Table of Contents<\/p>\nToggle<\/span><\/path><\/svg><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label>Introduction<\/a><\/li>What is Testosterone?<\/a><\/li>What Causes Low Testosterone in Men?<\/a><\/li>Low Testosterone Symptoms in Men<\/a><\/li>The Connection Between Low Testosterone and Weight Gain<\/a><\/li>Tips to Manage Weight with Low Testosterone<\/a><\/li>Treatments for Low Testosterone<\/a><\/li>Important Considerations<\/a><\/li>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/a><\/li>When to See a Doctor?<\/a><\/li>Conclusion<\/a><\/li>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><\/li>References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/span>Introduction<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMany men notice small but frustrating changes as they grow old. This may include a constant feeling of tiredness despite adequate rest, a drop in energy levels, reduced muscle strength, or unexpected weight gain (particularly around the abdomen)1<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>2<\/sup><\/a>. But these changes are often overlooked (or not paid attention to) as a normal part of ageing or attributed solely to lifestyle factors.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTestosterone levels are known to decline naturally with age, at an average rate of about 1% per year after 30 to 40 years3<\/sup><\/a>. In most men, this age-related decline does not result in a clinically significant disease, however, the condition may often go under-recognized even in cases where symptoms are more pronounced, mostly relating them to aging or lifestyle factors, while an underlying hormonal imbalance, specifically low testosterone (Low T) may play a significant role in these cases1<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTherefore, through this article, we aim to examine the causes and symptoms of low testosterone, its impact on weight gain, and discuss management tips, available treatment options, and some preventive strategies.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>What is Testosterone?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTestosterone is the primary male sex hormone (produced mainly by the testicles and small amounts by the adrenal glands)4<\/sup><\/a>. It plays a central role in the physiology of numerous organs and tissues, including reproductive organs, muscle, bone, and the central nervous system. It works by binding to androgen receptors in target tissues and influences much more than sexual health alone5<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nIn men, testosterone alone and after converting to estradiol is essential for4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>5<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSexual development\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle strength\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBone density\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFat distribution\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEnergy levels\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMood regulation\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIt is also responsible for primary sexual development before birth and during puberty, as well as secondary male characteristics such as facial hair growth and voice maturity4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>What Causes Low Testosterone in Men?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nLow testosterone could result from several medical and lifestyle related factors. Common causes include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAge-related decline:<\/strong> Testosterone levels naturally begin to decline gradually in men starting around 30 to 40 years of age. This is a normal part of ageing and should not be considered a medical problem4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedication-related effects:<\/strong> Certain medicines (such as chemotherapy agents, opioids, anabolic steroids, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, glucocorticoids, and ketoconazole) can sometimes suppress testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>10<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTesticular damage or disease:<\/strong> Injury to the testes, testicular cancer, infections, or surgical removal can impair testosterone production3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>11<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDisorders of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary axis:<\/strong> Conditions affecting the hypothalamus or pituitary gland can disrupt hormonal signalling required for testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>5<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nThyroid dysfunction: <\/strong>Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function) may be associated with reduced testosterone levels4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity:<\/strong> Excess body fat can lower testosterone levels by increasing estrogen conversion and reducing hormone availability2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>. In obese individuals, measurement of free testosterone may be necessary for accurate assessment4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic illnesses and systemic conditions:<\/strong> Long-standing diseases, infections, or medical treatments can negatively affect testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>12<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Low Testosterone Symptoms in Men<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSome men with low testosterone may not experience any noticeable symptoms, while others may develop a range of physical, sexual, and psychological changes. Common low testosterone symptoms in men include4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nReduced sex drive\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty achieving\/maintaining an erection\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased body fat\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDepressive mood or low motivation\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty with concentration and memory\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSleep disturbances, including insomnia\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow sperm count\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDecreased muscle mass and strength\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLoss of bone density\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\nIt is important to note that some of these changes can occur as part of normal ageing. For example, a mild decline in sexual interest with age is common. However, a complete loss of interest in sex is not considered normal. Additionally, similar symptoms may arise from other medical conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, or from certain medications. Therefore, if any of these symptoms are persistent or troubling, it is advisable to consult a doctor for proper evaluation.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>The Connection Between Low Testosterone and Weight Gain<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTestosterone plays an important role in regulating body composition, energy balance, and metabolic health in men. This raises the common question: Does low testosterone cause weight gain?\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nEvidence shows that low testosterone levels are frequently observed in men with obesity, and the decline often becomes more common as body weight increases13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nLow testosterone causes a decline in energy levels and physical inactivity that may lead to weight gain in men. Moreover, it affects blood sugar control, insulin<\/a><\/strong> utilisation and fat metabolism causing a hormonal shift that further contributes to fat accumulation13<\/sup><\/a>. The excess adipose tissue releases metabolic and inflammatory mediators that interfere with normal hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013testicular (HPT) axis function (the hormonal control system that regulates testosterone production in men), creating a self-reinforcing cycle2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe disruption in hypothalamic signalling causes a reduction in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to decreased secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which ultimately leads to lowered testosterone production by the testes. Low testosterone further leads to weight gain by promoting increased fat storage and reducing lean muscle mass13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Rise in Estrogen<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAt the same time, excess adipose tissue enhances the conversion of testosterone into estrogen (estradiol). Elevated estrogen levels suppress GnRH release from the hypothalamus, further reducing LH (major impact) and FSH (minimal impact) secretion and aggravating testosterone deficiency.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Insulin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAdditionally, obesity-related insulin resistance lowers levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the protein responsible for transporting testosterone in the bloodstream. Reduced SHBG results in lower circulating total testosterone levels15<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Leptin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nFurther, leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, is often elevated in obesity but accompanied by reduced hypothalamic sensitivity due to leptin resistance. Under normal conditions, leptin has a stimulatory effect on the HPT axis and supports testosterone synthesis. However, in obesity, leptin resistance disrupts this signalling, so elevated leptin levels fail to enhance testosterone production and may further contribute to suppression of the reproductive axis16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Inflammatory Cytokines<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nObesity is linked to higher levels of inflammation in the body, including increased TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as oxidative stress. These inflammatory substances can interfere with the normal functioning of Leydig cells in the testes, which are responsible for producing testosterone. As a result, the testes respond less effectively to LH. Inflammation can also disrupt the HPT axis, further lowering testosterone levels16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTogether, these factors contribute to the hypogonadal\u2013obesity cycle, in which excess body fat lowers testosterone levels and testosterone deficiency accelerates fat accumulation. This cycle contributes to metabolic dysfunction and makes sustained weight management more challenging in affected men.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Tips to Manage Weight with Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nWeight reduction plays an important role in improving testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and obesity. The close link between testosterone and weight loss has been well documented, with reductions in body fat and body mass index (BMI) associated with significant increases in testosterone levels. Some practical tips include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nStrength training:<\/strong> Resistance exercise (3 times a week) supports healthy testosterone levels and helps build muscle and reduce fat mass, thereby helping with weight management17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncrease protein intake:<\/strong> High-protein foods help preserve muscle during weight loss and improve satiety. <\/sup>However, very high-protein diets (> 3.4\u2005g\/kg\/day) might negatively impact testosterone levels, so moderation is important18<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow carbohydrate intake:<\/strong> Low-carbohydrate or Mediterranean-style diets rich in whole foods, healthy fats, and lean proteins that support hormonal balance16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCut down on sugar:<\/strong> Reduce refined sugar. This improves insulin sensitivity and weight control, which may indirectly affect testosterone19<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStay physically active daily:<\/strong> Regular movement beyond structured workouts can also help maintain long-term weight control.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong> Weight loss can help improve testosterone levels in men with obesity-related secondary (functional) hypogonadism, but it is unlikely to be effective in cases of primary testicular failure or genetically determined hypogonadism.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatments for Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment for low testosterone aims to restore testosterone levels to the normal range and relieve symptoms. Please note that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended only in men with confirmed hypogonadism and related symptoms, after appropriate evaluation. The main goal of TRT is to alleviate symptoms while maintaining testosterone in the mid-normal physiological range and avoiding supraphysiological levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nSeveral formulations, such as the following, are available20<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nTopical gels and creams:<\/strong> These are applied directly on the skin. They provide steady testosterone levels but require precautions to avoid skin-to-skin transfer.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTransdermal patches: <\/strong>These patches deliver continuous hormone levels. However, skin irritation may occur, so precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInjectable testosterone:<\/strong> These injections are given intramuscularly. They are effective and affordable but may cause fluctuations in hormone levels, so they should never be taken without consulting a doctor first.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSubcutaneous pellets:<\/strong> These are implanted under the skin. They may provide long-term testosterone release, but precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNasal or buccal formulations:<\/strong> These come under non-invasive options and may require multiple doses. However, medical advice should be taken before starting.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Important Considerations<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTRT may suppress the body\u2019s natural testosterone production and sperm formation, and can worsen acne, untreated sleep apnoea or increase red blood cell levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of testosterone levels, haematocrit, and prostate health is generally recommended by the doctor and should not be used for men desiring fertility. Keep in mind that TRT is not recommended solely for age-related testosterone decline or obesity without low testosterone symptoms in men20<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMaintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMaintain a healthy weight:<\/strong> Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, lowers testosterone levels and increases its conversion to estrogen2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. So, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight helps preserve normal testosterone production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise regularly:<\/strong> Physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, supports testosterone production by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. Therefore, aim to include strength training at least 3 times per week, along with regular physical movements16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: <\/strong>Diets rich in lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support hormonal health. Additionally, limiting sugar, refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed foods helps prevent insulin resistance, which is linked to low testosterone16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Many men notice small but frustrating changes as they grow old. This may include a constant feeling of tiredness despite adequate rest, a drop in energy levels, reduced muscle strength, or unexpected weight gain (particularly around the abdomen)1<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>2<\/sup><\/a>. But these changes are often overlooked (or not paid attention to) as a normal part of ageing or attributed solely to lifestyle factors.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTestosterone levels are known to decline naturally with age, at an average rate of about 1% per year after 30 to 40 years3<\/sup><\/a>. In most men, this age-related decline does not result in a clinically significant disease, however, the condition may often go under-recognized even in cases where symptoms are more pronounced, mostly relating them to aging or lifestyle factors, while an underlying hormonal imbalance, specifically low testosterone (Low T) may play a significant role in these cases1<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTherefore, through this article, we aim to examine the causes and symptoms of low testosterone, its impact on weight gain, and discuss management tips, available treatment options, and some preventive strategies.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>What is Testosterone?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTestosterone is the primary male sex hormone (produced mainly by the testicles and small amounts by the adrenal glands)4<\/sup><\/a>. It plays a central role in the physiology of numerous organs and tissues, including reproductive organs, muscle, bone, and the central nervous system. It works by binding to androgen receptors in target tissues and influences much more than sexual health alone5<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nIn men, testosterone alone and after converting to estradiol is essential for4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>5<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSexual development\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle strength\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBone density\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFat distribution\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEnergy levels\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMood regulation\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIt is also responsible for primary sexual development before birth and during puberty, as well as secondary male characteristics such as facial hair growth and voice maturity4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>What Causes Low Testosterone in Men?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nLow testosterone could result from several medical and lifestyle related factors. Common causes include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAge-related decline:<\/strong> Testosterone levels naturally begin to decline gradually in men starting around 30 to 40 years of age. This is a normal part of ageing and should not be considered a medical problem4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedication-related effects:<\/strong> Certain medicines (such as chemotherapy agents, opioids, anabolic steroids, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, glucocorticoids, and ketoconazole) can sometimes suppress testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>10<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTesticular damage or disease:<\/strong> Injury to the testes, testicular cancer, infections, or surgical removal can impair testosterone production3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>11<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDisorders of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary axis:<\/strong> Conditions affecting the hypothalamus or pituitary gland can disrupt hormonal signalling required for testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>5<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nThyroid dysfunction: <\/strong>Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function) may be associated with reduced testosterone levels4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity:<\/strong> Excess body fat can lower testosterone levels by increasing estrogen conversion and reducing hormone availability2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>. In obese individuals, measurement of free testosterone may be necessary for accurate assessment4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic illnesses and systemic conditions:<\/strong> Long-standing diseases, infections, or medical treatments can negatively affect testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>12<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Low Testosterone Symptoms in Men<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSome men with low testosterone may not experience any noticeable symptoms, while others may develop a range of physical, sexual, and psychological changes. Common low testosterone symptoms in men include4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nReduced sex drive\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty achieving\/maintaining an erection\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased body fat\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDepressive mood or low motivation\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty with concentration and memory\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSleep disturbances, including insomnia\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow sperm count\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDecreased muscle mass and strength\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLoss of bone density\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\nIt is important to note that some of these changes can occur as part of normal ageing. For example, a mild decline in sexual interest with age is common. However, a complete loss of interest in sex is not considered normal. Additionally, similar symptoms may arise from other medical conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, or from certain medications. Therefore, if any of these symptoms are persistent or troubling, it is advisable to consult a doctor for proper evaluation.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>The Connection Between Low Testosterone and Weight Gain<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTestosterone plays an important role in regulating body composition, energy balance, and metabolic health in men. This raises the common question: Does low testosterone cause weight gain?\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nEvidence shows that low testosterone levels are frequently observed in men with obesity, and the decline often becomes more common as body weight increases13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nLow testosterone causes a decline in energy levels and physical inactivity that may lead to weight gain in men. Moreover, it affects blood sugar control, insulin<\/a><\/strong> utilisation and fat metabolism causing a hormonal shift that further contributes to fat accumulation13<\/sup><\/a>. The excess adipose tissue releases metabolic and inflammatory mediators that interfere with normal hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013testicular (HPT) axis function (the hormonal control system that regulates testosterone production in men), creating a self-reinforcing cycle2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe disruption in hypothalamic signalling causes a reduction in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to decreased secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which ultimately leads to lowered testosterone production by the testes. Low testosterone further leads to weight gain by promoting increased fat storage and reducing lean muscle mass13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Rise in Estrogen<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAt the same time, excess adipose tissue enhances the conversion of testosterone into estrogen (estradiol). Elevated estrogen levels suppress GnRH release from the hypothalamus, further reducing LH (major impact) and FSH (minimal impact) secretion and aggravating testosterone deficiency.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Insulin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAdditionally, obesity-related insulin resistance lowers levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the protein responsible for transporting testosterone in the bloodstream. Reduced SHBG results in lower circulating total testosterone levels15<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Leptin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nFurther, leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, is often elevated in obesity but accompanied by reduced hypothalamic sensitivity due to leptin resistance. Under normal conditions, leptin has a stimulatory effect on the HPT axis and supports testosterone synthesis. However, in obesity, leptin resistance disrupts this signalling, so elevated leptin levels fail to enhance testosterone production and may further contribute to suppression of the reproductive axis16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Inflammatory Cytokines<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nObesity is linked to higher levels of inflammation in the body, including increased TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as oxidative stress. These inflammatory substances can interfere with the normal functioning of Leydig cells in the testes, which are responsible for producing testosterone. As a result, the testes respond less effectively to LH. Inflammation can also disrupt the HPT axis, further lowering testosterone levels16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTogether, these factors contribute to the hypogonadal\u2013obesity cycle, in which excess body fat lowers testosterone levels and testosterone deficiency accelerates fat accumulation. This cycle contributes to metabolic dysfunction and makes sustained weight management more challenging in affected men.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Tips to Manage Weight with Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nWeight reduction plays an important role in improving testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and obesity. The close link between testosterone and weight loss has been well documented, with reductions in body fat and body mass index (BMI) associated with significant increases in testosterone levels. Some practical tips include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nStrength training:<\/strong> Resistance exercise (3 times a week) supports healthy testosterone levels and helps build muscle and reduce fat mass, thereby helping with weight management17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncrease protein intake:<\/strong> High-protein foods help preserve muscle during weight loss and improve satiety. <\/sup>However, very high-protein diets (> 3.4\u2005g\/kg\/day) might negatively impact testosterone levels, so moderation is important18<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow carbohydrate intake:<\/strong> Low-carbohydrate or Mediterranean-style diets rich in whole foods, healthy fats, and lean proteins that support hormonal balance16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCut down on sugar:<\/strong> Reduce refined sugar. This improves insulin sensitivity and weight control, which may indirectly affect testosterone19<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStay physically active daily:<\/strong> Regular movement beyond structured workouts can also help maintain long-term weight control.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong> Weight loss can help improve testosterone levels in men with obesity-related secondary (functional) hypogonadism, but it is unlikely to be effective in cases of primary testicular failure or genetically determined hypogonadism.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatments for Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment for low testosterone aims to restore testosterone levels to the normal range and relieve symptoms. Please note that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended only in men with confirmed hypogonadism and related symptoms, after appropriate evaluation. The main goal of TRT is to alleviate symptoms while maintaining testosterone in the mid-normal physiological range and avoiding supraphysiological levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nSeveral formulations, such as the following, are available20<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nTopical gels and creams:<\/strong> These are applied directly on the skin. They provide steady testosterone levels but require precautions to avoid skin-to-skin transfer.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTransdermal patches: <\/strong>These patches deliver continuous hormone levels. However, skin irritation may occur, so precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInjectable testosterone:<\/strong> These injections are given intramuscularly. They are effective and affordable but may cause fluctuations in hormone levels, so they should never be taken without consulting a doctor first.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSubcutaneous pellets:<\/strong> These are implanted under the skin. They may provide long-term testosterone release, but precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNasal or buccal formulations:<\/strong> These come under non-invasive options and may require multiple doses. However, medical advice should be taken before starting.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Important Considerations<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTRT may suppress the body\u2019s natural testosterone production and sperm formation, and can worsen acne, untreated sleep apnoea or increase red blood cell levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of testosterone levels, haematocrit, and prostate health is generally recommended by the doctor and should not be used for men desiring fertility. Keep in mind that TRT is not recommended solely for age-related testosterone decline or obesity without low testosterone symptoms in men20<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMaintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMaintain a healthy weight:<\/strong> Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, lowers testosterone levels and increases its conversion to estrogen2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. So, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight helps preserve normal testosterone production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise regularly:<\/strong> Physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, supports testosterone production by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. Therefore, aim to include strength training at least 3 times per week, along with regular physical movements16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: <\/strong>Diets rich in lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support hormonal health. Additionally, limiting sugar, refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed foods helps prevent insulin resistance, which is linked to low testosterone16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Testosterone levels are known to decline naturally with age, at an average rate of about 1% per year after 30 to 40 years3<\/sup><\/a>. In most men, this age-related decline does not result in a clinically significant disease, however, the condition may often go under-recognized even in cases where symptoms are more pronounced, mostly relating them to aging or lifestyle factors, while an underlying hormonal imbalance, specifically low testosterone (Low T) may play a significant role in these cases1<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTherefore, through this article, we aim to examine the causes and symptoms of low testosterone, its impact on weight gain, and discuss management tips, available treatment options, and some preventive strategies.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>What is Testosterone?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTestosterone is the primary male sex hormone (produced mainly by the testicles and small amounts by the adrenal glands)4<\/sup><\/a>. It plays a central role in the physiology of numerous organs and tissues, including reproductive organs, muscle, bone, and the central nervous system. It works by binding to androgen receptors in target tissues and influences much more than sexual health alone5<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nIn men, testosterone alone and after converting to estradiol is essential for4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>5<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSexual development\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle strength\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBone density\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFat distribution\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEnergy levels\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMood regulation\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIt is also responsible for primary sexual development before birth and during puberty, as well as secondary male characteristics such as facial hair growth and voice maturity4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>What Causes Low Testosterone in Men?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nLow testosterone could result from several medical and lifestyle related factors. Common causes include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAge-related decline:<\/strong> Testosterone levels naturally begin to decline gradually in men starting around 30 to 40 years of age. This is a normal part of ageing and should not be considered a medical problem4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedication-related effects:<\/strong> Certain medicines (such as chemotherapy agents, opioids, anabolic steroids, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, glucocorticoids, and ketoconazole) can sometimes suppress testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>10<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTesticular damage or disease:<\/strong> Injury to the testes, testicular cancer, infections, or surgical removal can impair testosterone production3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>11<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDisorders of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary axis:<\/strong> Conditions affecting the hypothalamus or pituitary gland can disrupt hormonal signalling required for testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>5<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nThyroid dysfunction: <\/strong>Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function) may be associated with reduced testosterone levels4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity:<\/strong> Excess body fat can lower testosterone levels by increasing estrogen conversion and reducing hormone availability2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>. In obese individuals, measurement of free testosterone may be necessary for accurate assessment4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic illnesses and systemic conditions:<\/strong> Long-standing diseases, infections, or medical treatments can negatively affect testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>12<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Low Testosterone Symptoms in Men<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSome men with low testosterone may not experience any noticeable symptoms, while others may develop a range of physical, sexual, and psychological changes. Common low testosterone symptoms in men include4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nReduced sex drive\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty achieving\/maintaining an erection\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased body fat\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDepressive mood or low motivation\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty with concentration and memory\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSleep disturbances, including insomnia\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow sperm count\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDecreased muscle mass and strength\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLoss of bone density\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\nIt is important to note that some of these changes can occur as part of normal ageing. For example, a mild decline in sexual interest with age is common. However, a complete loss of interest in sex is not considered normal. Additionally, similar symptoms may arise from other medical conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, or from certain medications. Therefore, if any of these symptoms are persistent or troubling, it is advisable to consult a doctor for proper evaluation.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>The Connection Between Low Testosterone and Weight Gain<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTestosterone plays an important role in regulating body composition, energy balance, and metabolic health in men. This raises the common question: Does low testosterone cause weight gain?\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nEvidence shows that low testosterone levels are frequently observed in men with obesity, and the decline often becomes more common as body weight increases13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nLow testosterone causes a decline in energy levels and physical inactivity that may lead to weight gain in men. Moreover, it affects blood sugar control, insulin<\/a><\/strong> utilisation and fat metabolism causing a hormonal shift that further contributes to fat accumulation13<\/sup><\/a>. The excess adipose tissue releases metabolic and inflammatory mediators that interfere with normal hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013testicular (HPT) axis function (the hormonal control system that regulates testosterone production in men), creating a self-reinforcing cycle2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe disruption in hypothalamic signalling causes a reduction in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to decreased secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which ultimately leads to lowered testosterone production by the testes. Low testosterone further leads to weight gain by promoting increased fat storage and reducing lean muscle mass13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Rise in Estrogen<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAt the same time, excess adipose tissue enhances the conversion of testosterone into estrogen (estradiol). Elevated estrogen levels suppress GnRH release from the hypothalamus, further reducing LH (major impact) and FSH (minimal impact) secretion and aggravating testosterone deficiency.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Insulin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAdditionally, obesity-related insulin resistance lowers levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the protein responsible for transporting testosterone in the bloodstream. Reduced SHBG results in lower circulating total testosterone levels15<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Leptin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nFurther, leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, is often elevated in obesity but accompanied by reduced hypothalamic sensitivity due to leptin resistance. Under normal conditions, leptin has a stimulatory effect on the HPT axis and supports testosterone synthesis. However, in obesity, leptin resistance disrupts this signalling, so elevated leptin levels fail to enhance testosterone production and may further contribute to suppression of the reproductive axis16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Inflammatory Cytokines<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nObesity is linked to higher levels of inflammation in the body, including increased TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as oxidative stress. These inflammatory substances can interfere with the normal functioning of Leydig cells in the testes, which are responsible for producing testosterone. As a result, the testes respond less effectively to LH. Inflammation can also disrupt the HPT axis, further lowering testosterone levels16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTogether, these factors contribute to the hypogonadal\u2013obesity cycle, in which excess body fat lowers testosterone levels and testosterone deficiency accelerates fat accumulation. This cycle contributes to metabolic dysfunction and makes sustained weight management more challenging in affected men.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Tips to Manage Weight with Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nWeight reduction plays an important role in improving testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and obesity. The close link between testosterone and weight loss has been well documented, with reductions in body fat and body mass index (BMI) associated with significant increases in testosterone levels. Some practical tips include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nStrength training:<\/strong> Resistance exercise (3 times a week) supports healthy testosterone levels and helps build muscle and reduce fat mass, thereby helping with weight management17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncrease protein intake:<\/strong> High-protein foods help preserve muscle during weight loss and improve satiety. <\/sup>However, very high-protein diets (> 3.4\u2005g\/kg\/day) might negatively impact testosterone levels, so moderation is important18<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow carbohydrate intake:<\/strong> Low-carbohydrate or Mediterranean-style diets rich in whole foods, healthy fats, and lean proteins that support hormonal balance16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCut down on sugar:<\/strong> Reduce refined sugar. This improves insulin sensitivity and weight control, which may indirectly affect testosterone19<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStay physically active daily:<\/strong> Regular movement beyond structured workouts can also help maintain long-term weight control.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong> Weight loss can help improve testosterone levels in men with obesity-related secondary (functional) hypogonadism, but it is unlikely to be effective in cases of primary testicular failure or genetically determined hypogonadism.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatments for Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment for low testosterone aims to restore testosterone levels to the normal range and relieve symptoms. Please note that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended only in men with confirmed hypogonadism and related symptoms, after appropriate evaluation. The main goal of TRT is to alleviate symptoms while maintaining testosterone in the mid-normal physiological range and avoiding supraphysiological levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nSeveral formulations, such as the following, are available20<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nTopical gels and creams:<\/strong> These are applied directly on the skin. They provide steady testosterone levels but require precautions to avoid skin-to-skin transfer.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTransdermal patches: <\/strong>These patches deliver continuous hormone levels. However, skin irritation may occur, so precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInjectable testosterone:<\/strong> These injections are given intramuscularly. They are effective and affordable but may cause fluctuations in hormone levels, so they should never be taken without consulting a doctor first.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSubcutaneous pellets:<\/strong> These are implanted under the skin. They may provide long-term testosterone release, but precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNasal or buccal formulations:<\/strong> These come under non-invasive options and may require multiple doses. However, medical advice should be taken before starting.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Important Considerations<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTRT may suppress the body\u2019s natural testosterone production and sperm formation, and can worsen acne, untreated sleep apnoea or increase red blood cell levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of testosterone levels, haematocrit, and prostate health is generally recommended by the doctor and should not be used for men desiring fertility. Keep in mind that TRT is not recommended solely for age-related testosterone decline or obesity without low testosterone symptoms in men20<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMaintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMaintain a healthy weight:<\/strong> Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, lowers testosterone levels and increases its conversion to estrogen2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. So, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight helps preserve normal testosterone production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise regularly:<\/strong> Physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, supports testosterone production by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. Therefore, aim to include strength training at least 3 times per week, along with regular physical movements16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: <\/strong>Diets rich in lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support hormonal health. Additionally, limiting sugar, refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed foods helps prevent insulin resistance, which is linked to low testosterone16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Therefore, through this article, we aim to examine the causes and symptoms of low testosterone, its impact on weight gain, and discuss management tips, available treatment options, and some preventive strategies.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone (produced mainly by the testicles and small amounts by the adrenal glands)4<\/sup><\/a>. It plays a central role in the physiology of numerous organs and tissues, including reproductive organs, muscle, bone, and the central nervous system. It works by binding to androgen receptors in target tissues and influences much more than sexual health alone5<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nIn men, testosterone alone and after converting to estradiol is essential for4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>5<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSexual development\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle strength\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBone density\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFat distribution\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEnergy levels\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMood regulation\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIt is also responsible for primary sexual development before birth and during puberty, as well as secondary male characteristics such as facial hair growth and voice maturity4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>What Causes Low Testosterone in Men?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nLow testosterone could result from several medical and lifestyle related factors. Common causes include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAge-related decline:<\/strong> Testosterone levels naturally begin to decline gradually in men starting around 30 to 40 years of age. This is a normal part of ageing and should not be considered a medical problem4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedication-related effects:<\/strong> Certain medicines (such as chemotherapy agents, opioids, anabolic steroids, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, glucocorticoids, and ketoconazole) can sometimes suppress testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>10<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTesticular damage or disease:<\/strong> Injury to the testes, testicular cancer, infections, or surgical removal can impair testosterone production3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>11<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDisorders of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary axis:<\/strong> Conditions affecting the hypothalamus or pituitary gland can disrupt hormonal signalling required for testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>5<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nThyroid dysfunction: <\/strong>Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function) may be associated with reduced testosterone levels4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity:<\/strong> Excess body fat can lower testosterone levels by increasing estrogen conversion and reducing hormone availability2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>. In obese individuals, measurement of free testosterone may be necessary for accurate assessment4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic illnesses and systemic conditions:<\/strong> Long-standing diseases, infections, or medical treatments can negatively affect testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>12<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Low Testosterone Symptoms in Men<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSome men with low testosterone may not experience any noticeable symptoms, while others may develop a range of physical, sexual, and psychological changes. Common low testosterone symptoms in men include4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nReduced sex drive\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty achieving\/maintaining an erection\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased body fat\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDepressive mood or low motivation\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty with concentration and memory\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSleep disturbances, including insomnia\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow sperm count\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDecreased muscle mass and strength\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLoss of bone density\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\nIt is important to note that some of these changes can occur as part of normal ageing. For example, a mild decline in sexual interest with age is common. However, a complete loss of interest in sex is not considered normal. Additionally, similar symptoms may arise from other medical conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, or from certain medications. Therefore, if any of these symptoms are persistent or troubling, it is advisable to consult a doctor for proper evaluation.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>The Connection Between Low Testosterone and Weight Gain<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTestosterone plays an important role in regulating body composition, energy balance, and metabolic health in men. This raises the common question: Does low testosterone cause weight gain?\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nEvidence shows that low testosterone levels are frequently observed in men with obesity, and the decline often becomes more common as body weight increases13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nLow testosterone causes a decline in energy levels and physical inactivity that may lead to weight gain in men. Moreover, it affects blood sugar control, insulin<\/a><\/strong> utilisation and fat metabolism causing a hormonal shift that further contributes to fat accumulation13<\/sup><\/a>. The excess adipose tissue releases metabolic and inflammatory mediators that interfere with normal hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013testicular (HPT) axis function (the hormonal control system that regulates testosterone production in men), creating a self-reinforcing cycle2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe disruption in hypothalamic signalling causes a reduction in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to decreased secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which ultimately leads to lowered testosterone production by the testes. Low testosterone further leads to weight gain by promoting increased fat storage and reducing lean muscle mass13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Rise in Estrogen<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAt the same time, excess adipose tissue enhances the conversion of testosterone into estrogen (estradiol). Elevated estrogen levels suppress GnRH release from the hypothalamus, further reducing LH (major impact) and FSH (minimal impact) secretion and aggravating testosterone deficiency.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Insulin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAdditionally, obesity-related insulin resistance lowers levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the protein responsible for transporting testosterone in the bloodstream. Reduced SHBG results in lower circulating total testosterone levels15<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Leptin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nFurther, leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, is often elevated in obesity but accompanied by reduced hypothalamic sensitivity due to leptin resistance. Under normal conditions, leptin has a stimulatory effect on the HPT axis and supports testosterone synthesis. However, in obesity, leptin resistance disrupts this signalling, so elevated leptin levels fail to enhance testosterone production and may further contribute to suppression of the reproductive axis16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Inflammatory Cytokines<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nObesity is linked to higher levels of inflammation in the body, including increased TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as oxidative stress. These inflammatory substances can interfere with the normal functioning of Leydig cells in the testes, which are responsible for producing testosterone. As a result, the testes respond less effectively to LH. Inflammation can also disrupt the HPT axis, further lowering testosterone levels16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTogether, these factors contribute to the hypogonadal\u2013obesity cycle, in which excess body fat lowers testosterone levels and testosterone deficiency accelerates fat accumulation. This cycle contributes to metabolic dysfunction and makes sustained weight management more challenging in affected men.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Tips to Manage Weight with Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nWeight reduction plays an important role in improving testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and obesity. The close link between testosterone and weight loss has been well documented, with reductions in body fat and body mass index (BMI) associated with significant increases in testosterone levels. Some practical tips include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nStrength training:<\/strong> Resistance exercise (3 times a week) supports healthy testosterone levels and helps build muscle and reduce fat mass, thereby helping with weight management17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncrease protein intake:<\/strong> High-protein foods help preserve muscle during weight loss and improve satiety. <\/sup>However, very high-protein diets (> 3.4\u2005g\/kg\/day) might negatively impact testosterone levels, so moderation is important18<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow carbohydrate intake:<\/strong> Low-carbohydrate or Mediterranean-style diets rich in whole foods, healthy fats, and lean proteins that support hormonal balance16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCut down on sugar:<\/strong> Reduce refined sugar. This improves insulin sensitivity and weight control, which may indirectly affect testosterone19<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStay physically active daily:<\/strong> Regular movement beyond structured workouts can also help maintain long-term weight control.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong> Weight loss can help improve testosterone levels in men with obesity-related secondary (functional) hypogonadism, but it is unlikely to be effective in cases of primary testicular failure or genetically determined hypogonadism.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatments for Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment for low testosterone aims to restore testosterone levels to the normal range and relieve symptoms. Please note that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended only in men with confirmed hypogonadism and related symptoms, after appropriate evaluation. The main goal of TRT is to alleviate symptoms while maintaining testosterone in the mid-normal physiological range and avoiding supraphysiological levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nSeveral formulations, such as the following, are available20<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nTopical gels and creams:<\/strong> These are applied directly on the skin. They provide steady testosterone levels but require precautions to avoid skin-to-skin transfer.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTransdermal patches: <\/strong>These patches deliver continuous hormone levels. However, skin irritation may occur, so precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInjectable testosterone:<\/strong> These injections are given intramuscularly. They are effective and affordable but may cause fluctuations in hormone levels, so they should never be taken without consulting a doctor first.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSubcutaneous pellets:<\/strong> These are implanted under the skin. They may provide long-term testosterone release, but precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNasal or buccal formulations:<\/strong> These come under non-invasive options and may require multiple doses. However, medical advice should be taken before starting.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Important Considerations<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTRT may suppress the body\u2019s natural testosterone production and sperm formation, and can worsen acne, untreated sleep apnoea or increase red blood cell levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of testosterone levels, haematocrit, and prostate health is generally recommended by the doctor and should not be used for men desiring fertility. Keep in mind that TRT is not recommended solely for age-related testosterone decline or obesity without low testosterone symptoms in men20<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMaintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMaintain a healthy weight:<\/strong> Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, lowers testosterone levels and increases its conversion to estrogen2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. So, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight helps preserve normal testosterone production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise regularly:<\/strong> Physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, supports testosterone production by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. Therefore, aim to include strength training at least 3 times per week, along with regular physical movements16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: <\/strong>Diets rich in lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support hormonal health. Additionally, limiting sugar, refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed foods helps prevent insulin resistance, which is linked to low testosterone16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
In men, testosterone alone and after converting to estradiol is essential for4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>5<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nSexual development\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMuscle strength\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nBone density\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nFat distribution\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEnergy levels\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMood regulation\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nIt is also responsible for primary sexual development before birth and during puberty, as well as secondary male characteristics such as facial hair growth and voice maturity4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>What Causes Low Testosterone in Men?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nLow testosterone could result from several medical and lifestyle related factors. Common causes include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAge-related decline:<\/strong> Testosterone levels naturally begin to decline gradually in men starting around 30 to 40 years of age. This is a normal part of ageing and should not be considered a medical problem4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedication-related effects:<\/strong> Certain medicines (such as chemotherapy agents, opioids, anabolic steroids, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, glucocorticoids, and ketoconazole) can sometimes suppress testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>10<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTesticular damage or disease:<\/strong> Injury to the testes, testicular cancer, infections, or surgical removal can impair testosterone production3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>11<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDisorders of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary axis:<\/strong> Conditions affecting the hypothalamus or pituitary gland can disrupt hormonal signalling required for testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>5<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nThyroid dysfunction: <\/strong>Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function) may be associated with reduced testosterone levels4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity:<\/strong> Excess body fat can lower testosterone levels by increasing estrogen conversion and reducing hormone availability2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>. In obese individuals, measurement of free testosterone may be necessary for accurate assessment4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic illnesses and systemic conditions:<\/strong> Long-standing diseases, infections, or medical treatments can negatively affect testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>12<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Low Testosterone Symptoms in Men<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSome men with low testosterone may not experience any noticeable symptoms, while others may develop a range of physical, sexual, and psychological changes. Common low testosterone symptoms in men include4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nReduced sex drive\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty achieving\/maintaining an erection\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased body fat\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDepressive mood or low motivation\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty with concentration and memory\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSleep disturbances, including insomnia\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow sperm count\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDecreased muscle mass and strength\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLoss of bone density\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\nIt is important to note that some of these changes can occur as part of normal ageing. For example, a mild decline in sexual interest with age is common. However, a complete loss of interest in sex is not considered normal. Additionally, similar symptoms may arise from other medical conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, or from certain medications. Therefore, if any of these symptoms are persistent or troubling, it is advisable to consult a doctor for proper evaluation.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>The Connection Between Low Testosterone and Weight Gain<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTestosterone plays an important role in regulating body composition, energy balance, and metabolic health in men. This raises the common question: Does low testosterone cause weight gain?\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nEvidence shows that low testosterone levels are frequently observed in men with obesity, and the decline often becomes more common as body weight increases13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nLow testosterone causes a decline in energy levels and physical inactivity that may lead to weight gain in men. Moreover, it affects blood sugar control, insulin<\/a><\/strong> utilisation and fat metabolism causing a hormonal shift that further contributes to fat accumulation13<\/sup><\/a>. The excess adipose tissue releases metabolic and inflammatory mediators that interfere with normal hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013testicular (HPT) axis function (the hormonal control system that regulates testosterone production in men), creating a self-reinforcing cycle2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe disruption in hypothalamic signalling causes a reduction in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to decreased secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which ultimately leads to lowered testosterone production by the testes. Low testosterone further leads to weight gain by promoting increased fat storage and reducing lean muscle mass13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Rise in Estrogen<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAt the same time, excess adipose tissue enhances the conversion of testosterone into estrogen (estradiol). Elevated estrogen levels suppress GnRH release from the hypothalamus, further reducing LH (major impact) and FSH (minimal impact) secretion and aggravating testosterone deficiency.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Insulin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAdditionally, obesity-related insulin resistance lowers levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the protein responsible for transporting testosterone in the bloodstream. Reduced SHBG results in lower circulating total testosterone levels15<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Leptin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nFurther, leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, is often elevated in obesity but accompanied by reduced hypothalamic sensitivity due to leptin resistance. Under normal conditions, leptin has a stimulatory effect on the HPT axis and supports testosterone synthesis. However, in obesity, leptin resistance disrupts this signalling, so elevated leptin levels fail to enhance testosterone production and may further contribute to suppression of the reproductive axis16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Inflammatory Cytokines<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nObesity is linked to higher levels of inflammation in the body, including increased TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as oxidative stress. These inflammatory substances can interfere with the normal functioning of Leydig cells in the testes, which are responsible for producing testosterone. As a result, the testes respond less effectively to LH. Inflammation can also disrupt the HPT axis, further lowering testosterone levels16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTogether, these factors contribute to the hypogonadal\u2013obesity cycle, in which excess body fat lowers testosterone levels and testosterone deficiency accelerates fat accumulation. This cycle contributes to metabolic dysfunction and makes sustained weight management more challenging in affected men.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Tips to Manage Weight with Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nWeight reduction plays an important role in improving testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and obesity. The close link between testosterone and weight loss has been well documented, with reductions in body fat and body mass index (BMI) associated with significant increases in testosterone levels. Some practical tips include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nStrength training:<\/strong> Resistance exercise (3 times a week) supports healthy testosterone levels and helps build muscle and reduce fat mass, thereby helping with weight management17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncrease protein intake:<\/strong> High-protein foods help preserve muscle during weight loss and improve satiety. <\/sup>However, very high-protein diets (> 3.4\u2005g\/kg\/day) might negatively impact testosterone levels, so moderation is important18<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow carbohydrate intake:<\/strong> Low-carbohydrate or Mediterranean-style diets rich in whole foods, healthy fats, and lean proteins that support hormonal balance16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCut down on sugar:<\/strong> Reduce refined sugar. This improves insulin sensitivity and weight control, which may indirectly affect testosterone19<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStay physically active daily:<\/strong> Regular movement beyond structured workouts can also help maintain long-term weight control.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong> Weight loss can help improve testosterone levels in men with obesity-related secondary (functional) hypogonadism, but it is unlikely to be effective in cases of primary testicular failure or genetically determined hypogonadism.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatments for Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment for low testosterone aims to restore testosterone levels to the normal range and relieve symptoms. Please note that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended only in men with confirmed hypogonadism and related symptoms, after appropriate evaluation. The main goal of TRT is to alleviate symptoms while maintaining testosterone in the mid-normal physiological range and avoiding supraphysiological levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nSeveral formulations, such as the following, are available20<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nTopical gels and creams:<\/strong> These are applied directly on the skin. They provide steady testosterone levels but require precautions to avoid skin-to-skin transfer.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTransdermal patches: <\/strong>These patches deliver continuous hormone levels. However, skin irritation may occur, so precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInjectable testosterone:<\/strong> These injections are given intramuscularly. They are effective and affordable but may cause fluctuations in hormone levels, so they should never be taken without consulting a doctor first.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSubcutaneous pellets:<\/strong> These are implanted under the skin. They may provide long-term testosterone release, but precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNasal or buccal formulations:<\/strong> These come under non-invasive options and may require multiple doses. However, medical advice should be taken before starting.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Important Considerations<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTRT may suppress the body\u2019s natural testosterone production and sperm formation, and can worsen acne, untreated sleep apnoea or increase red blood cell levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of testosterone levels, haematocrit, and prostate health is generally recommended by the doctor and should not be used for men desiring fertility. Keep in mind that TRT is not recommended solely for age-related testosterone decline or obesity without low testosterone symptoms in men20<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMaintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMaintain a healthy weight:<\/strong> Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, lowers testosterone levels and increases its conversion to estrogen2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. So, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight helps preserve normal testosterone production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise regularly:<\/strong> Physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, supports testosterone production by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. Therefore, aim to include strength training at least 3 times per week, along with regular physical movements16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: <\/strong>Diets rich in lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support hormonal health. Additionally, limiting sugar, refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed foods helps prevent insulin resistance, which is linked to low testosterone16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
It is also responsible for primary sexual development before birth and during puberty, as well as secondary male characteristics such as facial hair growth and voice maturity4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>What Causes Low Testosterone in Men?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nLow testosterone could result from several medical and lifestyle related factors. Common causes include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nAge-related decline:<\/strong> Testosterone levels naturally begin to decline gradually in men starting around 30 to 40 years of age. This is a normal part of ageing and should not be considered a medical problem4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nMedication-related effects:<\/strong> Certain medicines (such as chemotherapy agents, opioids, anabolic steroids, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, glucocorticoids, and ketoconazole) can sometimes suppress testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>10<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTesticular damage or disease:<\/strong> Injury to the testes, testicular cancer, infections, or surgical removal can impair testosterone production3<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>11<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDisorders of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary axis:<\/strong> Conditions affecting the hypothalamus or pituitary gland can disrupt hormonal signalling required for testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>5<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nThyroid dysfunction: <\/strong>Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function) may be associated with reduced testosterone levels4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nObesity:<\/strong> Excess body fat can lower testosterone levels by increasing estrogen conversion and reducing hormone availability2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>4<\/sup><\/a>. In obese individuals, measurement of free testosterone may be necessary for accurate assessment4<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nChronic illnesses and systemic conditions:<\/strong> Long-standing diseases, infections, or medical treatments can negatively affect testosterone production4<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>12<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Low Testosterone Symptoms in Men<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nSome men with low testosterone may not experience any noticeable symptoms, while others may develop a range of physical, sexual, and psychological changes. Common low testosterone symptoms in men include4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nReduced sex drive\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty achieving\/maintaining an erection\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased body fat\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDepressive mood or low motivation\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty with concentration and memory\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSleep disturbances, including insomnia\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow sperm count\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDecreased muscle mass and strength\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLoss of bone density\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\nIt is important to note that some of these changes can occur as part of normal ageing. For example, a mild decline in sexual interest with age is common. However, a complete loss of interest in sex is not considered normal. Additionally, similar symptoms may arise from other medical conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, or from certain medications. Therefore, if any of these symptoms are persistent or troubling, it is advisable to consult a doctor for proper evaluation.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>The Connection Between Low Testosterone and Weight Gain<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTestosterone plays an important role in regulating body composition, energy balance, and metabolic health in men. This raises the common question: Does low testosterone cause weight gain?\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nEvidence shows that low testosterone levels are frequently observed in men with obesity, and the decline often becomes more common as body weight increases13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nLow testosterone causes a decline in energy levels and physical inactivity that may lead to weight gain in men. Moreover, it affects blood sugar control, insulin<\/a><\/strong> utilisation and fat metabolism causing a hormonal shift that further contributes to fat accumulation13<\/sup><\/a>. The excess adipose tissue releases metabolic and inflammatory mediators that interfere with normal hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013testicular (HPT) axis function (the hormonal control system that regulates testosterone production in men), creating a self-reinforcing cycle2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe disruption in hypothalamic signalling causes a reduction in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to decreased secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which ultimately leads to lowered testosterone production by the testes. Low testosterone further leads to weight gain by promoting increased fat storage and reducing lean muscle mass13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Rise in Estrogen<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAt the same time, excess adipose tissue enhances the conversion of testosterone into estrogen (estradiol). Elevated estrogen levels suppress GnRH release from the hypothalamus, further reducing LH (major impact) and FSH (minimal impact) secretion and aggravating testosterone deficiency.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Insulin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAdditionally, obesity-related insulin resistance lowers levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the protein responsible for transporting testosterone in the bloodstream. Reduced SHBG results in lower circulating total testosterone levels15<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Leptin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nFurther, leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, is often elevated in obesity but accompanied by reduced hypothalamic sensitivity due to leptin resistance. Under normal conditions, leptin has a stimulatory effect on the HPT axis and supports testosterone synthesis. However, in obesity, leptin resistance disrupts this signalling, so elevated leptin levels fail to enhance testosterone production and may further contribute to suppression of the reproductive axis16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Inflammatory Cytokines<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nObesity is linked to higher levels of inflammation in the body, including increased TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as oxidative stress. These inflammatory substances can interfere with the normal functioning of Leydig cells in the testes, which are responsible for producing testosterone. As a result, the testes respond less effectively to LH. Inflammation can also disrupt the HPT axis, further lowering testosterone levels16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTogether, these factors contribute to the hypogonadal\u2013obesity cycle, in which excess body fat lowers testosterone levels and testosterone deficiency accelerates fat accumulation. This cycle contributes to metabolic dysfunction and makes sustained weight management more challenging in affected men.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Tips to Manage Weight with Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nWeight reduction plays an important role in improving testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and obesity. The close link between testosterone and weight loss has been well documented, with reductions in body fat and body mass index (BMI) associated with significant increases in testosterone levels. Some practical tips include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nStrength training:<\/strong> Resistance exercise (3 times a week) supports healthy testosterone levels and helps build muscle and reduce fat mass, thereby helping with weight management17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncrease protein intake:<\/strong> High-protein foods help preserve muscle during weight loss and improve satiety. <\/sup>However, very high-protein diets (> 3.4\u2005g\/kg\/day) might negatively impact testosterone levels, so moderation is important18<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow carbohydrate intake:<\/strong> Low-carbohydrate or Mediterranean-style diets rich in whole foods, healthy fats, and lean proteins that support hormonal balance16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCut down on sugar:<\/strong> Reduce refined sugar. This improves insulin sensitivity and weight control, which may indirectly affect testosterone19<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStay physically active daily:<\/strong> Regular movement beyond structured workouts can also help maintain long-term weight control.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong> Weight loss can help improve testosterone levels in men with obesity-related secondary (functional) hypogonadism, but it is unlikely to be effective in cases of primary testicular failure or genetically determined hypogonadism.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatments for Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment for low testosterone aims to restore testosterone levels to the normal range and relieve symptoms. Please note that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended only in men with confirmed hypogonadism and related symptoms, after appropriate evaluation. The main goal of TRT is to alleviate symptoms while maintaining testosterone in the mid-normal physiological range and avoiding supraphysiological levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nSeveral formulations, such as the following, are available20<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nTopical gels and creams:<\/strong> These are applied directly on the skin. They provide steady testosterone levels but require precautions to avoid skin-to-skin transfer.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTransdermal patches: <\/strong>These patches deliver continuous hormone levels. However, skin irritation may occur, so precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInjectable testosterone:<\/strong> These injections are given intramuscularly. They are effective and affordable but may cause fluctuations in hormone levels, so they should never be taken without consulting a doctor first.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSubcutaneous pellets:<\/strong> These are implanted under the skin. They may provide long-term testosterone release, but precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNasal or buccal formulations:<\/strong> These come under non-invasive options and may require multiple doses. However, medical advice should be taken before starting.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Important Considerations<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTRT may suppress the body\u2019s natural testosterone production and sperm formation, and can worsen acne, untreated sleep apnoea or increase red blood cell levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of testosterone levels, haematocrit, and prostate health is generally recommended by the doctor and should not be used for men desiring fertility. Keep in mind that TRT is not recommended solely for age-related testosterone decline or obesity without low testosterone symptoms in men20<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMaintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMaintain a healthy weight:<\/strong> Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, lowers testosterone levels and increases its conversion to estrogen2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. So, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight helps preserve normal testosterone production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise regularly:<\/strong> Physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, supports testosterone production by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. Therefore, aim to include strength training at least 3 times per week, along with regular physical movements16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: <\/strong>Diets rich in lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support hormonal health. Additionally, limiting sugar, refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed foods helps prevent insulin resistance, which is linked to low testosterone16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Low testosterone could result from several medical and lifestyle related factors. Common causes include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Some men with low testosterone may not experience any noticeable symptoms, while others may develop a range of physical, sexual, and psychological changes. Common low testosterone symptoms in men include4<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nReduced sex drive\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty achieving\/maintaining an erection\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncreased body fat\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDepressive mood or low motivation\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDifficulty with concentration and memory\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSleep disturbances, including insomnia\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow sperm count\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nDecreased muscle mass and strength\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLoss of bone density\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>Show Full Article<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\nIt is important to note that some of these changes can occur as part of normal ageing. For example, a mild decline in sexual interest with age is common. However, a complete loss of interest in sex is not considered normal. Additionally, similar symptoms may arise from other medical conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, or from certain medications. Therefore, if any of these symptoms are persistent or troubling, it is advisable to consult a doctor for proper evaluation.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>The Connection Between Low Testosterone and Weight Gain<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTestosterone plays an important role in regulating body composition, energy balance, and metabolic health in men. This raises the common question: Does low testosterone cause weight gain?\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nEvidence shows that low testosterone levels are frequently observed in men with obesity, and the decline often becomes more common as body weight increases13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nLow testosterone causes a decline in energy levels and physical inactivity that may lead to weight gain in men. Moreover, it affects blood sugar control, insulin<\/a><\/strong> utilisation and fat metabolism causing a hormonal shift that further contributes to fat accumulation13<\/sup><\/a>. The excess adipose tissue releases metabolic and inflammatory mediators that interfere with normal hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013testicular (HPT) axis function (the hormonal control system that regulates testosterone production in men), creating a self-reinforcing cycle2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe disruption in hypothalamic signalling causes a reduction in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to decreased secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which ultimately leads to lowered testosterone production by the testes. Low testosterone further leads to weight gain by promoting increased fat storage and reducing lean muscle mass13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Rise in Estrogen<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAt the same time, excess adipose tissue enhances the conversion of testosterone into estrogen (estradiol). Elevated estrogen levels suppress GnRH release from the hypothalamus, further reducing LH (major impact) and FSH (minimal impact) secretion and aggravating testosterone deficiency.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Insulin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAdditionally, obesity-related insulin resistance lowers levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the protein responsible for transporting testosterone in the bloodstream. Reduced SHBG results in lower circulating total testosterone levels15<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Leptin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nFurther, leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, is often elevated in obesity but accompanied by reduced hypothalamic sensitivity due to leptin resistance. Under normal conditions, leptin has a stimulatory effect on the HPT axis and supports testosterone synthesis. However, in obesity, leptin resistance disrupts this signalling, so elevated leptin levels fail to enhance testosterone production and may further contribute to suppression of the reproductive axis16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Inflammatory Cytokines<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nObesity is linked to higher levels of inflammation in the body, including increased TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as oxidative stress. These inflammatory substances can interfere with the normal functioning of Leydig cells in the testes, which are responsible for producing testosterone. As a result, the testes respond less effectively to LH. Inflammation can also disrupt the HPT axis, further lowering testosterone levels16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTogether, these factors contribute to the hypogonadal\u2013obesity cycle, in which excess body fat lowers testosterone levels and testosterone deficiency accelerates fat accumulation. This cycle contributes to metabolic dysfunction and makes sustained weight management more challenging in affected men.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Tips to Manage Weight with Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nWeight reduction plays an important role in improving testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and obesity. The close link between testosterone and weight loss has been well documented, with reductions in body fat and body mass index (BMI) associated with significant increases in testosterone levels. Some practical tips include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nStrength training:<\/strong> Resistance exercise (3 times a week) supports healthy testosterone levels and helps build muscle and reduce fat mass, thereby helping with weight management17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncrease protein intake:<\/strong> High-protein foods help preserve muscle during weight loss and improve satiety. <\/sup>However, very high-protein diets (> 3.4\u2005g\/kg\/day) might negatively impact testosterone levels, so moderation is important18<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow carbohydrate intake:<\/strong> Low-carbohydrate or Mediterranean-style diets rich in whole foods, healthy fats, and lean proteins that support hormonal balance16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCut down on sugar:<\/strong> Reduce refined sugar. This improves insulin sensitivity and weight control, which may indirectly affect testosterone19<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStay physically active daily:<\/strong> Regular movement beyond structured workouts can also help maintain long-term weight control.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong> Weight loss can help improve testosterone levels in men with obesity-related secondary (functional) hypogonadism, but it is unlikely to be effective in cases of primary testicular failure or genetically determined hypogonadism.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatments for Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment for low testosterone aims to restore testosterone levels to the normal range and relieve symptoms. Please note that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended only in men with confirmed hypogonadism and related symptoms, after appropriate evaluation. The main goal of TRT is to alleviate symptoms while maintaining testosterone in the mid-normal physiological range and avoiding supraphysiological levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nSeveral formulations, such as the following, are available20<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nTopical gels and creams:<\/strong> These are applied directly on the skin. They provide steady testosterone levels but require precautions to avoid skin-to-skin transfer.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTransdermal patches: <\/strong>These patches deliver continuous hormone levels. However, skin irritation may occur, so precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInjectable testosterone:<\/strong> These injections are given intramuscularly. They are effective and affordable but may cause fluctuations in hormone levels, so they should never be taken without consulting a doctor first.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSubcutaneous pellets:<\/strong> These are implanted under the skin. They may provide long-term testosterone release, but precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNasal or buccal formulations:<\/strong> These come under non-invasive options and may require multiple doses. However, medical advice should be taken before starting.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Important Considerations<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTRT may suppress the body\u2019s natural testosterone production and sperm formation, and can worsen acne, untreated sleep apnoea or increase red blood cell levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of testosterone levels, haematocrit, and prostate health is generally recommended by the doctor and should not be used for men desiring fertility. Keep in mind that TRT is not recommended solely for age-related testosterone decline or obesity without low testosterone symptoms in men20<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMaintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMaintain a healthy weight:<\/strong> Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, lowers testosterone levels and increases its conversion to estrogen2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. So, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight helps preserve normal testosterone production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise regularly:<\/strong> Physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, supports testosterone production by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. Therefore, aim to include strength training at least 3 times per week, along with regular physical movements16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: <\/strong>Diets rich in lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support hormonal health. Additionally, limiting sugar, refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed foods helps prevent insulin resistance, which is linked to low testosterone16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
It is important to note that some of these changes can occur as part of normal ageing. For example, a mild decline in sexual interest with age is common. However, a complete loss of interest in sex is not considered normal. Additionally, similar symptoms may arise from other medical conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, or from certain medications. Therefore, if any of these symptoms are persistent or troubling, it is advisable to consult a doctor for proper evaluation.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Testosterone plays an important role in regulating body composition, energy balance, and metabolic health in men. This raises the common question: Does low testosterone cause weight gain?\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Evidence shows that low testosterone levels are frequently observed in men with obesity, and the decline often becomes more common as body weight increases13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nLow testosterone causes a decline in energy levels and physical inactivity that may lead to weight gain in men. Moreover, it affects blood sugar control, insulin<\/a><\/strong> utilisation and fat metabolism causing a hormonal shift that further contributes to fat accumulation13<\/sup><\/a>. The excess adipose tissue releases metabolic and inflammatory mediators that interfere with normal hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013testicular (HPT) axis function (the hormonal control system that regulates testosterone production in men), creating a self-reinforcing cycle2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe disruption in hypothalamic signalling causes a reduction in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to decreased secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which ultimately leads to lowered testosterone production by the testes. Low testosterone further leads to weight gain by promoting increased fat storage and reducing lean muscle mass13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Rise in Estrogen<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAt the same time, excess adipose tissue enhances the conversion of testosterone into estrogen (estradiol). Elevated estrogen levels suppress GnRH release from the hypothalamus, further reducing LH (major impact) and FSH (minimal impact) secretion and aggravating testosterone deficiency.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Insulin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAdditionally, obesity-related insulin resistance lowers levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the protein responsible for transporting testosterone in the bloodstream. Reduced SHBG results in lower circulating total testosterone levels15<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Leptin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nFurther, leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, is often elevated in obesity but accompanied by reduced hypothalamic sensitivity due to leptin resistance. Under normal conditions, leptin has a stimulatory effect on the HPT axis and supports testosterone synthesis. However, in obesity, leptin resistance disrupts this signalling, so elevated leptin levels fail to enhance testosterone production and may further contribute to suppression of the reproductive axis16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Inflammatory Cytokines<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nObesity is linked to higher levels of inflammation in the body, including increased TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as oxidative stress. These inflammatory substances can interfere with the normal functioning of Leydig cells in the testes, which are responsible for producing testosterone. As a result, the testes respond less effectively to LH. Inflammation can also disrupt the HPT axis, further lowering testosterone levels16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTogether, these factors contribute to the hypogonadal\u2013obesity cycle, in which excess body fat lowers testosterone levels and testosterone deficiency accelerates fat accumulation. This cycle contributes to metabolic dysfunction and makes sustained weight management more challenging in affected men.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Tips to Manage Weight with Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nWeight reduction plays an important role in improving testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and obesity. The close link between testosterone and weight loss has been well documented, with reductions in body fat and body mass index (BMI) associated with significant increases in testosterone levels. Some practical tips include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nStrength training:<\/strong> Resistance exercise (3 times a week) supports healthy testosterone levels and helps build muscle and reduce fat mass, thereby helping with weight management17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncrease protein intake:<\/strong> High-protein foods help preserve muscle during weight loss and improve satiety. <\/sup>However, very high-protein diets (> 3.4\u2005g\/kg\/day) might negatively impact testosterone levels, so moderation is important18<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow carbohydrate intake:<\/strong> Low-carbohydrate or Mediterranean-style diets rich in whole foods, healthy fats, and lean proteins that support hormonal balance16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCut down on sugar:<\/strong> Reduce refined sugar. This improves insulin sensitivity and weight control, which may indirectly affect testosterone19<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStay physically active daily:<\/strong> Regular movement beyond structured workouts can also help maintain long-term weight control.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong> Weight loss can help improve testosterone levels in men with obesity-related secondary (functional) hypogonadism, but it is unlikely to be effective in cases of primary testicular failure or genetically determined hypogonadism.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatments for Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment for low testosterone aims to restore testosterone levels to the normal range and relieve symptoms. Please note that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended only in men with confirmed hypogonadism and related symptoms, after appropriate evaluation. The main goal of TRT is to alleviate symptoms while maintaining testosterone in the mid-normal physiological range and avoiding supraphysiological levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nSeveral formulations, such as the following, are available20<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nTopical gels and creams:<\/strong> These are applied directly on the skin. They provide steady testosterone levels but require precautions to avoid skin-to-skin transfer.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTransdermal patches: <\/strong>These patches deliver continuous hormone levels. However, skin irritation may occur, so precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInjectable testosterone:<\/strong> These injections are given intramuscularly. They are effective and affordable but may cause fluctuations in hormone levels, so they should never be taken without consulting a doctor first.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSubcutaneous pellets:<\/strong> These are implanted under the skin. They may provide long-term testosterone release, but precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNasal or buccal formulations:<\/strong> These come under non-invasive options and may require multiple doses. However, medical advice should be taken before starting.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Important Considerations<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTRT may suppress the body\u2019s natural testosterone production and sperm formation, and can worsen acne, untreated sleep apnoea or increase red blood cell levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of testosterone levels, haematocrit, and prostate health is generally recommended by the doctor and should not be used for men desiring fertility. Keep in mind that TRT is not recommended solely for age-related testosterone decline or obesity without low testosterone symptoms in men20<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMaintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMaintain a healthy weight:<\/strong> Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, lowers testosterone levels and increases its conversion to estrogen2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. So, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight helps preserve normal testosterone production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise regularly:<\/strong> Physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, supports testosterone production by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. Therefore, aim to include strength training at least 3 times per week, along with regular physical movements16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: <\/strong>Diets rich in lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support hormonal health. Additionally, limiting sugar, refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed foods helps prevent insulin resistance, which is linked to low testosterone16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Low testosterone causes a decline in energy levels and physical inactivity that may lead to weight gain in men. Moreover, it affects blood sugar control, insulin<\/a><\/strong> utilisation and fat metabolism causing a hormonal shift that further contributes to fat accumulation13<\/sup><\/a>. The excess adipose tissue releases metabolic and inflammatory mediators that interfere with normal hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013testicular (HPT) axis function (the hormonal control system that regulates testosterone production in men), creating a self-reinforcing cycle2<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nThe disruption in hypothalamic signalling causes a reduction in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to decreased secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which ultimately leads to lowered testosterone production by the testes. Low testosterone further leads to weight gain by promoting increased fat storage and reducing lean muscle mass13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Rise in Estrogen<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAt the same time, excess adipose tissue enhances the conversion of testosterone into estrogen (estradiol). Elevated estrogen levels suppress GnRH release from the hypothalamus, further reducing LH (major impact) and FSH (minimal impact) secretion and aggravating testosterone deficiency.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Insulin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAdditionally, obesity-related insulin resistance lowers levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the protein responsible for transporting testosterone in the bloodstream. Reduced SHBG results in lower circulating total testosterone levels15<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Leptin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nFurther, leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, is often elevated in obesity but accompanied by reduced hypothalamic sensitivity due to leptin resistance. Under normal conditions, leptin has a stimulatory effect on the HPT axis and supports testosterone synthesis. However, in obesity, leptin resistance disrupts this signalling, so elevated leptin levels fail to enhance testosterone production and may further contribute to suppression of the reproductive axis16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Inflammatory Cytokines<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nObesity is linked to higher levels of inflammation in the body, including increased TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as oxidative stress. These inflammatory substances can interfere with the normal functioning of Leydig cells in the testes, which are responsible for producing testosterone. As a result, the testes respond less effectively to LH. Inflammation can also disrupt the HPT axis, further lowering testosterone levels16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTogether, these factors contribute to the hypogonadal\u2013obesity cycle, in which excess body fat lowers testosterone levels and testosterone deficiency accelerates fat accumulation. This cycle contributes to metabolic dysfunction and makes sustained weight management more challenging in affected men.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Tips to Manage Weight with Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nWeight reduction plays an important role in improving testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and obesity. The close link between testosterone and weight loss has been well documented, with reductions in body fat and body mass index (BMI) associated with significant increases in testosterone levels. Some practical tips include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nStrength training:<\/strong> Resistance exercise (3 times a week) supports healthy testosterone levels and helps build muscle and reduce fat mass, thereby helping with weight management17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncrease protein intake:<\/strong> High-protein foods help preserve muscle during weight loss and improve satiety. <\/sup>However, very high-protein diets (> 3.4\u2005g\/kg\/day) might negatively impact testosterone levels, so moderation is important18<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow carbohydrate intake:<\/strong> Low-carbohydrate or Mediterranean-style diets rich in whole foods, healthy fats, and lean proteins that support hormonal balance16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCut down on sugar:<\/strong> Reduce refined sugar. This improves insulin sensitivity and weight control, which may indirectly affect testosterone19<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStay physically active daily:<\/strong> Regular movement beyond structured workouts can also help maintain long-term weight control.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong> Weight loss can help improve testosterone levels in men with obesity-related secondary (functional) hypogonadism, but it is unlikely to be effective in cases of primary testicular failure or genetically determined hypogonadism.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatments for Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment for low testosterone aims to restore testosterone levels to the normal range and relieve symptoms. Please note that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended only in men with confirmed hypogonadism and related symptoms, after appropriate evaluation. The main goal of TRT is to alleviate symptoms while maintaining testosterone in the mid-normal physiological range and avoiding supraphysiological levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nSeveral formulations, such as the following, are available20<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nTopical gels and creams:<\/strong> These are applied directly on the skin. They provide steady testosterone levels but require precautions to avoid skin-to-skin transfer.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTransdermal patches: <\/strong>These patches deliver continuous hormone levels. However, skin irritation may occur, so precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInjectable testosterone:<\/strong> These injections are given intramuscularly. They are effective and affordable but may cause fluctuations in hormone levels, so they should never be taken without consulting a doctor first.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSubcutaneous pellets:<\/strong> These are implanted under the skin. They may provide long-term testosterone release, but precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNasal or buccal formulations:<\/strong> These come under non-invasive options and may require multiple doses. However, medical advice should be taken before starting.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Important Considerations<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTRT may suppress the body\u2019s natural testosterone production and sperm formation, and can worsen acne, untreated sleep apnoea or increase red blood cell levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of testosterone levels, haematocrit, and prostate health is generally recommended by the doctor and should not be used for men desiring fertility. Keep in mind that TRT is not recommended solely for age-related testosterone decline or obesity without low testosterone symptoms in men20<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMaintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMaintain a healthy weight:<\/strong> Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, lowers testosterone levels and increases its conversion to estrogen2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. So, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight helps preserve normal testosterone production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise regularly:<\/strong> Physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, supports testosterone production by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. Therefore, aim to include strength training at least 3 times per week, along with regular physical movements16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: <\/strong>Diets rich in lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support hormonal health. Additionally, limiting sugar, refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed foods helps prevent insulin resistance, which is linked to low testosterone16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
The disruption in hypothalamic signalling causes a reduction in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to decreased secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland, which ultimately leads to lowered testosterone production by the testes. Low testosterone further leads to weight gain by promoting increased fat storage and reducing lean muscle mass13<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>14<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Rise in Estrogen<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAt the same time, excess adipose tissue enhances the conversion of testosterone into estrogen (estradiol). Elevated estrogen levels suppress GnRH release from the hypothalamus, further reducing LH (major impact) and FSH (minimal impact) secretion and aggravating testosterone deficiency.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Insulin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nAdditionally, obesity-related insulin resistance lowers levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the protein responsible for transporting testosterone in the bloodstream. Reduced SHBG results in lower circulating total testosterone levels15<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Leptin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nFurther, leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, is often elevated in obesity but accompanied by reduced hypothalamic sensitivity due to leptin resistance. Under normal conditions, leptin has a stimulatory effect on the HPT axis and supports testosterone synthesis. However, in obesity, leptin resistance disrupts this signalling, so elevated leptin levels fail to enhance testosterone production and may further contribute to suppression of the reproductive axis16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Inflammatory Cytokines<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nObesity is linked to higher levels of inflammation in the body, including increased TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as oxidative stress. These inflammatory substances can interfere with the normal functioning of Leydig cells in the testes, which are responsible for producing testosterone. As a result, the testes respond less effectively to LH. Inflammation can also disrupt the HPT axis, further lowering testosterone levels16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTogether, these factors contribute to the hypogonadal\u2013obesity cycle, in which excess body fat lowers testosterone levels and testosterone deficiency accelerates fat accumulation. This cycle contributes to metabolic dysfunction and makes sustained weight management more challenging in affected men.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Tips to Manage Weight with Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nWeight reduction plays an important role in improving testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and obesity. The close link between testosterone and weight loss has been well documented, with reductions in body fat and body mass index (BMI) associated with significant increases in testosterone levels. Some practical tips include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nStrength training:<\/strong> Resistance exercise (3 times a week) supports healthy testosterone levels and helps build muscle and reduce fat mass, thereby helping with weight management17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncrease protein intake:<\/strong> High-protein foods help preserve muscle during weight loss and improve satiety. <\/sup>However, very high-protein diets (> 3.4\u2005g\/kg\/day) might negatively impact testosterone levels, so moderation is important18<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow carbohydrate intake:<\/strong> Low-carbohydrate or Mediterranean-style diets rich in whole foods, healthy fats, and lean proteins that support hormonal balance16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCut down on sugar:<\/strong> Reduce refined sugar. This improves insulin sensitivity and weight control, which may indirectly affect testosterone19<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStay physically active daily:<\/strong> Regular movement beyond structured workouts can also help maintain long-term weight control.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong> Weight loss can help improve testosterone levels in men with obesity-related secondary (functional) hypogonadism, but it is unlikely to be effective in cases of primary testicular failure or genetically determined hypogonadism.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatments for Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment for low testosterone aims to restore testosterone levels to the normal range and relieve symptoms. Please note that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended only in men with confirmed hypogonadism and related symptoms, after appropriate evaluation. The main goal of TRT is to alleviate symptoms while maintaining testosterone in the mid-normal physiological range and avoiding supraphysiological levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nSeveral formulations, such as the following, are available20<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nTopical gels and creams:<\/strong> These are applied directly on the skin. They provide steady testosterone levels but require precautions to avoid skin-to-skin transfer.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTransdermal patches: <\/strong>These patches deliver continuous hormone levels. However, skin irritation may occur, so precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInjectable testosterone:<\/strong> These injections are given intramuscularly. They are effective and affordable but may cause fluctuations in hormone levels, so they should never be taken without consulting a doctor first.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSubcutaneous pellets:<\/strong> These are implanted under the skin. They may provide long-term testosterone release, but precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNasal or buccal formulations:<\/strong> These come under non-invasive options and may require multiple doses. However, medical advice should be taken before starting.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Important Considerations<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTRT may suppress the body\u2019s natural testosterone production and sperm formation, and can worsen acne, untreated sleep apnoea or increase red blood cell levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of testosterone levels, haematocrit, and prostate health is generally recommended by the doctor and should not be used for men desiring fertility. Keep in mind that TRT is not recommended solely for age-related testosterone decline or obesity without low testosterone symptoms in men20<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMaintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMaintain a healthy weight:<\/strong> Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, lowers testosterone levels and increases its conversion to estrogen2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. So, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight helps preserve normal testosterone production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise regularly:<\/strong> Physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, supports testosterone production by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. Therefore, aim to include strength training at least 3 times per week, along with regular physical movements16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: <\/strong>Diets rich in lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support hormonal health. Additionally, limiting sugar, refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed foods helps prevent insulin resistance, which is linked to low testosterone16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
At the same time, excess adipose tissue enhances the conversion of testosterone into estrogen (estradiol). Elevated estrogen levels suppress GnRH release from the hypothalamus, further reducing LH (major impact) and FSH (minimal impact) secretion and aggravating testosterone deficiency.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Additionally, obesity-related insulin resistance lowers levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the protein responsible for transporting testosterone in the bloodstream. Reduced SHBG results in lower circulating total testosterone levels15<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Leptin Resistance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nFurther, leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, is often elevated in obesity but accompanied by reduced hypothalamic sensitivity due to leptin resistance. Under normal conditions, leptin has a stimulatory effect on the HPT axis and supports testosterone synthesis. However, in obesity, leptin resistance disrupts this signalling, so elevated leptin levels fail to enhance testosterone production and may further contribute to suppression of the reproductive axis16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Inflammatory Cytokines<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nObesity is linked to higher levels of inflammation in the body, including increased TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as oxidative stress. These inflammatory substances can interfere with the normal functioning of Leydig cells in the testes, which are responsible for producing testosterone. As a result, the testes respond less effectively to LH. Inflammation can also disrupt the HPT axis, further lowering testosterone levels16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTogether, these factors contribute to the hypogonadal\u2013obesity cycle, in which excess body fat lowers testosterone levels and testosterone deficiency accelerates fat accumulation. This cycle contributes to metabolic dysfunction and makes sustained weight management more challenging in affected men.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Tips to Manage Weight with Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nWeight reduction plays an important role in improving testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and obesity. The close link between testosterone and weight loss has been well documented, with reductions in body fat and body mass index (BMI) associated with significant increases in testosterone levels. Some practical tips include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nStrength training:<\/strong> Resistance exercise (3 times a week) supports healthy testosterone levels and helps build muscle and reduce fat mass, thereby helping with weight management17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncrease protein intake:<\/strong> High-protein foods help preserve muscle during weight loss and improve satiety. <\/sup>However, very high-protein diets (> 3.4\u2005g\/kg\/day) might negatively impact testosterone levels, so moderation is important18<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow carbohydrate intake:<\/strong> Low-carbohydrate or Mediterranean-style diets rich in whole foods, healthy fats, and lean proteins that support hormonal balance16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCut down on sugar:<\/strong> Reduce refined sugar. This improves insulin sensitivity and weight control, which may indirectly affect testosterone19<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStay physically active daily:<\/strong> Regular movement beyond structured workouts can also help maintain long-term weight control.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong> Weight loss can help improve testosterone levels in men with obesity-related secondary (functional) hypogonadism, but it is unlikely to be effective in cases of primary testicular failure or genetically determined hypogonadism.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatments for Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment for low testosterone aims to restore testosterone levels to the normal range and relieve symptoms. Please note that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended only in men with confirmed hypogonadism and related symptoms, after appropriate evaluation. The main goal of TRT is to alleviate symptoms while maintaining testosterone in the mid-normal physiological range and avoiding supraphysiological levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nSeveral formulations, such as the following, are available20<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nTopical gels and creams:<\/strong> These are applied directly on the skin. They provide steady testosterone levels but require precautions to avoid skin-to-skin transfer.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTransdermal patches: <\/strong>These patches deliver continuous hormone levels. However, skin irritation may occur, so precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInjectable testosterone:<\/strong> These injections are given intramuscularly. They are effective and affordable but may cause fluctuations in hormone levels, so they should never be taken without consulting a doctor first.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSubcutaneous pellets:<\/strong> These are implanted under the skin. They may provide long-term testosterone release, but precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNasal or buccal formulations:<\/strong> These come under non-invasive options and may require multiple doses. However, medical advice should be taken before starting.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Important Considerations<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTRT may suppress the body\u2019s natural testosterone production and sperm formation, and can worsen acne, untreated sleep apnoea or increase red blood cell levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of testosterone levels, haematocrit, and prostate health is generally recommended by the doctor and should not be used for men desiring fertility. Keep in mind that TRT is not recommended solely for age-related testosterone decline or obesity without low testosterone symptoms in men20<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMaintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMaintain a healthy weight:<\/strong> Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, lowers testosterone levels and increases its conversion to estrogen2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. So, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight helps preserve normal testosterone production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise regularly:<\/strong> Physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, supports testosterone production by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. Therefore, aim to include strength training at least 3 times per week, along with regular physical movements16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: <\/strong>Diets rich in lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support hormonal health. Additionally, limiting sugar, refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed foods helps prevent insulin resistance, which is linked to low testosterone16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Further, leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, is often elevated in obesity but accompanied by reduced hypothalamic sensitivity due to leptin resistance. Under normal conditions, leptin has a stimulatory effect on the HPT axis and supports testosterone synthesis. However, in obesity, leptin resistance disrupts this signalling, so elevated leptin levels fail to enhance testosterone production and may further contribute to suppression of the reproductive axis16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Inflammatory Cytokines<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\nObesity is linked to higher levels of inflammation in the body, including increased TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as oxidative stress. These inflammatory substances can interfere with the normal functioning of Leydig cells in the testes, which are responsible for producing testosterone. As a result, the testes respond less effectively to LH. Inflammation can also disrupt the HPT axis, further lowering testosterone levels16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTogether, these factors contribute to the hypogonadal\u2013obesity cycle, in which excess body fat lowers testosterone levels and testosterone deficiency accelerates fat accumulation. This cycle contributes to metabolic dysfunction and makes sustained weight management more challenging in affected men.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Tips to Manage Weight with Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nWeight reduction plays an important role in improving testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and obesity. The close link between testosterone and weight loss has been well documented, with reductions in body fat and body mass index (BMI) associated with significant increases in testosterone levels. Some practical tips include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nStrength training:<\/strong> Resistance exercise (3 times a week) supports healthy testosterone levels and helps build muscle and reduce fat mass, thereby helping with weight management17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncrease protein intake:<\/strong> High-protein foods help preserve muscle during weight loss and improve satiety. <\/sup>However, very high-protein diets (> 3.4\u2005g\/kg\/day) might negatively impact testosterone levels, so moderation is important18<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow carbohydrate intake:<\/strong> Low-carbohydrate or Mediterranean-style diets rich in whole foods, healthy fats, and lean proteins that support hormonal balance16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCut down on sugar:<\/strong> Reduce refined sugar. This improves insulin sensitivity and weight control, which may indirectly affect testosterone19<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStay physically active daily:<\/strong> Regular movement beyond structured workouts can also help maintain long-term weight control.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong> Weight loss can help improve testosterone levels in men with obesity-related secondary (functional) hypogonadism, but it is unlikely to be effective in cases of primary testicular failure or genetically determined hypogonadism.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatments for Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment for low testosterone aims to restore testosterone levels to the normal range and relieve symptoms. Please note that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended only in men with confirmed hypogonadism and related symptoms, after appropriate evaluation. The main goal of TRT is to alleviate symptoms while maintaining testosterone in the mid-normal physiological range and avoiding supraphysiological levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nSeveral formulations, such as the following, are available20<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nTopical gels and creams:<\/strong> These are applied directly on the skin. They provide steady testosterone levels but require precautions to avoid skin-to-skin transfer.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTransdermal patches: <\/strong>These patches deliver continuous hormone levels. However, skin irritation may occur, so precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInjectable testosterone:<\/strong> These injections are given intramuscularly. They are effective and affordable but may cause fluctuations in hormone levels, so they should never be taken without consulting a doctor first.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSubcutaneous pellets:<\/strong> These are implanted under the skin. They may provide long-term testosterone release, but precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNasal or buccal formulations:<\/strong> These come under non-invasive options and may require multiple doses. However, medical advice should be taken before starting.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Important Considerations<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTRT may suppress the body\u2019s natural testosterone production and sperm formation, and can worsen acne, untreated sleep apnoea or increase red blood cell levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of testosterone levels, haematocrit, and prostate health is generally recommended by the doctor and should not be used for men desiring fertility. Keep in mind that TRT is not recommended solely for age-related testosterone decline or obesity without low testosterone symptoms in men20<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMaintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMaintain a healthy weight:<\/strong> Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, lowers testosterone levels and increases its conversion to estrogen2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. So, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight helps preserve normal testosterone production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise regularly:<\/strong> Physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, supports testosterone production by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. Therefore, aim to include strength training at least 3 times per week, along with regular physical movements16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: <\/strong>Diets rich in lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support hormonal health. Additionally, limiting sugar, refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed foods helps prevent insulin resistance, which is linked to low testosterone16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Obesity is linked to higher levels of inflammation in the body, including increased TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as oxidative stress. These inflammatory substances can interfere with the normal functioning of Leydig cells in the testes, which are responsible for producing testosterone. As a result, the testes respond less effectively to LH. Inflammation can also disrupt the HPT axis, further lowering testosterone levels16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nTogether, these factors contribute to the hypogonadal\u2013obesity cycle, in which excess body fat lowers testosterone levels and testosterone deficiency accelerates fat accumulation. This cycle contributes to metabolic dysfunction and makes sustained weight management more challenging in affected men.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Tips to Manage Weight with Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nWeight reduction plays an important role in improving testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and obesity. The close link between testosterone and weight loss has been well documented, with reductions in body fat and body mass index (BMI) associated with significant increases in testosterone levels. Some practical tips include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nStrength training:<\/strong> Resistance exercise (3 times a week) supports healthy testosterone levels and helps build muscle and reduce fat mass, thereby helping with weight management17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nIncrease protein intake:<\/strong> High-protein foods help preserve muscle during weight loss and improve satiety. <\/sup>However, very high-protein diets (> 3.4\u2005g\/kg\/day) might negatively impact testosterone levels, so moderation is important18<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nLow carbohydrate intake:<\/strong> Low-carbohydrate or Mediterranean-style diets rich in whole foods, healthy fats, and lean proteins that support hormonal balance16<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nCut down on sugar:<\/strong> Reduce refined sugar. This improves insulin sensitivity and weight control, which may indirectly affect testosterone19<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nStay physically active daily:<\/strong> Regular movement beyond structured workouts can also help maintain long-term weight control.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\nNote:<\/strong> Weight loss can help improve testosterone levels in men with obesity-related secondary (functional) hypogonadism, but it is unlikely to be effective in cases of primary testicular failure or genetically determined hypogonadism.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatments for Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment for low testosterone aims to restore testosterone levels to the normal range and relieve symptoms. Please note that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended only in men with confirmed hypogonadism and related symptoms, after appropriate evaluation. The main goal of TRT is to alleviate symptoms while maintaining testosterone in the mid-normal physiological range and avoiding supraphysiological levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nSeveral formulations, such as the following, are available20<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nTopical gels and creams:<\/strong> These are applied directly on the skin. They provide steady testosterone levels but require precautions to avoid skin-to-skin transfer.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTransdermal patches: <\/strong>These patches deliver continuous hormone levels. However, skin irritation may occur, so precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInjectable testosterone:<\/strong> These injections are given intramuscularly. They are effective and affordable but may cause fluctuations in hormone levels, so they should never be taken without consulting a doctor first.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSubcutaneous pellets:<\/strong> These are implanted under the skin. They may provide long-term testosterone release, but precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNasal or buccal formulations:<\/strong> These come under non-invasive options and may require multiple doses. However, medical advice should be taken before starting.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Important Considerations<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTRT may suppress the body\u2019s natural testosterone production and sperm formation, and can worsen acne, untreated sleep apnoea or increase red blood cell levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of testosterone levels, haematocrit, and prostate health is generally recommended by the doctor and should not be used for men desiring fertility. Keep in mind that TRT is not recommended solely for age-related testosterone decline or obesity without low testosterone symptoms in men20<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMaintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMaintain a healthy weight:<\/strong> Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, lowers testosterone levels and increases its conversion to estrogen2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. So, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight helps preserve normal testosterone production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise regularly:<\/strong> Physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, supports testosterone production by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. Therefore, aim to include strength training at least 3 times per week, along with regular physical movements16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: <\/strong>Diets rich in lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support hormonal health. Additionally, limiting sugar, refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed foods helps prevent insulin resistance, which is linked to low testosterone16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Together, these factors contribute to the hypogonadal\u2013obesity cycle, in which excess body fat lowers testosterone levels and testosterone deficiency accelerates fat accumulation. This cycle contributes to metabolic dysfunction and makes sustained weight management more challenging in affected men.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Weight reduction plays an important role in improving testosterone levels in men with low testosterone and obesity. The close link between testosterone and weight loss has been well documented, with reductions in body fat and body mass index (BMI) associated with significant increases in testosterone levels. Some practical tips include:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Note:<\/strong> Weight loss can help improve testosterone levels in men with obesity-related secondary (functional) hypogonadism, but it is unlikely to be effective in cases of primary testicular failure or genetically determined hypogonadism.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Treatments for Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTreatment for low testosterone aims to restore testosterone levels to the normal range and relieve symptoms. Please note that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended only in men with confirmed hypogonadism and related symptoms, after appropriate evaluation. The main goal of TRT is to alleviate symptoms while maintaining testosterone in the mid-normal physiological range and avoiding supraphysiological levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\nSeveral formulations, such as the following, are available20<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nTopical gels and creams:<\/strong> These are applied directly on the skin. They provide steady testosterone levels but require precautions to avoid skin-to-skin transfer.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTransdermal patches: <\/strong>These patches deliver continuous hormone levels. However, skin irritation may occur, so precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInjectable testosterone:<\/strong> These injections are given intramuscularly. They are effective and affordable but may cause fluctuations in hormone levels, so they should never be taken without consulting a doctor first.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSubcutaneous pellets:<\/strong> These are implanted under the skin. They may provide long-term testosterone release, but precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNasal or buccal formulations:<\/strong> These come under non-invasive options and may require multiple doses. However, medical advice should be taken before starting.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Important Considerations<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTRT may suppress the body\u2019s natural testosterone production and sperm formation, and can worsen acne, untreated sleep apnoea or increase red blood cell levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of testosterone levels, haematocrit, and prostate health is generally recommended by the doctor and should not be used for men desiring fertility. Keep in mind that TRT is not recommended solely for age-related testosterone decline or obesity without low testosterone symptoms in men20<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMaintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMaintain a healthy weight:<\/strong> Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, lowers testosterone levels and increases its conversion to estrogen2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. So, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight helps preserve normal testosterone production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise regularly:<\/strong> Physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, supports testosterone production by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. Therefore, aim to include strength training at least 3 times per week, along with regular physical movements16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: <\/strong>Diets rich in lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support hormonal health. Additionally, limiting sugar, refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed foods helps prevent insulin resistance, which is linked to low testosterone16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Treatment for low testosterone aims to restore testosterone levels to the normal range and relieve symptoms. Please note that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended only in men with confirmed hypogonadism and related symptoms, after appropriate evaluation. The main goal of TRT is to alleviate symptoms while maintaining testosterone in the mid-normal physiological range and avoiding supraphysiological levels.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Several formulations, such as the following, are available20<\/sup><\/a>:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nTopical gels and creams:<\/strong> These are applied directly on the skin. They provide steady testosterone levels but require precautions to avoid skin-to-skin transfer.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nTransdermal patches: <\/strong>These patches deliver continuous hormone levels. However, skin irritation may occur, so precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nInjectable testosterone:<\/strong> These injections are given intramuscularly. They are effective and affordable but may cause fluctuations in hormone levels, so they should never be taken without consulting a doctor first.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nSubcutaneous pellets:<\/strong> These are implanted under the skin. They may provide long-term testosterone release, but precautions should be taken.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nNasal or buccal formulations:<\/strong> These come under non-invasive options and may require multiple doses. However, medical advice should be taken before starting.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Important Considerations<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nTRT may suppress the body\u2019s natural testosterone production and sperm formation, and can worsen acne, untreated sleep apnoea or increase red blood cell levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of testosterone levels, haematocrit, and prostate health is generally recommended by the doctor and should not be used for men desiring fertility. Keep in mind that TRT is not recommended solely for age-related testosterone decline or obesity without low testosterone symptoms in men20<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMaintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMaintain a healthy weight:<\/strong> Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, lowers testosterone levels and increases its conversion to estrogen2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. So, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight helps preserve normal testosterone production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise regularly:<\/strong> Physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, supports testosterone production by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. Therefore, aim to include strength training at least 3 times per week, along with regular physical movements16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: <\/strong>Diets rich in lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support hormonal health. Additionally, limiting sugar, refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed foods helps prevent insulin resistance, which is linked to low testosterone16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
TRT may suppress the body\u2019s natural testosterone production and sperm formation, and can worsen acne, untreated sleep apnoea or increase red blood cell levels. Therefore, regular monitoring of testosterone levels, haematocrit, and prostate health is generally recommended by the doctor and should not be used for men desiring fertility. Keep in mind that TRT is not recommended solely for age-related testosterone decline or obesity without low testosterone symptoms in men20<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>How to Prevent Low Testosterone<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nMaintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nMaintain a healthy weight:<\/strong> Excess body fat, particularly abdominal fat, lowers testosterone levels and increases its conversion to estrogen2<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>16<\/sup><\/a>. So, achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight helps preserve normal testosterone production.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nExercise regularly:<\/strong> Physical activity, especially strength and resistance training, supports testosterone production by increasing muscle mass and reducing fat. Therefore, aim to include strength training at least 3 times per week, along with regular physical movements16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>17<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\nEat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet: <\/strong>Diets rich in lean protein, healthy fats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support hormonal health. Additionally, limiting sugar, refined carbohydrates, and ultra-processed foods helps prevent insulin resistance, which is linked to low testosterone16<\/sup><\/a>,<\/sup>21<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Maintaining healthy testosterone levels depends largely on lifestyle and metabolic health. So, adopting the following habits may help reduce the risk of low testosterone and support overall hormonal balance.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n