Table of Contents<\/p>\nToggle<\/span><\/path><\/svg><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label>Introduction<\/a><\/li>What\u00a0Is\u00a0Prolactin?<\/a><\/li>Normal Prolactin Levels<\/a><\/li>Causes of High Prolactin<\/a><\/li>Symptoms of High Prolactin<\/a><\/li>Diagnosis of High Prolactin<\/a><\/li>High Prolactin Treatment<\/a><\/li>When to Consult a\u00a0Doctor?<\/a><\/li>Conclusion<\/a><\/li>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><\/li>References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n \n <\/span>\n \n <\/a>\n<\/span>Introduction<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nHave you ever experienced irregular periods,\u00a0unusual\u00a0breast discharge, reduced interest in sex, or fertility problems?\u00a0These might be the symptoms of\u00a0high prolactin levels\u00a0in your body, which\u00a0is\u00a0called\u00a0hyperprolactinemia1<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Many people are not aware\u00a0of\u00a0this condition until they start developing\u00a0these\u00a0symptoms. Although this seems frightening, high prolactin levels can easily be managed with proper diagnosis and treatment.\u00a0Understanding the causes and symptoms can help you seek medical advice at the right time.\u00a0This article\u00a0discusses\u00a0key information about hyperprolactinaemia, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>What\u00a0Is\u00a0Prolactin?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nProlactin is a hormone produced by\u00a0the pituitary gland,\u00a0a small gland at the base of the brain. This hormone plays\u00a0an\u00a0important role\u00a0in\u00a0the normal\u00a0functioning of the body in\u00a0both\u00a0males\u00a0and\u00a0females. However, its main function is to support breast development during pregnancy and help with milk production after childbirth. It is also involved in reproductive health and menstrual cycle regulation1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Normal Prolactin Levels<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe following table shows normal prolactin levels in\u00a0males\u00a0and in\u00a0females:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nCategory<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Normal Prolactin levels<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Male\u00a0(Adult)\u00a0<\/td>3\u201320\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Non-pregnant\u00a0female\u00a0<\/td>5\u201325\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Pregnant\u00a0female\u00a0<\/td>100\u2013500\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nNormal\u00a0prolactin levels may\u00a0differ\u00a0between\u00a0laboratories\u00a0as\u00a0different methods\u00a0may be used\u00a0to perform\u00a0the\u00a0test.\u00a0Prolactin\u00a0levels\u00a0in\u00a0males and females\u00a0are also different. In\u00a0females, the values\u00a0may\u00a0be\u00a0high during pregnancy, which\u00a0is quite natural.\u00a0However,\u00a0<\/strong>high prolactin levels in non-pregnant females\u00a0may\u00a0be considered hyperprolactinemia, which needs medical attention.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nNot all people\u00a0with\u00a0high prolactin levels\u00a0may have\u00a0symptoms1<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Therefore,\u00a0it is important to\u00a0have\u00a0your results\u00a0interpreted\u00a0by a qualified doctor to understand your condition and get\u00a0proper care and treatment\u00a0if needed2<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nHigh prolactin levels can occur due to normal body changes, certain medical conditions, or the use of some medications.\u00a0The\u00a0causes of high prolactin\u00a0levels\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Physiological Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThese are conditions where prolactin levels increase\u00a0naturally:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nPregnancy:<\/strong>\u00a0Enlargement of\u00a0the\u00a0pituitary gland during this period\u00a0causes increased prolactin release.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBreastfeeding:<\/strong>\u00a0Nipple stimulation and suckling by the baby can increase prolactin production, as this\u00a0hormone is important for breast milk production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSleep:\u00a0<\/strong>Sleep can also temporarily increase prolactin levels3<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStress:<\/strong>\u00a0Physical or emotional stress can\u00a0increase\u00a0prolactin levels\u00a0temporarily.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise:<\/strong>\u00a0Intense\u00a0physical activity may cause an\u00a0increase in prolactin\u00a0for\u00a0a\u00a0short\u00a0period4<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n2. Pathological Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nMedical conditions that can increase prolactin levels\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nLiver Disease:<\/strong> Impaired liver function\u00a0may\u00a0lead to higher prolactin levels1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypothyroidism:<\/strong>\u00a0Higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and reduced production of thyroid hormones can stimulate the production of prolactin4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nProlactinoma:<\/strong>\u00a0This\u00a0non-cancerous tumour\u00a0can increase prolactin\u00a0secretion\u00a0from the pituitary gland\u00a0(most common pathological cause)4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic Kidney Disease:<\/strong>\u00a0Reduced kidney function in kidney patients causes\u00a0an\u00a0increase in prolactin levels due to poor clearance of the hormone5<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS):\u00a0<\/strong>Hormonal disturbances\u00a0due to\u00a0PCOS<\/a><\/strong> may sometimes lead to\u00a0a\u00a0mild\u00a0increase in\u00a0prolactin\u00a0levels1<\/a>,4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n3. Medication-Induced Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nSome medicines\u00a0may\u00a0cause\u00a0high\u00a0prolactin\u00a0levels as a side effect, as follows:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAntidepressants:<\/strong>\u00a0Some antidepressants, such as clomipramine<\/a>, fluoxetine<\/a><\/strong>, and amitriptyline<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBlood pressure medicines:<\/strong>\u00a0Certain antihypertensive medicines, including labetalol<\/strong><\/a>, verapamil<\/strong><\/a>, and methyldopa<\/a><\/strong>, may increase prolactin as a side effect.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAntiemetics:<\/strong>\u00a0Some medicines used to treat nausea and vomiting, such as domperidone<\/a><\/strong>, metoclopramide<\/strong><\/a>, and prochlorperazine<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPsychiatric Medications:<\/strong>\u00a0Certain medicines used for psychiatric conditions, including risperidone<\/strong><\/a>, fluphenazine<\/strong><\/a>, and haloperidol<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nHigh prolactin levels\u00a0symptoms\u00a0can vary\u00a0between\u00a0males and females.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Symptoms in\u00a0Males<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThe symptoms that\u00a0indicate\u00a0high prolactin levels in males\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n Reduced sexual drive\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNipple discharge\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nErectile dysfunction (difficulty getting or keeping an erection)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nReduced facial and\u00a0body hair growth1<\/a><\/sup> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n2. Symptoms in Females<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThe symptoms that\u00a0indicate\u00a0high prolactin levels in females\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nIrregular or missed\u00a0menstrual periods\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty\u00a0achieving a\u00a0pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nUnusual\u00a0nipple discharge,\u00a0such as\u00a0milk discharge from the breasts without pregnancy\u00a0or breastfeeding1<\/a><\/sup> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n3. Symptoms Common in Both<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nHigh\u00a0prolactin\u00a0symptoms\u00a0<\/strong>common in\u00a0<\/strong>both\u00a0men and women\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nWeak bones\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBreast\u00a0discharge\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadache\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nVision problems (partial loss of vision)\u00a0in\u00a0individuals with\u00a0prolactinoma\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong>\u00a0Everyone with high prolactin levels\u00a0may not\u00a0experience\u00a0the same symptoms. These signs may also be linked to other medical conditions, so medical advice and proper testing are important for\u00a0an accurate\u00a0diagnosis.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nDoctors usually diagnose high prolactin levels through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medical History<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nYou\u00a0may be\u00a0asked\u00a0about\u00a0your\u00a0symptoms, menstrual history, pregnancy, stress, existing medical conditions, and the use of medications that can increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Physical Examination<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nA\u00a0physical examination\u00a0will be conducted to\u00a0look for symptoms such as breast discharge and\u00a0vision problems,\u00a0and\u00a0changes or abnormalities in hair growth.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Laboratory Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nYour doctor might suggest\u00a0several blood tests to\u00a0determine\u00a0the\u00a0presence (or suspected cause)\u00a0of\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0The most common and preliminary test\u00a0suggested\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0prolactin blood test.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nProlactin Blood Test:<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0This test\u00a0measures the prolactin levels in your\u00a0blood.\u00a0The test is recommended to be performed\u00a0while\u00a0fasting.\u00a0A\u00a0higher-than-normal\u00a0value in this\u00a0test\u00a0may\u00a0indicate\u00a0that you have\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0In some cases, such as when taking certain medicines, prolactin levels may temporarily rise. In such situations, your doctor may\u00a0advise\u00a0repeating the test, usually after 8 hours of fasting and preferably early in the morning.<\/li>\n\n\n\nThyroid Function Tests<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0These blood tests help check whether\u00a0your\u00a0thyroid gland is working properly. Low thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism) can increase the production of prolactin due to hormonal imbalance1<\/a>,4<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPregnancy Test<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0This test helps\u00a0determine whether you are pregnant, as high prolactin levels are common during pregnancy1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nKidney<\/a> and Liver Function Tests<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0These tests help detect underlying kidney or liver disease that may contribute to\u00a0high prolactin levels4<\/a><\/sup>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n4. Imaging Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\nMagnetic\u202fResonance Imaging (MRI):\u00a0<\/strong>An MRI scan may be recommended\u00a0to\u00a0get detailed images of the pituitary gland and surrounding structures in the brain. It helps\u00a0detect pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0such as prolactinoma,\u00a0identify\u00a0their size, and assess whether they are affecting nearby structures like the optic nerves4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong>\u00a0During the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia,\u00a0your\u00a0doctor\u00a0might\u00a0sometimes check for macroprolactin, a harmless inactive form of prolactin. It can falsely increase prolactin levels in blood tests even though it usually does not cause symptoms.\u00a0Therefore,\u00a0interpreting\u00a0your results by a qualified doctor is important to\u00a0avoid\u00a0a wrong diagnosis.<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>High Prolactin Treatment<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe\u00a0treatment\u00a0of\u00a0a\u00a0high prolactin\u00a0level\u00a0depends on\u00a0its\u00a0causes and\u00a0severity of the\u00a0symptoms.\u00a0In some cases, treatment may not be needed if prolactin levels are only mildly elevated and there are no symptoms.\u00a0Some\u00a0common treatment methods\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medications<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might prescribe\u00a0dopamine agonist\u00a0medicines,\u00a0such as\u00a0cabergoline and\u00a0bromocriptine,\u00a0to lower prolactin levels and shrink pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0if present.\u00a0These medicines help restore normal hormone levels\u00a0and\u00a0improve symptoms4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Treating the Underlying Cause<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nIf high prolactin is caused by a medical condition,\u00a0treating that\u00a0condition\u00a0may\u00a0help bring prolactin levels back to normal.\u00a0This\u00a0includes\u00a0treating conditions like\u00a0hypothyroidism with thyroid hormone medicines\u00a0or managing kidney or liver disease\u00a0to\u00a0help improve hormone balance7<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Surgery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might recommend surgery\u00a0if\u00a0you have\u00a0a\u00a0large\u00a0pituitary tumour\u00a0that is\u00a0causing\u00a0vision problems or\u00a0if there is poor response\u00a0to\u00a0or side effects of\u00a0medication. The procedure is usually done to remove the tumour from the pituitary gland4<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Radiation Therapy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Have you ever experienced irregular periods,\u00a0unusual\u00a0breast discharge, reduced interest in sex, or fertility problems?\u00a0These might be the symptoms of\u00a0high prolactin levels\u00a0in your body, which\u00a0is\u00a0called\u00a0hyperprolactinemia1<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Many people are not aware\u00a0of\u00a0this condition until they start developing\u00a0these\u00a0symptoms. Although this seems frightening, high prolactin levels can easily be managed with proper diagnosis and treatment.\u00a0Understanding the causes and symptoms can help you seek medical advice at the right time.\u00a0This article\u00a0discusses\u00a0key information about hyperprolactinaemia, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>What\u00a0Is\u00a0Prolactin?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nProlactin is a hormone produced by\u00a0the pituitary gland,\u00a0a small gland at the base of the brain. This hormone plays\u00a0an\u00a0important role\u00a0in\u00a0the normal\u00a0functioning of the body in\u00a0both\u00a0males\u00a0and\u00a0females. However, its main function is to support breast development during pregnancy and help with milk production after childbirth. It is also involved in reproductive health and menstrual cycle regulation1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Normal Prolactin Levels<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe following table shows normal prolactin levels in\u00a0males\u00a0and in\u00a0females:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nCategory<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Normal Prolactin levels<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Male\u00a0(Adult)\u00a0<\/td>3\u201320\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Non-pregnant\u00a0female\u00a0<\/td>5\u201325\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Pregnant\u00a0female\u00a0<\/td>100\u2013500\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nNormal\u00a0prolactin levels may\u00a0differ\u00a0between\u00a0laboratories\u00a0as\u00a0different methods\u00a0may be used\u00a0to perform\u00a0the\u00a0test.\u00a0Prolactin\u00a0levels\u00a0in\u00a0males and females\u00a0are also different. In\u00a0females, the values\u00a0may\u00a0be\u00a0high during pregnancy, which\u00a0is quite natural.\u00a0However,\u00a0<\/strong>high prolactin levels in non-pregnant females\u00a0may\u00a0be considered hyperprolactinemia, which needs medical attention.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nNot all people\u00a0with\u00a0high prolactin levels\u00a0may have\u00a0symptoms1<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Therefore,\u00a0it is important to\u00a0have\u00a0your results\u00a0interpreted\u00a0by a qualified doctor to understand your condition and get\u00a0proper care and treatment\u00a0if needed2<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nHigh prolactin levels can occur due to normal body changes, certain medical conditions, or the use of some medications.\u00a0The\u00a0causes of high prolactin\u00a0levels\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Physiological Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThese are conditions where prolactin levels increase\u00a0naturally:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nPregnancy:<\/strong>\u00a0Enlargement of\u00a0the\u00a0pituitary gland during this period\u00a0causes increased prolactin release.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBreastfeeding:<\/strong>\u00a0Nipple stimulation and suckling by the baby can increase prolactin production, as this\u00a0hormone is important for breast milk production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSleep:\u00a0<\/strong>Sleep can also temporarily increase prolactin levels3<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStress:<\/strong>\u00a0Physical or emotional stress can\u00a0increase\u00a0prolactin levels\u00a0temporarily.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise:<\/strong>\u00a0Intense\u00a0physical activity may cause an\u00a0increase in prolactin\u00a0for\u00a0a\u00a0short\u00a0period4<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n2. Pathological Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nMedical conditions that can increase prolactin levels\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nLiver Disease:<\/strong> Impaired liver function\u00a0may\u00a0lead to higher prolactin levels1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypothyroidism:<\/strong>\u00a0Higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and reduced production of thyroid hormones can stimulate the production of prolactin4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nProlactinoma:<\/strong>\u00a0This\u00a0non-cancerous tumour\u00a0can increase prolactin\u00a0secretion\u00a0from the pituitary gland\u00a0(most common pathological cause)4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic Kidney Disease:<\/strong>\u00a0Reduced kidney function in kidney patients causes\u00a0an\u00a0increase in prolactin levels due to poor clearance of the hormone5<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS):\u00a0<\/strong>Hormonal disturbances\u00a0due to\u00a0PCOS<\/a><\/strong> may sometimes lead to\u00a0a\u00a0mild\u00a0increase in\u00a0prolactin\u00a0levels1<\/a>,4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n3. Medication-Induced Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nSome medicines\u00a0may\u00a0cause\u00a0high\u00a0prolactin\u00a0levels as a side effect, as follows:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAntidepressants:<\/strong>\u00a0Some antidepressants, such as clomipramine<\/a>, fluoxetine<\/a><\/strong>, and amitriptyline<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBlood pressure medicines:<\/strong>\u00a0Certain antihypertensive medicines, including labetalol<\/strong><\/a>, verapamil<\/strong><\/a>, and methyldopa<\/a><\/strong>, may increase prolactin as a side effect.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAntiemetics:<\/strong>\u00a0Some medicines used to treat nausea and vomiting, such as domperidone<\/a><\/strong>, metoclopramide<\/strong><\/a>, and prochlorperazine<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPsychiatric Medications:<\/strong>\u00a0Certain medicines used for psychiatric conditions, including risperidone<\/strong><\/a>, fluphenazine<\/strong><\/a>, and haloperidol<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nHigh prolactin levels\u00a0symptoms\u00a0can vary\u00a0between\u00a0males and females.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Symptoms in\u00a0Males<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThe symptoms that\u00a0indicate\u00a0high prolactin levels in males\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n Reduced sexual drive\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNipple discharge\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nErectile dysfunction (difficulty getting or keeping an erection)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nReduced facial and\u00a0body hair growth1<\/a><\/sup> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n2. Symptoms in Females<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThe symptoms that\u00a0indicate\u00a0high prolactin levels in females\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nIrregular or missed\u00a0menstrual periods\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty\u00a0achieving a\u00a0pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nUnusual\u00a0nipple discharge,\u00a0such as\u00a0milk discharge from the breasts without pregnancy\u00a0or breastfeeding1<\/a><\/sup> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n3. Symptoms Common in Both<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nHigh\u00a0prolactin\u00a0symptoms\u00a0<\/strong>common in\u00a0<\/strong>both\u00a0men and women\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nWeak bones\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBreast\u00a0discharge\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadache\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nVision problems (partial loss of vision)\u00a0in\u00a0individuals with\u00a0prolactinoma\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong>\u00a0Everyone with high prolactin levels\u00a0may not\u00a0experience\u00a0the same symptoms. These signs may also be linked to other medical conditions, so medical advice and proper testing are important for\u00a0an accurate\u00a0diagnosis.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nDoctors usually diagnose high prolactin levels through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medical History<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nYou\u00a0may be\u00a0asked\u00a0about\u00a0your\u00a0symptoms, menstrual history, pregnancy, stress, existing medical conditions, and the use of medications that can increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Physical Examination<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nA\u00a0physical examination\u00a0will be conducted to\u00a0look for symptoms such as breast discharge and\u00a0vision problems,\u00a0and\u00a0changes or abnormalities in hair growth.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Laboratory Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nYour doctor might suggest\u00a0several blood tests to\u00a0determine\u00a0the\u00a0presence (or suspected cause)\u00a0of\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0The most common and preliminary test\u00a0suggested\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0prolactin blood test.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nProlactin Blood Test:<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0This test\u00a0measures the prolactin levels in your\u00a0blood.\u00a0The test is recommended to be performed\u00a0while\u00a0fasting.\u00a0A\u00a0higher-than-normal\u00a0value in this\u00a0test\u00a0may\u00a0indicate\u00a0that you have\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0In some cases, such as when taking certain medicines, prolactin levels may temporarily rise. In such situations, your doctor may\u00a0advise\u00a0repeating the test, usually after 8 hours of fasting and preferably early in the morning.<\/li>\n\n\n\nThyroid Function Tests<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0These blood tests help check whether\u00a0your\u00a0thyroid gland is working properly. Low thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism) can increase the production of prolactin due to hormonal imbalance1<\/a>,4<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPregnancy Test<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0This test helps\u00a0determine whether you are pregnant, as high prolactin levels are common during pregnancy1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nKidney<\/a> and Liver Function Tests<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0These tests help detect underlying kidney or liver disease that may contribute to\u00a0high prolactin levels4<\/a><\/sup>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n4. Imaging Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\nMagnetic\u202fResonance Imaging (MRI):\u00a0<\/strong>An MRI scan may be recommended\u00a0to\u00a0get detailed images of the pituitary gland and surrounding structures in the brain. It helps\u00a0detect pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0such as prolactinoma,\u00a0identify\u00a0their size, and assess whether they are affecting nearby structures like the optic nerves4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong>\u00a0During the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia,\u00a0your\u00a0doctor\u00a0might\u00a0sometimes check for macroprolactin, a harmless inactive form of prolactin. It can falsely increase prolactin levels in blood tests even though it usually does not cause symptoms.\u00a0Therefore,\u00a0interpreting\u00a0your results by a qualified doctor is important to\u00a0avoid\u00a0a wrong diagnosis.<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>High Prolactin Treatment<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe\u00a0treatment\u00a0of\u00a0a\u00a0high prolactin\u00a0level\u00a0depends on\u00a0its\u00a0causes and\u00a0severity of the\u00a0symptoms.\u00a0In some cases, treatment may not be needed if prolactin levels are only mildly elevated and there are no symptoms.\u00a0Some\u00a0common treatment methods\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medications<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might prescribe\u00a0dopamine agonist\u00a0medicines,\u00a0such as\u00a0cabergoline and\u00a0bromocriptine,\u00a0to lower prolactin levels and shrink pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0if present.\u00a0These medicines help restore normal hormone levels\u00a0and\u00a0improve symptoms4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Treating the Underlying Cause<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nIf high prolactin is caused by a medical condition,\u00a0treating that\u00a0condition\u00a0may\u00a0help bring prolactin levels back to normal.\u00a0This\u00a0includes\u00a0treating conditions like\u00a0hypothyroidism with thyroid hormone medicines\u00a0or managing kidney or liver disease\u00a0to\u00a0help improve hormone balance7<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Surgery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might recommend surgery\u00a0if\u00a0you have\u00a0a\u00a0large\u00a0pituitary tumour\u00a0that is\u00a0causing\u00a0vision problems or\u00a0if there is poor response\u00a0to\u00a0or side effects of\u00a0medication. The procedure is usually done to remove the tumour from the pituitary gland4<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Radiation Therapy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prolactin is a hormone produced by\u00a0the pituitary gland,\u00a0a small gland at the base of the brain. This hormone plays\u00a0an\u00a0important role\u00a0in\u00a0the normal\u00a0functioning of the body in\u00a0both\u00a0males\u00a0and\u00a0females. However, its main function is to support breast development during pregnancy and help with milk production after childbirth. It is also involved in reproductive health and menstrual cycle regulation1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Normal Prolactin Levels<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe following table shows normal prolactin levels in\u00a0males\u00a0and in\u00a0females:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nCategory<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Normal Prolactin levels<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Male\u00a0(Adult)\u00a0<\/td>3\u201320\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Non-pregnant\u00a0female\u00a0<\/td>5\u201325\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Pregnant\u00a0female\u00a0<\/td>100\u2013500\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nNormal\u00a0prolactin levels may\u00a0differ\u00a0between\u00a0laboratories\u00a0as\u00a0different methods\u00a0may be used\u00a0to perform\u00a0the\u00a0test.\u00a0Prolactin\u00a0levels\u00a0in\u00a0males and females\u00a0are also different. In\u00a0females, the values\u00a0may\u00a0be\u00a0high during pregnancy, which\u00a0is quite natural.\u00a0However,\u00a0<\/strong>high prolactin levels in non-pregnant females\u00a0may\u00a0be considered hyperprolactinemia, which needs medical attention.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nNot all people\u00a0with\u00a0high prolactin levels\u00a0may have\u00a0symptoms1<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Therefore,\u00a0it is important to\u00a0have\u00a0your results\u00a0interpreted\u00a0by a qualified doctor to understand your condition and get\u00a0proper care and treatment\u00a0if needed2<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nHigh prolactin levels can occur due to normal body changes, certain medical conditions, or the use of some medications.\u00a0The\u00a0causes of high prolactin\u00a0levels\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Physiological Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThese are conditions where prolactin levels increase\u00a0naturally:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nPregnancy:<\/strong>\u00a0Enlargement of\u00a0the\u00a0pituitary gland during this period\u00a0causes increased prolactin release.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBreastfeeding:<\/strong>\u00a0Nipple stimulation and suckling by the baby can increase prolactin production, as this\u00a0hormone is important for breast milk production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSleep:\u00a0<\/strong>Sleep can also temporarily increase prolactin levels3<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStress:<\/strong>\u00a0Physical or emotional stress can\u00a0increase\u00a0prolactin levels\u00a0temporarily.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise:<\/strong>\u00a0Intense\u00a0physical activity may cause an\u00a0increase in prolactin\u00a0for\u00a0a\u00a0short\u00a0period4<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n2. Pathological Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nMedical conditions that can increase prolactin levels\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nLiver Disease:<\/strong> Impaired liver function\u00a0may\u00a0lead to higher prolactin levels1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypothyroidism:<\/strong>\u00a0Higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and reduced production of thyroid hormones can stimulate the production of prolactin4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nProlactinoma:<\/strong>\u00a0This\u00a0non-cancerous tumour\u00a0can increase prolactin\u00a0secretion\u00a0from the pituitary gland\u00a0(most common pathological cause)4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic Kidney Disease:<\/strong>\u00a0Reduced kidney function in kidney patients causes\u00a0an\u00a0increase in prolactin levels due to poor clearance of the hormone5<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS):\u00a0<\/strong>Hormonal disturbances\u00a0due to\u00a0PCOS<\/a><\/strong> may sometimes lead to\u00a0a\u00a0mild\u00a0increase in\u00a0prolactin\u00a0levels1<\/a>,4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n3. Medication-Induced Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nSome medicines\u00a0may\u00a0cause\u00a0high\u00a0prolactin\u00a0levels as a side effect, as follows:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAntidepressants:<\/strong>\u00a0Some antidepressants, such as clomipramine<\/a>, fluoxetine<\/a><\/strong>, and amitriptyline<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBlood pressure medicines:<\/strong>\u00a0Certain antihypertensive medicines, including labetalol<\/strong><\/a>, verapamil<\/strong><\/a>, and methyldopa<\/a><\/strong>, may increase prolactin as a side effect.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAntiemetics:<\/strong>\u00a0Some medicines used to treat nausea and vomiting, such as domperidone<\/a><\/strong>, metoclopramide<\/strong><\/a>, and prochlorperazine<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPsychiatric Medications:<\/strong>\u00a0Certain medicines used for psychiatric conditions, including risperidone<\/strong><\/a>, fluphenazine<\/strong><\/a>, and haloperidol<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nHigh prolactin levels\u00a0symptoms\u00a0can vary\u00a0between\u00a0males and females.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Symptoms in\u00a0Males<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThe symptoms that\u00a0indicate\u00a0high prolactin levels in males\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n Reduced sexual drive\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNipple discharge\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nErectile dysfunction (difficulty getting or keeping an erection)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nReduced facial and\u00a0body hair growth1<\/a><\/sup> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n2. Symptoms in Females<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThe symptoms that\u00a0indicate\u00a0high prolactin levels in females\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nIrregular or missed\u00a0menstrual periods\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty\u00a0achieving a\u00a0pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nUnusual\u00a0nipple discharge,\u00a0such as\u00a0milk discharge from the breasts without pregnancy\u00a0or breastfeeding1<\/a><\/sup> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n3. Symptoms Common in Both<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nHigh\u00a0prolactin\u00a0symptoms\u00a0<\/strong>common in\u00a0<\/strong>both\u00a0men and women\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nWeak bones\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBreast\u00a0discharge\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadache\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nVision problems (partial loss of vision)\u00a0in\u00a0individuals with\u00a0prolactinoma\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong>\u00a0Everyone with high prolactin levels\u00a0may not\u00a0experience\u00a0the same symptoms. These signs may also be linked to other medical conditions, so medical advice and proper testing are important for\u00a0an accurate\u00a0diagnosis.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nDoctors usually diagnose high prolactin levels through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medical History<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nYou\u00a0may be\u00a0asked\u00a0about\u00a0your\u00a0symptoms, menstrual history, pregnancy, stress, existing medical conditions, and the use of medications that can increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Physical Examination<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nA\u00a0physical examination\u00a0will be conducted to\u00a0look for symptoms such as breast discharge and\u00a0vision problems,\u00a0and\u00a0changes or abnormalities in hair growth.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Laboratory Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nYour doctor might suggest\u00a0several blood tests to\u00a0determine\u00a0the\u00a0presence (or suspected cause)\u00a0of\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0The most common and preliminary test\u00a0suggested\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0prolactin blood test.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nProlactin Blood Test:<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0This test\u00a0measures the prolactin levels in your\u00a0blood.\u00a0The test is recommended to be performed\u00a0while\u00a0fasting.\u00a0A\u00a0higher-than-normal\u00a0value in this\u00a0test\u00a0may\u00a0indicate\u00a0that you have\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0In some cases, such as when taking certain medicines, prolactin levels may temporarily rise. In such situations, your doctor may\u00a0advise\u00a0repeating the test, usually after 8 hours of fasting and preferably early in the morning.<\/li>\n\n\n\nThyroid Function Tests<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0These blood tests help check whether\u00a0your\u00a0thyroid gland is working properly. Low thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism) can increase the production of prolactin due to hormonal imbalance1<\/a>,4<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPregnancy Test<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0This test helps\u00a0determine whether you are pregnant, as high prolactin levels are common during pregnancy1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nKidney<\/a> and Liver Function Tests<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0These tests help detect underlying kidney or liver disease that may contribute to\u00a0high prolactin levels4<\/a><\/sup>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n4. Imaging Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\nMagnetic\u202fResonance Imaging (MRI):\u00a0<\/strong>An MRI scan may be recommended\u00a0to\u00a0get detailed images of the pituitary gland and surrounding structures in the brain. It helps\u00a0detect pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0such as prolactinoma,\u00a0identify\u00a0their size, and assess whether they are affecting nearby structures like the optic nerves4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong>\u00a0During the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia,\u00a0your\u00a0doctor\u00a0might\u00a0sometimes check for macroprolactin, a harmless inactive form of prolactin. It can falsely increase prolactin levels in blood tests even though it usually does not cause symptoms.\u00a0Therefore,\u00a0interpreting\u00a0your results by a qualified doctor is important to\u00a0avoid\u00a0a wrong diagnosis.<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>High Prolactin Treatment<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe\u00a0treatment\u00a0of\u00a0a\u00a0high prolactin\u00a0level\u00a0depends on\u00a0its\u00a0causes and\u00a0severity of the\u00a0symptoms.\u00a0In some cases, treatment may not be needed if prolactin levels are only mildly elevated and there are no symptoms.\u00a0Some\u00a0common treatment methods\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medications<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might prescribe\u00a0dopamine agonist\u00a0medicines,\u00a0such as\u00a0cabergoline and\u00a0bromocriptine,\u00a0to lower prolactin levels and shrink pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0if present.\u00a0These medicines help restore normal hormone levels\u00a0and\u00a0improve symptoms4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Treating the Underlying Cause<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nIf high prolactin is caused by a medical condition,\u00a0treating that\u00a0condition\u00a0may\u00a0help bring prolactin levels back to normal.\u00a0This\u00a0includes\u00a0treating conditions like\u00a0hypothyroidism with thyroid hormone medicines\u00a0or managing kidney or liver disease\u00a0to\u00a0help improve hormone balance7<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Surgery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might recommend surgery\u00a0if\u00a0you have\u00a0a\u00a0large\u00a0pituitary tumour\u00a0that is\u00a0causing\u00a0vision problems or\u00a0if there is poor response\u00a0to\u00a0or side effects of\u00a0medication. The procedure is usually done to remove the tumour from the pituitary gland4<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Radiation Therapy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
The following table shows normal prolactin levels in\u00a0males\u00a0and in\u00a0females:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nCategory<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td>Normal Prolactin levels<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Male\u00a0(Adult)\u00a0<\/td>3\u201320\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Non-pregnant\u00a0female\u00a0<\/td>5\u201325\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>Pregnant\u00a0female\u00a0<\/td>100\u2013500\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\nNormal\u00a0prolactin levels may\u00a0differ\u00a0between\u00a0laboratories\u00a0as\u00a0different methods\u00a0may be used\u00a0to perform\u00a0the\u00a0test.\u00a0Prolactin\u00a0levels\u00a0in\u00a0males and females\u00a0are also different. In\u00a0females, the values\u00a0may\u00a0be\u00a0high during pregnancy, which\u00a0is quite natural.\u00a0However,\u00a0<\/strong>high prolactin levels in non-pregnant females\u00a0may\u00a0be considered hyperprolactinemia, which needs medical attention.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nNot all people\u00a0with\u00a0high prolactin levels\u00a0may have\u00a0symptoms1<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Therefore,\u00a0it is important to\u00a0have\u00a0your results\u00a0interpreted\u00a0by a qualified doctor to understand your condition and get\u00a0proper care and treatment\u00a0if needed2<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nHigh prolactin levels can occur due to normal body changes, certain medical conditions, or the use of some medications.\u00a0The\u00a0causes of high prolactin\u00a0levels\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Physiological Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThese are conditions where prolactin levels increase\u00a0naturally:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nPregnancy:<\/strong>\u00a0Enlargement of\u00a0the\u00a0pituitary gland during this period\u00a0causes increased prolactin release.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBreastfeeding:<\/strong>\u00a0Nipple stimulation and suckling by the baby can increase prolactin production, as this\u00a0hormone is important for breast milk production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSleep:\u00a0<\/strong>Sleep can also temporarily increase prolactin levels3<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStress:<\/strong>\u00a0Physical or emotional stress can\u00a0increase\u00a0prolactin levels\u00a0temporarily.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise:<\/strong>\u00a0Intense\u00a0physical activity may cause an\u00a0increase in prolactin\u00a0for\u00a0a\u00a0short\u00a0period4<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n2. Pathological Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nMedical conditions that can increase prolactin levels\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nLiver Disease:<\/strong> Impaired liver function\u00a0may\u00a0lead to higher prolactin levels1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypothyroidism:<\/strong>\u00a0Higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and reduced production of thyroid hormones can stimulate the production of prolactin4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nProlactinoma:<\/strong>\u00a0This\u00a0non-cancerous tumour\u00a0can increase prolactin\u00a0secretion\u00a0from the pituitary gland\u00a0(most common pathological cause)4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic Kidney Disease:<\/strong>\u00a0Reduced kidney function in kidney patients causes\u00a0an\u00a0increase in prolactin levels due to poor clearance of the hormone5<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS):\u00a0<\/strong>Hormonal disturbances\u00a0due to\u00a0PCOS<\/a><\/strong> may sometimes lead to\u00a0a\u00a0mild\u00a0increase in\u00a0prolactin\u00a0levels1<\/a>,4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n3. Medication-Induced Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nSome medicines\u00a0may\u00a0cause\u00a0high\u00a0prolactin\u00a0levels as a side effect, as follows:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAntidepressants:<\/strong>\u00a0Some antidepressants, such as clomipramine<\/a>, fluoxetine<\/a><\/strong>, and amitriptyline<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBlood pressure medicines:<\/strong>\u00a0Certain antihypertensive medicines, including labetalol<\/strong><\/a>, verapamil<\/strong><\/a>, and methyldopa<\/a><\/strong>, may increase prolactin as a side effect.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAntiemetics:<\/strong>\u00a0Some medicines used to treat nausea and vomiting, such as domperidone<\/a><\/strong>, metoclopramide<\/strong><\/a>, and prochlorperazine<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPsychiatric Medications:<\/strong>\u00a0Certain medicines used for psychiatric conditions, including risperidone<\/strong><\/a>, fluphenazine<\/strong><\/a>, and haloperidol<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nHigh prolactin levels\u00a0symptoms\u00a0can vary\u00a0between\u00a0males and females.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Symptoms in\u00a0Males<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThe symptoms that\u00a0indicate\u00a0high prolactin levels in males\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n Reduced sexual drive\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNipple discharge\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nErectile dysfunction (difficulty getting or keeping an erection)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nReduced facial and\u00a0body hair growth1<\/a><\/sup> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n2. Symptoms in Females<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThe symptoms that\u00a0indicate\u00a0high prolactin levels in females\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nIrregular or missed\u00a0menstrual periods\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty\u00a0achieving a\u00a0pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nUnusual\u00a0nipple discharge,\u00a0such as\u00a0milk discharge from the breasts without pregnancy\u00a0or breastfeeding1<\/a><\/sup> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n3. Symptoms Common in Both<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nHigh\u00a0prolactin\u00a0symptoms\u00a0<\/strong>common in\u00a0<\/strong>both\u00a0men and women\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nWeak bones\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBreast\u00a0discharge\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadache\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nVision problems (partial loss of vision)\u00a0in\u00a0individuals with\u00a0prolactinoma\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong>\u00a0Everyone with high prolactin levels\u00a0may not\u00a0experience\u00a0the same symptoms. These signs may also be linked to other medical conditions, so medical advice and proper testing are important for\u00a0an accurate\u00a0diagnosis.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nDoctors usually diagnose high prolactin levels through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medical History<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nYou\u00a0may be\u00a0asked\u00a0about\u00a0your\u00a0symptoms, menstrual history, pregnancy, stress, existing medical conditions, and the use of medications that can increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Physical Examination<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nA\u00a0physical examination\u00a0will be conducted to\u00a0look for symptoms such as breast discharge and\u00a0vision problems,\u00a0and\u00a0changes or abnormalities in hair growth.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Laboratory Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nYour doctor might suggest\u00a0several blood tests to\u00a0determine\u00a0the\u00a0presence (or suspected cause)\u00a0of\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0The most common and preliminary test\u00a0suggested\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0prolactin blood test.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nProlactin Blood Test:<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0This test\u00a0measures the prolactin levels in your\u00a0blood.\u00a0The test is recommended to be performed\u00a0while\u00a0fasting.\u00a0A\u00a0higher-than-normal\u00a0value in this\u00a0test\u00a0may\u00a0indicate\u00a0that you have\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0In some cases, such as when taking certain medicines, prolactin levels may temporarily rise. In such situations, your doctor may\u00a0advise\u00a0repeating the test, usually after 8 hours of fasting and preferably early in the morning.<\/li>\n\n\n\nThyroid Function Tests<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0These blood tests help check whether\u00a0your\u00a0thyroid gland is working properly. Low thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism) can increase the production of prolactin due to hormonal imbalance1<\/a>,4<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPregnancy Test<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0This test helps\u00a0determine whether you are pregnant, as high prolactin levels are common during pregnancy1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nKidney<\/a> and Liver Function Tests<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0These tests help detect underlying kidney or liver disease that may contribute to\u00a0high prolactin levels4<\/a><\/sup>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n4. Imaging Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\nMagnetic\u202fResonance Imaging (MRI):\u00a0<\/strong>An MRI scan may be recommended\u00a0to\u00a0get detailed images of the pituitary gland and surrounding structures in the brain. It helps\u00a0detect pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0such as prolactinoma,\u00a0identify\u00a0their size, and assess whether they are affecting nearby structures like the optic nerves4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong>\u00a0During the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia,\u00a0your\u00a0doctor\u00a0might\u00a0sometimes check for macroprolactin, a harmless inactive form of prolactin. It can falsely increase prolactin levels in blood tests even though it usually does not cause symptoms.\u00a0Therefore,\u00a0interpreting\u00a0your results by a qualified doctor is important to\u00a0avoid\u00a0a wrong diagnosis.<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>High Prolactin Treatment<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe\u00a0treatment\u00a0of\u00a0a\u00a0high prolactin\u00a0level\u00a0depends on\u00a0its\u00a0causes and\u00a0severity of the\u00a0symptoms.\u00a0In some cases, treatment may not be needed if prolactin levels are only mildly elevated and there are no symptoms.\u00a0Some\u00a0common treatment methods\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medications<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might prescribe\u00a0dopamine agonist\u00a0medicines,\u00a0such as\u00a0cabergoline and\u00a0bromocriptine,\u00a0to lower prolactin levels and shrink pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0if present.\u00a0These medicines help restore normal hormone levels\u00a0and\u00a0improve symptoms4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Treating the Underlying Cause<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nIf high prolactin is caused by a medical condition,\u00a0treating that\u00a0condition\u00a0may\u00a0help bring prolactin levels back to normal.\u00a0This\u00a0includes\u00a0treating conditions like\u00a0hypothyroidism with thyroid hormone medicines\u00a0or managing kidney or liver disease\u00a0to\u00a0help improve hormone balance7<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Surgery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might recommend surgery\u00a0if\u00a0you have\u00a0a\u00a0large\u00a0pituitary tumour\u00a0that is\u00a0causing\u00a0vision problems or\u00a0if there is poor response\u00a0to\u00a0or side effects of\u00a0medication. The procedure is usually done to remove the tumour from the pituitary gland4<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Radiation Therapy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Normal\u00a0prolactin levels may\u00a0differ\u00a0between\u00a0laboratories\u00a0as\u00a0different methods\u00a0may be used\u00a0to perform\u00a0the\u00a0test.\u00a0Prolactin\u00a0levels\u00a0in\u00a0males and females\u00a0are also different. In\u00a0females, the values\u00a0may\u00a0be\u00a0high during pregnancy, which\u00a0is quite natural.\u00a0However,\u00a0<\/strong>high prolactin levels in non-pregnant females\u00a0may\u00a0be considered hyperprolactinemia, which needs medical attention.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nNot all people\u00a0with\u00a0high prolactin levels\u00a0may have\u00a0symptoms1<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Therefore,\u00a0it is important to\u00a0have\u00a0your results\u00a0interpreted\u00a0by a qualified doctor to understand your condition and get\u00a0proper care and treatment\u00a0if needed2<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nHigh prolactin levels can occur due to normal body changes, certain medical conditions, or the use of some medications.\u00a0The\u00a0causes of high prolactin\u00a0levels\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Physiological Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThese are conditions where prolactin levels increase\u00a0naturally:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nPregnancy:<\/strong>\u00a0Enlargement of\u00a0the\u00a0pituitary gland during this period\u00a0causes increased prolactin release.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBreastfeeding:<\/strong>\u00a0Nipple stimulation and suckling by the baby can increase prolactin production, as this\u00a0hormone is important for breast milk production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSleep:\u00a0<\/strong>Sleep can also temporarily increase prolactin levels3<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStress:<\/strong>\u00a0Physical or emotional stress can\u00a0increase\u00a0prolactin levels\u00a0temporarily.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise:<\/strong>\u00a0Intense\u00a0physical activity may cause an\u00a0increase in prolactin\u00a0for\u00a0a\u00a0short\u00a0period4<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n2. Pathological Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nMedical conditions that can increase prolactin levels\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nLiver Disease:<\/strong> Impaired liver function\u00a0may\u00a0lead to higher prolactin levels1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypothyroidism:<\/strong>\u00a0Higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and reduced production of thyroid hormones can stimulate the production of prolactin4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nProlactinoma:<\/strong>\u00a0This\u00a0non-cancerous tumour\u00a0can increase prolactin\u00a0secretion\u00a0from the pituitary gland\u00a0(most common pathological cause)4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic Kidney Disease:<\/strong>\u00a0Reduced kidney function in kidney patients causes\u00a0an\u00a0increase in prolactin levels due to poor clearance of the hormone5<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS):\u00a0<\/strong>Hormonal disturbances\u00a0due to\u00a0PCOS<\/a><\/strong> may sometimes lead to\u00a0a\u00a0mild\u00a0increase in\u00a0prolactin\u00a0levels1<\/a>,4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n3. Medication-Induced Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nSome medicines\u00a0may\u00a0cause\u00a0high\u00a0prolactin\u00a0levels as a side effect, as follows:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAntidepressants:<\/strong>\u00a0Some antidepressants, such as clomipramine<\/a>, fluoxetine<\/a><\/strong>, and amitriptyline<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBlood pressure medicines:<\/strong>\u00a0Certain antihypertensive medicines, including labetalol<\/strong><\/a>, verapamil<\/strong><\/a>, and methyldopa<\/a><\/strong>, may increase prolactin as a side effect.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAntiemetics:<\/strong>\u00a0Some medicines used to treat nausea and vomiting, such as domperidone<\/a><\/strong>, metoclopramide<\/strong><\/a>, and prochlorperazine<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPsychiatric Medications:<\/strong>\u00a0Certain medicines used for psychiatric conditions, including risperidone<\/strong><\/a>, fluphenazine<\/strong><\/a>, and haloperidol<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nHigh prolactin levels\u00a0symptoms\u00a0can vary\u00a0between\u00a0males and females.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Symptoms in\u00a0Males<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThe symptoms that\u00a0indicate\u00a0high prolactin levels in males\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n Reduced sexual drive\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNipple discharge\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nErectile dysfunction (difficulty getting or keeping an erection)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nReduced facial and\u00a0body hair growth1<\/a><\/sup> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n2. Symptoms in Females<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThe symptoms that\u00a0indicate\u00a0high prolactin levels in females\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nIrregular or missed\u00a0menstrual periods\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty\u00a0achieving a\u00a0pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nUnusual\u00a0nipple discharge,\u00a0such as\u00a0milk discharge from the breasts without pregnancy\u00a0or breastfeeding1<\/a><\/sup> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n3. Symptoms Common in Both<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nHigh\u00a0prolactin\u00a0symptoms\u00a0<\/strong>common in\u00a0<\/strong>both\u00a0men and women\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nWeak bones\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBreast\u00a0discharge\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadache\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nVision problems (partial loss of vision)\u00a0in\u00a0individuals with\u00a0prolactinoma\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong>\u00a0Everyone with high prolactin levels\u00a0may not\u00a0experience\u00a0the same symptoms. These signs may also be linked to other medical conditions, so medical advice and proper testing are important for\u00a0an accurate\u00a0diagnosis.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nDoctors usually diagnose high prolactin levels through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medical History<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nYou\u00a0may be\u00a0asked\u00a0about\u00a0your\u00a0symptoms, menstrual history, pregnancy, stress, existing medical conditions, and the use of medications that can increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Physical Examination<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nA\u00a0physical examination\u00a0will be conducted to\u00a0look for symptoms such as breast discharge and\u00a0vision problems,\u00a0and\u00a0changes or abnormalities in hair growth.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Laboratory Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nYour doctor might suggest\u00a0several blood tests to\u00a0determine\u00a0the\u00a0presence (or suspected cause)\u00a0of\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0The most common and preliminary test\u00a0suggested\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0prolactin blood test.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nProlactin Blood Test:<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0This test\u00a0measures the prolactin levels in your\u00a0blood.\u00a0The test is recommended to be performed\u00a0while\u00a0fasting.\u00a0A\u00a0higher-than-normal\u00a0value in this\u00a0test\u00a0may\u00a0indicate\u00a0that you have\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0In some cases, such as when taking certain medicines, prolactin levels may temporarily rise. In such situations, your doctor may\u00a0advise\u00a0repeating the test, usually after 8 hours of fasting and preferably early in the morning.<\/li>\n\n\n\nThyroid Function Tests<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0These blood tests help check whether\u00a0your\u00a0thyroid gland is working properly. Low thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism) can increase the production of prolactin due to hormonal imbalance1<\/a>,4<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPregnancy Test<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0This test helps\u00a0determine whether you are pregnant, as high prolactin levels are common during pregnancy1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nKidney<\/a> and Liver Function Tests<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0These tests help detect underlying kidney or liver disease that may contribute to\u00a0high prolactin levels4<\/a><\/sup>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n4. Imaging Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\nMagnetic\u202fResonance Imaging (MRI):\u00a0<\/strong>An MRI scan may be recommended\u00a0to\u00a0get detailed images of the pituitary gland and surrounding structures in the brain. It helps\u00a0detect pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0such as prolactinoma,\u00a0identify\u00a0their size, and assess whether they are affecting nearby structures like the optic nerves4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong>\u00a0During the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia,\u00a0your\u00a0doctor\u00a0might\u00a0sometimes check for macroprolactin, a harmless inactive form of prolactin. It can falsely increase prolactin levels in blood tests even though it usually does not cause symptoms.\u00a0Therefore,\u00a0interpreting\u00a0your results by a qualified doctor is important to\u00a0avoid\u00a0a wrong diagnosis.<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>High Prolactin Treatment<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe\u00a0treatment\u00a0of\u00a0a\u00a0high prolactin\u00a0level\u00a0depends on\u00a0its\u00a0causes and\u00a0severity of the\u00a0symptoms.\u00a0In some cases, treatment may not be needed if prolactin levels are only mildly elevated and there are no symptoms.\u00a0Some\u00a0common treatment methods\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medications<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might prescribe\u00a0dopamine agonist\u00a0medicines,\u00a0such as\u00a0cabergoline and\u00a0bromocriptine,\u00a0to lower prolactin levels and shrink pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0if present.\u00a0These medicines help restore normal hormone levels\u00a0and\u00a0improve symptoms4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Treating the Underlying Cause<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nIf high prolactin is caused by a medical condition,\u00a0treating that\u00a0condition\u00a0may\u00a0help bring prolactin levels back to normal.\u00a0This\u00a0includes\u00a0treating conditions like\u00a0hypothyroidism with thyroid hormone medicines\u00a0or managing kidney or liver disease\u00a0to\u00a0help improve hormone balance7<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Surgery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might recommend surgery\u00a0if\u00a0you have\u00a0a\u00a0large\u00a0pituitary tumour\u00a0that is\u00a0causing\u00a0vision problems or\u00a0if there is poor response\u00a0to\u00a0or side effects of\u00a0medication. The procedure is usually done to remove the tumour from the pituitary gland4<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Radiation Therapy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Not all people\u00a0with\u00a0high prolactin levels\u00a0may have\u00a0symptoms1<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0Therefore,\u00a0it is important to\u00a0have\u00a0your results\u00a0interpreted\u00a0by a qualified doctor to understand your condition and get\u00a0proper care and treatment\u00a0if needed2<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Causes of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nHigh prolactin levels can occur due to normal body changes, certain medical conditions, or the use of some medications.\u00a0The\u00a0causes of high prolactin\u00a0levels\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Physiological Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThese are conditions where prolactin levels increase\u00a0naturally:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nPregnancy:<\/strong>\u00a0Enlargement of\u00a0the\u00a0pituitary gland during this period\u00a0causes increased prolactin release.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBreastfeeding:<\/strong>\u00a0Nipple stimulation and suckling by the baby can increase prolactin production, as this\u00a0hormone is important for breast milk production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSleep:\u00a0<\/strong>Sleep can also temporarily increase prolactin levels3<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStress:<\/strong>\u00a0Physical or emotional stress can\u00a0increase\u00a0prolactin levels\u00a0temporarily.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise:<\/strong>\u00a0Intense\u00a0physical activity may cause an\u00a0increase in prolactin\u00a0for\u00a0a\u00a0short\u00a0period4<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n2. Pathological Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nMedical conditions that can increase prolactin levels\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nLiver Disease:<\/strong> Impaired liver function\u00a0may\u00a0lead to higher prolactin levels1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nHypothyroidism:<\/strong>\u00a0Higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and reduced production of thyroid hormones can stimulate the production of prolactin4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nProlactinoma:<\/strong>\u00a0This\u00a0non-cancerous tumour\u00a0can increase prolactin\u00a0secretion\u00a0from the pituitary gland\u00a0(most common pathological cause)4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic Kidney Disease:<\/strong>\u00a0Reduced kidney function in kidney patients causes\u00a0an\u00a0increase in prolactin levels due to poor clearance of the hormone5<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS):\u00a0<\/strong>Hormonal disturbances\u00a0due to\u00a0PCOS<\/a><\/strong> may sometimes lead to\u00a0a\u00a0mild\u00a0increase in\u00a0prolactin\u00a0levels1<\/a>,4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n3. Medication-Induced Causes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nSome medicines\u00a0may\u00a0cause\u00a0high\u00a0prolactin\u00a0levels as a side effect, as follows:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAntidepressants:<\/strong>\u00a0Some antidepressants, such as clomipramine<\/a>, fluoxetine<\/a><\/strong>, and amitriptyline<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBlood pressure medicines:<\/strong>\u00a0Certain antihypertensive medicines, including labetalol<\/strong><\/a>, verapamil<\/strong><\/a>, and methyldopa<\/a><\/strong>, may increase prolactin as a side effect.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nAntiemetics:<\/strong>\u00a0Some medicines used to treat nausea and vomiting, such as domperidone<\/a><\/strong>, metoclopramide<\/strong><\/a>, and prochlorperazine<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPsychiatric Medications:<\/strong>\u00a0Certain medicines used for psychiatric conditions, including risperidone<\/strong><\/a>, fluphenazine<\/strong><\/a>, and haloperidol<\/strong><\/a>, may increase prolactin levels4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Symptoms of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nHigh prolactin levels\u00a0symptoms\u00a0can vary\u00a0between\u00a0males and females.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Symptoms in\u00a0Males<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThe symptoms that\u00a0indicate\u00a0high prolactin levels in males\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n Reduced sexual drive\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNipple discharge\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nErectile dysfunction (difficulty getting or keeping an erection)\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nReduced facial and\u00a0body hair growth1<\/a><\/sup> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n2. Symptoms in Females<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nThe symptoms that\u00a0indicate\u00a0high prolactin levels in females\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nIrregular or missed\u00a0menstrual periods\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty\u00a0achieving a\u00a0pregnancy\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nUnusual\u00a0nipple discharge,\u00a0such as\u00a0milk discharge from the breasts without pregnancy\u00a0or breastfeeding1<\/a><\/sup> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n3. Symptoms Common in Both<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nHigh\u00a0prolactin\u00a0symptoms\u00a0<\/strong>common in\u00a0<\/strong>both\u00a0men and women\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nWeak bones\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBreast\u00a0discharge\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadache\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nVision problems (partial loss of vision)\u00a0in\u00a0individuals with\u00a0prolactinoma\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong>\u00a0Everyone with high prolactin levels\u00a0may not\u00a0experience\u00a0the same symptoms. These signs may also be linked to other medical conditions, so medical advice and proper testing are important for\u00a0an accurate\u00a0diagnosis.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nDoctors usually diagnose high prolactin levels through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medical History<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nYou\u00a0may be\u00a0asked\u00a0about\u00a0your\u00a0symptoms, menstrual history, pregnancy, stress, existing medical conditions, and the use of medications that can increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Physical Examination<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nA\u00a0physical examination\u00a0will be conducted to\u00a0look for symptoms such as breast discharge and\u00a0vision problems,\u00a0and\u00a0changes or abnormalities in hair growth.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Laboratory Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nYour doctor might suggest\u00a0several blood tests to\u00a0determine\u00a0the\u00a0presence (or suspected cause)\u00a0of\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0The most common and preliminary test\u00a0suggested\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0prolactin blood test.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nProlactin Blood Test:<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0This test\u00a0measures the prolactin levels in your\u00a0blood.\u00a0The test is recommended to be performed\u00a0while\u00a0fasting.\u00a0A\u00a0higher-than-normal\u00a0value in this\u00a0test\u00a0may\u00a0indicate\u00a0that you have\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0In some cases, such as when taking certain medicines, prolactin levels may temporarily rise. In such situations, your doctor may\u00a0advise\u00a0repeating the test, usually after 8 hours of fasting and preferably early in the morning.<\/li>\n\n\n\nThyroid Function Tests<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0These blood tests help check whether\u00a0your\u00a0thyroid gland is working properly. Low thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism) can increase the production of prolactin due to hormonal imbalance1<\/a>,4<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPregnancy Test<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0This test helps\u00a0determine whether you are pregnant, as high prolactin levels are common during pregnancy1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nKidney<\/a> and Liver Function Tests<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0These tests help detect underlying kidney or liver disease that may contribute to\u00a0high prolactin levels4<\/a><\/sup>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n4. Imaging Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\nMagnetic\u202fResonance Imaging (MRI):\u00a0<\/strong>An MRI scan may be recommended\u00a0to\u00a0get detailed images of the pituitary gland and surrounding structures in the brain. It helps\u00a0detect pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0such as prolactinoma,\u00a0identify\u00a0their size, and assess whether they are affecting nearby structures like the optic nerves4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong>\u00a0During the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia,\u00a0your\u00a0doctor\u00a0might\u00a0sometimes check for macroprolactin, a harmless inactive form of prolactin. It can falsely increase prolactin levels in blood tests even though it usually does not cause symptoms.\u00a0Therefore,\u00a0interpreting\u00a0your results by a qualified doctor is important to\u00a0avoid\u00a0a wrong diagnosis.<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>High Prolactin Treatment<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe\u00a0treatment\u00a0of\u00a0a\u00a0high prolactin\u00a0level\u00a0depends on\u00a0its\u00a0causes and\u00a0severity of the\u00a0symptoms.\u00a0In some cases, treatment may not be needed if prolactin levels are only mildly elevated and there are no symptoms.\u00a0Some\u00a0common treatment methods\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medications<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might prescribe\u00a0dopamine agonist\u00a0medicines,\u00a0such as\u00a0cabergoline and\u00a0bromocriptine,\u00a0to lower prolactin levels and shrink pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0if present.\u00a0These medicines help restore normal hormone levels\u00a0and\u00a0improve symptoms4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Treating the Underlying Cause<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nIf high prolactin is caused by a medical condition,\u00a0treating that\u00a0condition\u00a0may\u00a0help bring prolactin levels back to normal.\u00a0This\u00a0includes\u00a0treating conditions like\u00a0hypothyroidism with thyroid hormone medicines\u00a0or managing kidney or liver disease\u00a0to\u00a0help improve hormone balance7<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Surgery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might recommend surgery\u00a0if\u00a0you have\u00a0a\u00a0large\u00a0pituitary tumour\u00a0that is\u00a0causing\u00a0vision problems or\u00a0if there is poor response\u00a0to\u00a0or side effects of\u00a0medication. The procedure is usually done to remove the tumour from the pituitary gland4<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Radiation Therapy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
High prolactin levels can occur due to normal body changes, certain medical conditions, or the use of some medications.\u00a0The\u00a0causes of high prolactin\u00a0levels\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
These are conditions where prolactin levels increase\u00a0naturally:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Medical conditions that can increase prolactin levels\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Some medicines\u00a0may\u00a0cause\u00a0high\u00a0prolactin\u00a0levels as a side effect, as follows:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
High prolactin levels\u00a0symptoms\u00a0can vary\u00a0between\u00a0males and females.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The symptoms that\u00a0indicate\u00a0high prolactin levels in males\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The symptoms that\u00a0indicate\u00a0high prolactin levels in females\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
High\u00a0prolactin\u00a0symptoms\u00a0<\/strong>common in\u00a0<\/strong>both\u00a0men and women\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nWeak bones\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBreast\u00a0discharge\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nHeadache\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nVision problems (partial loss of vision)\u00a0in\u00a0individuals with\u00a0prolactinoma\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong>\u00a0Everyone with high prolactin levels\u00a0may not\u00a0experience\u00a0the same symptoms. These signs may also be linked to other medical conditions, so medical advice and proper testing are important for\u00a0an accurate\u00a0diagnosis.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nDoctors usually diagnose high prolactin levels through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medical History<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nYou\u00a0may be\u00a0asked\u00a0about\u00a0your\u00a0symptoms, menstrual history, pregnancy, stress, existing medical conditions, and the use of medications that can increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Physical Examination<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nA\u00a0physical examination\u00a0will be conducted to\u00a0look for symptoms such as breast discharge and\u00a0vision problems,\u00a0and\u00a0changes or abnormalities in hair growth.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Laboratory Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nYour doctor might suggest\u00a0several blood tests to\u00a0determine\u00a0the\u00a0presence (or suspected cause)\u00a0of\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0The most common and preliminary test\u00a0suggested\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0prolactin blood test.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nProlactin Blood Test:<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0This test\u00a0measures the prolactin levels in your\u00a0blood.\u00a0The test is recommended to be performed\u00a0while\u00a0fasting.\u00a0A\u00a0higher-than-normal\u00a0value in this\u00a0test\u00a0may\u00a0indicate\u00a0that you have\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0In some cases, such as when taking certain medicines, prolactin levels may temporarily rise. In such situations, your doctor may\u00a0advise\u00a0repeating the test, usually after 8 hours of fasting and preferably early in the morning.<\/li>\n\n\n\nThyroid Function Tests<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0These blood tests help check whether\u00a0your\u00a0thyroid gland is working properly. Low thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism) can increase the production of prolactin due to hormonal imbalance1<\/a>,4<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPregnancy Test<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0This test helps\u00a0determine whether you are pregnant, as high prolactin levels are common during pregnancy1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nKidney<\/a> and Liver Function Tests<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0These tests help detect underlying kidney or liver disease that may contribute to\u00a0high prolactin levels4<\/a><\/sup>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n4. Imaging Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\nMagnetic\u202fResonance Imaging (MRI):\u00a0<\/strong>An MRI scan may be recommended\u00a0to\u00a0get detailed images of the pituitary gland and surrounding structures in the brain. It helps\u00a0detect pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0such as prolactinoma,\u00a0identify\u00a0their size, and assess whether they are affecting nearby structures like the optic nerves4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong>\u00a0During the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia,\u00a0your\u00a0doctor\u00a0might\u00a0sometimes check for macroprolactin, a harmless inactive form of prolactin. It can falsely increase prolactin levels in blood tests even though it usually does not cause symptoms.\u00a0Therefore,\u00a0interpreting\u00a0your results by a qualified doctor is important to\u00a0avoid\u00a0a wrong diagnosis.<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>High Prolactin Treatment<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe\u00a0treatment\u00a0of\u00a0a\u00a0high prolactin\u00a0level\u00a0depends on\u00a0its\u00a0causes and\u00a0severity of the\u00a0symptoms.\u00a0In some cases, treatment may not be needed if prolactin levels are only mildly elevated and there are no symptoms.\u00a0Some\u00a0common treatment methods\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medications<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might prescribe\u00a0dopamine agonist\u00a0medicines,\u00a0such as\u00a0cabergoline and\u00a0bromocriptine,\u00a0to lower prolactin levels and shrink pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0if present.\u00a0These medicines help restore normal hormone levels\u00a0and\u00a0improve symptoms4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Treating the Underlying Cause<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nIf high prolactin is caused by a medical condition,\u00a0treating that\u00a0condition\u00a0may\u00a0help bring prolactin levels back to normal.\u00a0This\u00a0includes\u00a0treating conditions like\u00a0hypothyroidism with thyroid hormone medicines\u00a0or managing kidney or liver disease\u00a0to\u00a0help improve hormone balance7<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Surgery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might recommend surgery\u00a0if\u00a0you have\u00a0a\u00a0large\u00a0pituitary tumour\u00a0that is\u00a0causing\u00a0vision problems or\u00a0if there is poor response\u00a0to\u00a0or side effects of\u00a0medication. The procedure is usually done to remove the tumour from the pituitary gland4<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Radiation Therapy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Note:<\/strong>\u00a0Everyone with high prolactin levels\u00a0may not\u00a0experience\u00a0the same symptoms. These signs may also be linked to other medical conditions, so medical advice and proper testing are important for\u00a0an accurate\u00a0diagnosis.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Diagnosis of High Prolactin<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nDoctors usually diagnose high prolactin levels through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medical History<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nYou\u00a0may be\u00a0asked\u00a0about\u00a0your\u00a0symptoms, menstrual history, pregnancy, stress, existing medical conditions, and the use of medications that can increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Physical Examination<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nA\u00a0physical examination\u00a0will be conducted to\u00a0look for symptoms such as breast discharge and\u00a0vision problems,\u00a0and\u00a0changes or abnormalities in hair growth.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Laboratory Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nYour doctor might suggest\u00a0several blood tests to\u00a0determine\u00a0the\u00a0presence (or suspected cause)\u00a0of\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0The most common and preliminary test\u00a0suggested\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0prolactin blood test.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nProlactin Blood Test:<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0This test\u00a0measures the prolactin levels in your\u00a0blood.\u00a0The test is recommended to be performed\u00a0while\u00a0fasting.\u00a0A\u00a0higher-than-normal\u00a0value in this\u00a0test\u00a0may\u00a0indicate\u00a0that you have\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0In some cases, such as when taking certain medicines, prolactin levels may temporarily rise. In such situations, your doctor may\u00a0advise\u00a0repeating the test, usually after 8 hours of fasting and preferably early in the morning.<\/li>\n\n\n\nThyroid Function Tests<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0These blood tests help check whether\u00a0your\u00a0thyroid gland is working properly. Low thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism) can increase the production of prolactin due to hormonal imbalance1<\/a>,4<\/a>,6<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nPregnancy Test<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0This test helps\u00a0determine whether you are pregnant, as high prolactin levels are common during pregnancy1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n\n\n\nKidney<\/a> and Liver Function Tests<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a0These tests help detect underlying kidney or liver disease that may contribute to\u00a0high prolactin levels4<\/a><\/sup>. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n4. Imaging Tests<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\nMagnetic\u202fResonance Imaging (MRI):\u00a0<\/strong>An MRI scan may be recommended\u00a0to\u00a0get detailed images of the pituitary gland and surrounding structures in the brain. It helps\u00a0detect pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0such as prolactinoma,\u00a0identify\u00a0their size, and assess whether they are affecting nearby structures like the optic nerves4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong>\u00a0During the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia,\u00a0your\u00a0doctor\u00a0might\u00a0sometimes check for macroprolactin, a harmless inactive form of prolactin. It can falsely increase prolactin levels in blood tests even though it usually does not cause symptoms.\u00a0Therefore,\u00a0interpreting\u00a0your results by a qualified doctor is important to\u00a0avoid\u00a0a wrong diagnosis.<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>High Prolactin Treatment<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe\u00a0treatment\u00a0of\u00a0a\u00a0high prolactin\u00a0level\u00a0depends on\u00a0its\u00a0causes and\u00a0severity of the\u00a0symptoms.\u00a0In some cases, treatment may not be needed if prolactin levels are only mildly elevated and there are no symptoms.\u00a0Some\u00a0common treatment methods\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medications<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might prescribe\u00a0dopamine agonist\u00a0medicines,\u00a0such as\u00a0cabergoline and\u00a0bromocriptine,\u00a0to lower prolactin levels and shrink pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0if present.\u00a0These medicines help restore normal hormone levels\u00a0and\u00a0improve symptoms4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Treating the Underlying Cause<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nIf high prolactin is caused by a medical condition,\u00a0treating that\u00a0condition\u00a0may\u00a0help bring prolactin levels back to normal.\u00a0This\u00a0includes\u00a0treating conditions like\u00a0hypothyroidism with thyroid hormone medicines\u00a0or managing kidney or liver disease\u00a0to\u00a0help improve hormone balance7<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Surgery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might recommend surgery\u00a0if\u00a0you have\u00a0a\u00a0large\u00a0pituitary tumour\u00a0that is\u00a0causing\u00a0vision problems or\u00a0if there is poor response\u00a0to\u00a0or side effects of\u00a0medication. The procedure is usually done to remove the tumour from the pituitary gland4<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Radiation Therapy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Doctors usually diagnose high prolactin levels through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
You\u00a0may be\u00a0asked\u00a0about\u00a0your\u00a0symptoms, menstrual history, pregnancy, stress, existing medical conditions, and the use of medications that can increase prolactin levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u00a0physical examination\u00a0will be conducted to\u00a0look for symptoms such as breast discharge and\u00a0vision problems,\u00a0and\u00a0changes or abnormalities in hair growth.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Your doctor might suggest\u00a0several blood tests to\u00a0determine\u00a0the\u00a0presence (or suspected cause)\u00a0of\u00a0hyperprolactinemia.\u00a0The most common and preliminary test\u00a0suggested\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0prolactin blood test.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Note:<\/strong>\u00a0During the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia,\u00a0your\u00a0doctor\u00a0might\u00a0sometimes check for macroprolactin, a harmless inactive form of prolactin. It can falsely increase prolactin levels in blood tests even though it usually does not cause symptoms.\u00a0Therefore,\u00a0interpreting\u00a0your results by a qualified doctor is important to\u00a0avoid\u00a0a wrong diagnosis.<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>High Prolactin Treatment<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nThe\u00a0treatment\u00a0of\u00a0a\u00a0high prolactin\u00a0level\u00a0depends on\u00a0its\u00a0causes and\u00a0severity of the\u00a0symptoms.\u00a0In some cases, treatment may not be needed if prolactin levels are only mildly elevated and there are no symptoms.\u00a0Some\u00a0common treatment methods\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Medications<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might prescribe\u00a0dopamine agonist\u00a0medicines,\u00a0such as\u00a0cabergoline and\u00a0bromocriptine,\u00a0to lower prolactin levels and shrink pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0if present.\u00a0These medicines help restore normal hormone levels\u00a0and\u00a0improve symptoms4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Treating the Underlying Cause<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nIf high prolactin is caused by a medical condition,\u00a0treating that\u00a0condition\u00a0may\u00a0help bring prolactin levels back to normal.\u00a0This\u00a0includes\u00a0treating conditions like\u00a0hypothyroidism with thyroid hormone medicines\u00a0or managing kidney or liver disease\u00a0to\u00a0help improve hormone balance7<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Surgery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might recommend surgery\u00a0if\u00a0you have\u00a0a\u00a0large\u00a0pituitary tumour\u00a0that is\u00a0causing\u00a0vision problems or\u00a0if there is poor response\u00a0to\u00a0or side effects of\u00a0medication. The procedure is usually done to remove the tumour from the pituitary gland4<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Radiation Therapy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
The\u00a0treatment\u00a0of\u00a0a\u00a0high prolactin\u00a0level\u00a0depends on\u00a0its\u00a0causes and\u00a0severity of the\u00a0symptoms.\u00a0In some cases, treatment may not be needed if prolactin levels are only mildly elevated and there are no symptoms.\u00a0Some\u00a0common treatment methods\u00a0include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Your\u00a0doctor might prescribe\u00a0dopamine agonist\u00a0medicines,\u00a0such as\u00a0cabergoline and\u00a0bromocriptine,\u00a0to lower prolactin levels and shrink pituitary\u00a0tumours\u00a0if present.\u00a0These medicines help restore normal hormone levels\u00a0and\u00a0improve symptoms4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Treating the Underlying Cause<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nIf high prolactin is caused by a medical condition,\u00a0treating that\u00a0condition\u00a0may\u00a0help bring prolactin levels back to normal.\u00a0This\u00a0includes\u00a0treating conditions like\u00a0hypothyroidism with thyroid hormone medicines\u00a0or managing kidney or liver disease\u00a0to\u00a0help improve hormone balance7<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Surgery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might recommend surgery\u00a0if\u00a0you have\u00a0a\u00a0large\u00a0pituitary tumour\u00a0that is\u00a0causing\u00a0vision problems or\u00a0if there is poor response\u00a0to\u00a0or side effects of\u00a0medication. The procedure is usually done to remove the tumour from the pituitary gland4<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Radiation Therapy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
If high prolactin is caused by a medical condition,\u00a0treating that\u00a0condition\u00a0may\u00a0help bring prolactin levels back to normal.\u00a0This\u00a0includes\u00a0treating conditions like\u00a0hypothyroidism with thyroid hormone medicines\u00a0or managing kidney or liver disease\u00a0to\u00a0help improve hormone balance7<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Surgery<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nImage Source: freepik.com<\/sub><\/sub><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\nYour\u00a0doctor might recommend surgery\u00a0if\u00a0you have\u00a0a\u00a0large\u00a0pituitary tumour\u00a0that is\u00a0causing\u00a0vision problems or\u00a0if there is poor response\u00a0to\u00a0or side effects of\u00a0medication. The procedure is usually done to remove the tumour from the pituitary gland4<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Radiation Therapy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Your\u00a0doctor might recommend surgery\u00a0if\u00a0you have\u00a0a\u00a0large\u00a0pituitary tumour\u00a0that is\u00a0causing\u00a0vision problems or\u00a0if there is poor response\u00a0to\u00a0or side effects of\u00a0medication. The procedure is usually done to remove the tumour from the pituitary gland4<\/a>,7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Radiation Therapy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n