0in the\u00a0sun, green or blue eyes and red or blond hair, are associated with a higher risk7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPossible complications\u00a0of skin cancer\u00a0include1<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nLocal spread:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer can invade nearby tissues, causing tissue damage and pain.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSpread to other parts of the body:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0spread to the brain, lungs, lymph nodes, or other areas of the skin.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInfection:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0lesions, particularly ulcerated\u00a0ones,\u00a0may\u00a0become infected.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nScarring and tissue damage:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0cause scarring, tissue destruction, disfigurement, or physical disability.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPain, itching, or bleeding:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer may cause pain, itching<\/a><\/strong>, bleeding, or discomfort.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRecurrence:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0return after treatment.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEmotional effects:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0be associated with anxiety<\/a><\/strong>, depression, distress, or fear.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer is diagnosed by examining suspicious skin changes and, when needed, examining a skin sample under a microscope1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMedical history and skin examination:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00a0doctor\u00a0reviews the clinical history and examines suspicious lesions, including their size, shape, colour, texture, borders, and recent changes1<\/a>,8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDermoscopy:<\/strong>\u00a0Dermoscopy\u00a0is a non-invasive examination of a\u00a0lesion\u00a0using a special magnifying\u00a0lens, helping doctors see features that may not be visible to the naked eye. It can\u00a0help\u00a0improve the detection of\u00a0skin cancer\u00a0and\u00a0identify\u00a0it at an earlier stage1<\/a>,9<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSkin biopsy:<\/strong>\u00a0If a skin area looks abnormal or suspicious, a biopsy may be performed. The removed tissue is examined under a microscope by a pathologist to check for cancer cells8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFurther tests:<\/strong>\u00a0If cancer has been diagnosed,\u00a0imaging such as CT, ultrasound, PET scan, and\u00a0other evaluations may be used to\u00a0determine\u00a0whether it has spread and how far, including staging of skin cancer8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatment\u00a0of\u00a0Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment depends on the type and stage of skin cancer, the size and location of the tumour, and the person\u2019s overall health8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Skin cancer treatment\u00a0involves8<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSurgery:\u00a0<\/strong>The cancer is removed surgically, including excisional surgery in which the tumour and some surrounding healthy\u00a0tissue\u00a0are removed.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMohs surgery:<\/strong>\u00a0In this treatment, the\u00a0tumour is removed layer by layer, with each layer examined under a microscope until no cancer cells\u00a0remain.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCurettage and electrodesiccation:\u00a0<\/strong>The tumour is scraped away, and an electrical current is used to destroy remaining cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCryosurgery:<\/strong>\u00a0Liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRadiation therapy:<\/strong>\u00a0High\u00a0energy radiation is used to kill cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedicines:<\/strong>\u00a0Some skin cancers may be treated with medicines\u00a0applied to the skin, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the type and stage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Prevention of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nSome of the tips to prevent skin cancer\u00a0include10<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
A change in the skin is the most common\u00a0sign of skin cancer.\u00a0Skin cancer symptoms\u00a0include5<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nA new growth:<\/strong>\u00a0A new growth on the skin\u00a0may\u00a0be a sign of skin cancer.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nA sore that does not heal:\u00a0<\/strong>A sore that does not heal, particularly one that is crusty or bleeds, can be a sign of basal cell carcinoma.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nA different colour\u00a0or textured skin patch:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00a0scaly patch, a\u00a0firm,\u00a0skin- or\u00a0red-coloured bump, or an open sore that bleeds\u00a0may\u00a0indicate\u00a0a squamous cell carcinoma.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChanges in a mole or spot:<\/strong>\u00a0Warning signs of melanoma include an asymmetrical shape, irregular border, uneven colour, a\u00a0spot or mole with\u00a0diameter larger than a pea, or a spot\u00a0or mole\u00a0that\u00a0has\u00a0changed\u00a0in\u00a0the previous few weeks to months.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer develops when abnormal changes in skin cells cause them to grow and multiply uncontrollably, with UV radiation being a major cause of many types of skin cancer1<\/a>,4<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Various\u00a0skin cancer causes\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nUV radiation\u00a0exposure:<\/strong>\u00a0Unprotected overexposure to the sun\u2019s ultraviolet (UV) rays can damage the DNA of skin cells and contribute to skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nArtificial UV radiation:<\/strong>\u00a0Unprotected\u00a0UV exposure from tanning beds and lamps can damage skin cell DNA and contribute to skin cancer4<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nDNA mutations:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer can develop when mutations accumulate in the DNA,\u00a0the\u00a0basic genetic material of skin cells and promote abnormal cell growth\u00a0when triggered by factors such as inflammation1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEnvironmental chemicals:<\/strong>\u00a0Exposure to certain toxic chemicals can also contribute to skin cancer, including cancer developing\u00a0in\u00a0areas not usually exposed to sunlight1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors for Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSeveral factors, such as the following,\u00a0can increase the risk of developing skin cancer:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nExposure to UV rays:<\/strong>\u00a0People with exposure to UV radiation have increased risk of developing skin cancer6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFair skin:<\/strong>\u00a0People with lighter skin have a higher risk of skin cancer6<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nGender:\u00a0<\/strong>Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are more common in men than in women6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nOlder age:<\/strong>\u00a0The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer increases with age1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nMany or unusual moles:\u00a0<\/strong>Having many, large, or irregular\u00a0looking moles increases the risk of skin cancer6<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened immune system:<\/strong>\u00a0People with weakened immunity are more likely to develop skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLiving at higher altitudes or in a sunny climate:<\/strong>\u00a0People living in a sunny climate or at higher altitudes are at increased risk of skin cancer6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nPersonal or family history:\u00a0<\/strong>A\u00a0personal\u00a0history of previously having\u00a0skin cancer or\u00a0having a\u00a0parent or sibling with skin cancer increases\u00a0the\u00a0risk\u00a0for skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nPrevious\u00a0radiation treatment:<\/strong>\u00a0Radiation treatment can increase the risk of skin cancer in the\u00a0previously\u00a0treated area1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nSkin that burns easily, or light-coloured eyes or hair:\u00a0<\/strong>Characteristics such as skin that burns or freckles easily\u00a0in the\u00a0sun, green or blue eyes and red or blond hair, are associated with a higher risk7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPossible complications\u00a0of skin cancer\u00a0include1<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nLocal spread:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer can invade nearby tissues, causing tissue damage and pain.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSpread to other parts of the body:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0spread to the brain, lungs, lymph nodes, or other areas of the skin.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInfection:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0lesions, particularly ulcerated\u00a0ones,\u00a0may\u00a0become infected.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nScarring and tissue damage:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0cause scarring, tissue destruction, disfigurement, or physical disability.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPain, itching, or bleeding:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer may cause pain, itching<\/a><\/strong>, bleeding, or discomfort.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRecurrence:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0return after treatment.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEmotional effects:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0be associated with anxiety<\/a><\/strong>, depression, distress, or fear.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer is diagnosed by examining suspicious skin changes and, when needed, examining a skin sample under a microscope1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMedical history and skin examination:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00a0doctor\u00a0reviews the clinical history and examines suspicious lesions, including their size, shape, colour, texture, borders, and recent changes1<\/a>,8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDermoscopy:<\/strong>\u00a0Dermoscopy\u00a0is a non-invasive examination of a\u00a0lesion\u00a0using a special magnifying\u00a0lens, helping doctors see features that may not be visible to the naked eye. It can\u00a0help\u00a0improve the detection of\u00a0skin cancer\u00a0and\u00a0identify\u00a0it at an earlier stage1<\/a>,9<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSkin biopsy:<\/strong>\u00a0If a skin area looks abnormal or suspicious, a biopsy may be performed. The removed tissue is examined under a microscope by a pathologist to check for cancer cells8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFurther tests:<\/strong>\u00a0If cancer has been diagnosed,\u00a0imaging such as CT, ultrasound, PET scan, and\u00a0other evaluations may be used to\u00a0determine\u00a0whether it has spread and how far, including staging of skin cancer8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatment\u00a0of\u00a0Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment depends on the type and stage of skin cancer, the size and location of the tumour, and the person\u2019s overall health8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Skin cancer treatment\u00a0involves8<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSurgery:\u00a0<\/strong>The cancer is removed surgically, including excisional surgery in which the tumour and some surrounding healthy\u00a0tissue\u00a0are removed.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMohs surgery:<\/strong>\u00a0In this treatment, the\u00a0tumour is removed layer by layer, with each layer examined under a microscope until no cancer cells\u00a0remain.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCurettage and electrodesiccation:\u00a0<\/strong>The tumour is scraped away, and an electrical current is used to destroy remaining cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCryosurgery:<\/strong>\u00a0Liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRadiation therapy:<\/strong>\u00a0High\u00a0energy radiation is used to kill cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedicines:<\/strong>\u00a0Some skin cancers may be treated with medicines\u00a0applied to the skin, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the type and stage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Prevention of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nSome of the tips to prevent skin cancer\u00a0include10<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Skin cancer develops when abnormal changes in skin cells cause them to grow and multiply uncontrollably, with UV radiation being a major cause of many types of skin cancer1<\/a>,4<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Various\u00a0skin cancer causes\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n\nUV radiation\u00a0exposure:<\/strong>\u00a0Unprotected overexposure to the sun\u2019s ultraviolet (UV) rays can damage the DNA of skin cells and contribute to skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nArtificial UV radiation:<\/strong>\u00a0Unprotected\u00a0UV exposure from tanning beds and lamps can damage skin cell DNA and contribute to skin cancer4<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nDNA mutations:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer can develop when mutations accumulate in the DNA,\u00a0the\u00a0basic genetic material of skin cells and promote abnormal cell growth\u00a0when triggered by factors such as inflammation1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEnvironmental chemicals:<\/strong>\u00a0Exposure to certain toxic chemicals can also contribute to skin cancer, including cancer developing\u00a0in\u00a0areas not usually exposed to sunlight1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Risk Factors for Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSeveral factors, such as the following,\u00a0can increase the risk of developing skin cancer:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nExposure to UV rays:<\/strong>\u00a0People with exposure to UV radiation have increased risk of developing skin cancer6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFair skin:<\/strong>\u00a0People with lighter skin have a higher risk of skin cancer6<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nGender:\u00a0<\/strong>Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are more common in men than in women6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nOlder age:<\/strong>\u00a0The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer increases with age1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nMany or unusual moles:\u00a0<\/strong>Having many, large, or irregular\u00a0looking moles increases the risk of skin cancer6<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nWeakened immune system:<\/strong>\u00a0People with weakened immunity are more likely to develop skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLiving at higher altitudes or in a sunny climate:<\/strong>\u00a0People living in a sunny climate or at higher altitudes are at increased risk of skin cancer6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nPersonal or family history:\u00a0<\/strong>A\u00a0personal\u00a0history of previously having\u00a0skin cancer or\u00a0having a\u00a0parent or sibling with skin cancer increases\u00a0the\u00a0risk\u00a0for skin cancer1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nPrevious\u00a0radiation treatment:<\/strong>\u00a0Radiation treatment can increase the risk of skin cancer in the\u00a0previously\u00a0treated area1<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nSkin that burns easily, or light-coloured eyes or hair:\u00a0<\/strong>Characteristics such as skin that burns or freckles easily\u00a0in the\u00a0sun, green or blue eyes and red or blond hair, are associated with a higher risk7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Complications of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPossible complications\u00a0of skin cancer\u00a0include1<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nLocal spread:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer can invade nearby tissues, causing tissue damage and pain.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSpread to other parts of the body:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0spread to the brain, lungs, lymph nodes, or other areas of the skin.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInfection:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0lesions, particularly ulcerated\u00a0ones,\u00a0may\u00a0become infected.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nScarring and tissue damage:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0cause scarring, tissue destruction, disfigurement, or physical disability.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPain, itching, or bleeding:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer may cause pain, itching<\/a><\/strong>, bleeding, or discomfort.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRecurrence:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0return after treatment.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEmotional effects:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0be associated with anxiety<\/a><\/strong>, depression, distress, or fear.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer is diagnosed by examining suspicious skin changes and, when needed, examining a skin sample under a microscope1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMedical history and skin examination:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00a0doctor\u00a0reviews the clinical history and examines suspicious lesions, including their size, shape, colour, texture, borders, and recent changes1<\/a>,8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDermoscopy:<\/strong>\u00a0Dermoscopy\u00a0is a non-invasive examination of a\u00a0lesion\u00a0using a special magnifying\u00a0lens, helping doctors see features that may not be visible to the naked eye. It can\u00a0help\u00a0improve the detection of\u00a0skin cancer\u00a0and\u00a0identify\u00a0it at an earlier stage1<\/a>,9<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSkin biopsy:<\/strong>\u00a0If a skin area looks abnormal or suspicious, a biopsy may be performed. The removed tissue is examined under a microscope by a pathologist to check for cancer cells8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFurther tests:<\/strong>\u00a0If cancer has been diagnosed,\u00a0imaging such as CT, ultrasound, PET scan, and\u00a0other evaluations may be used to\u00a0determine\u00a0whether it has spread and how far, including staging of skin cancer8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatment\u00a0of\u00a0Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment depends on the type and stage of skin cancer, the size and location of the tumour, and the person\u2019s overall health8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Skin cancer treatment\u00a0involves8<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSurgery:\u00a0<\/strong>The cancer is removed surgically, including excisional surgery in which the tumour and some surrounding healthy\u00a0tissue\u00a0are removed.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMohs surgery:<\/strong>\u00a0In this treatment, the\u00a0tumour is removed layer by layer, with each layer examined under a microscope until no cancer cells\u00a0remain.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCurettage and electrodesiccation:\u00a0<\/strong>The tumour is scraped away, and an electrical current is used to destroy remaining cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCryosurgery:<\/strong>\u00a0Liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRadiation therapy:<\/strong>\u00a0High\u00a0energy radiation is used to kill cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedicines:<\/strong>\u00a0Some skin cancers may be treated with medicines\u00a0applied to the skin, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the type and stage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Prevention of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nSome of the tips to prevent skin cancer\u00a0include10<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Several factors, such as the following,\u00a0can increase the risk of developing skin cancer:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Possible complications\u00a0of skin cancer\u00a0include1<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nLocal spread:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer can invade nearby tissues, causing tissue damage and pain.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSpread to other parts of the body:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0spread to the brain, lungs, lymph nodes, or other areas of the skin.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInfection:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0lesions, particularly ulcerated\u00a0ones,\u00a0may\u00a0become infected.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nScarring and tissue damage:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0cause scarring, tissue destruction, disfigurement, or physical disability.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPain, itching, or bleeding:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer may cause pain, itching<\/a><\/strong>, bleeding, or discomfort.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRecurrence:<\/strong>\u00a0Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0return after treatment.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEmotional effects:\u00a0<\/strong>Skin cancer\u00a0may\u00a0be associated with anxiety<\/a><\/strong>, depression, distress, or fear.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSkin cancer is diagnosed by examining suspicious skin changes and, when needed, examining a skin sample under a microscope1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMedical history and skin examination:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00a0doctor\u00a0reviews the clinical history and examines suspicious lesions, including their size, shape, colour, texture, borders, and recent changes1<\/a>,8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDermoscopy:<\/strong>\u00a0Dermoscopy\u00a0is a non-invasive examination of a\u00a0lesion\u00a0using a special magnifying\u00a0lens, helping doctors see features that may not be visible to the naked eye. It can\u00a0help\u00a0improve the detection of\u00a0skin cancer\u00a0and\u00a0identify\u00a0it at an earlier stage1<\/a>,9<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSkin biopsy:<\/strong>\u00a0If a skin area looks abnormal or suspicious, a biopsy may be performed. The removed tissue is examined under a microscope by a pathologist to check for cancer cells8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFurther tests:<\/strong>\u00a0If cancer has been diagnosed,\u00a0imaging such as CT, ultrasound, PET scan, and\u00a0other evaluations may be used to\u00a0determine\u00a0whether it has spread and how far, including staging of skin cancer8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatment\u00a0of\u00a0Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment depends on the type and stage of skin cancer, the size and location of the tumour, and the person\u2019s overall health8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Skin cancer treatment\u00a0involves8<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSurgery:\u00a0<\/strong>The cancer is removed surgically, including excisional surgery in which the tumour and some surrounding healthy\u00a0tissue\u00a0are removed.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMohs surgery:<\/strong>\u00a0In this treatment, the\u00a0tumour is removed layer by layer, with each layer examined under a microscope until no cancer cells\u00a0remain.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCurettage and electrodesiccation:\u00a0<\/strong>The tumour is scraped away, and an electrical current is used to destroy remaining cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCryosurgery:<\/strong>\u00a0Liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRadiation therapy:<\/strong>\u00a0High\u00a0energy radiation is used to kill cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedicines:<\/strong>\u00a0Some skin cancers may be treated with medicines\u00a0applied to the skin, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the type and stage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Prevention of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nSome of the tips to prevent skin cancer\u00a0include10<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Skin cancer is diagnosed by examining suspicious skin changes and, when needed, examining a skin sample under a microscope1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMedical history and skin examination:<\/strong>\u00a0A\u00a0doctor\u00a0reviews the clinical history and examines suspicious lesions, including their size, shape, colour, texture, borders, and recent changes1<\/a>,8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDermoscopy:<\/strong>\u00a0Dermoscopy\u00a0is a non-invasive examination of a\u00a0lesion\u00a0using a special magnifying\u00a0lens, helping doctors see features that may not be visible to the naked eye. It can\u00a0help\u00a0improve the detection of\u00a0skin cancer\u00a0and\u00a0identify\u00a0it at an earlier stage1<\/a>,9<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSkin biopsy:<\/strong>\u00a0If a skin area looks abnormal or suspicious, a biopsy may be performed. The removed tissue is examined under a microscope by a pathologist to check for cancer cells8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nFurther tests:<\/strong>\u00a0If cancer has been diagnosed,\u00a0imaging such as CT, ultrasound, PET scan, and\u00a0other evaluations may be used to\u00a0determine\u00a0whether it has spread and how far, including staging of skin cancer8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatment\u00a0of\u00a0Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment depends on the type and stage of skin cancer, the size and location of the tumour, and the person\u2019s overall health8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Skin cancer treatment\u00a0involves8<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSurgery:\u00a0<\/strong>The cancer is removed surgically, including excisional surgery in which the tumour and some surrounding healthy\u00a0tissue\u00a0are removed.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMohs surgery:<\/strong>\u00a0In this treatment, the\u00a0tumour is removed layer by layer, with each layer examined under a microscope until no cancer cells\u00a0remain.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCurettage and electrodesiccation:\u00a0<\/strong>The tumour is scraped away, and an electrical current is used to destroy remaining cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCryosurgery:<\/strong>\u00a0Liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRadiation therapy:<\/strong>\u00a0High\u00a0energy radiation is used to kill cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedicines:<\/strong>\u00a0Some skin cancers may be treated with medicines\u00a0applied to the skin, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the type and stage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Prevention of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nSome of the tips to prevent skin cancer\u00a0include10<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Treatment depends on the type and stage of skin cancer, the size and location of the tumour, and the person\u2019s overall health8<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Skin cancer treatment\u00a0involves8<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSurgery:\u00a0<\/strong>The cancer is removed surgically, including excisional surgery in which the tumour and some surrounding healthy\u00a0tissue\u00a0are removed.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMohs surgery:<\/strong>\u00a0In this treatment, the\u00a0tumour is removed layer by layer, with each layer examined under a microscope until no cancer cells\u00a0remain.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCurettage and electrodesiccation:\u00a0<\/strong>The tumour is scraped away, and an electrical current is used to destroy remaining cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCryosurgery:<\/strong>\u00a0Liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nRadiation therapy:<\/strong>\u00a0High\u00a0energy radiation is used to kill cancer cells.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedicines:<\/strong>\u00a0Some skin cancers may be treated with medicines\u00a0applied to the skin, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy, depending on the type and stage.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Prevention of Skin Cancer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nSome of the tips to prevent skin cancer\u00a0include10<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Some of the tips to prevent skin cancer\u00a0include10<\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n