Ginseng is a popular ancient herb used in traditional Chinese and oriental medicine. The potential remedies of ginseng are recorded in the ancient medical material “The Herbal Classic of the Divine Plowman” by Ben Cao Jing, around 2000 years ago. It belongs to the genus Panax and family Araliaceae. The scientific name of ginseng is Panax ginseng Meyer and is also known as the “King of Herbs”.1,2 Ginseng is a perennial herb (lasts for several years).3
The roots of ginseng are more sought after for use than the other parts due to their nutritional and medicinal properties. The ginseng roots look similar to human shape and called as “Man root”. The Genus Panax is a Greek word which refer to “all healing” and it is believed that it may heal all parts of the human body.3
Ginseng contains 80-90% organic and 10% inorganic substances. The active biological constituents present in ginseng are carbohydrates, saponins, amino acids, peptides, essential oils, vitamins, ginsenosides (saponins like steroids), phytosterol and minerals. Ginseng also contains many important elements. The nutritional value per 100g of ginseng is as given in the following table:
| Nutritional Component (Element) | Value per 100g |
| Potassium | 2.91 % |
| Nitrogen | 1.12 % |
| Phosphorus | 0.19 % |
| Calcium | 0.50 % |
| Magnesium | 0.26 % |
| Copper | 12 mg/g |
| Zinc | 27 mg/g |
| Iron | 296 mg/g |
| Manganese | 43 mg/g |
Table 1: Nutritional composition of ginseng (values of dry weight American ginseng)4
Based on my experience, it’s worth noting that ginseng may have promising role against cancer. Research suggests that individuals who consume ginseng preparations may have a lower risk of developing cancers in various organs, including the stomach, lungs, liver, pancreas, ovaries, colon, and oral cavity.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD
Did you know?
The therapeutic properties of ginseng are:
Some of the potential uses of ginseng are:
Clinical trials conducted by Kiefer, 2003 to investigate the role of Panax ginseng in psychological functions showed positive effects on psychomotor functions like better attention, social functioning, processing, and reaction time along with mental health. Therefore, ginseng may have potential benefits in improving psychological function.6
The antioxidant property of ginseng may help in decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species, an important aspect of ageing. Consuming ginseng may have some potential in coping with age-related diseases and disorders like Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis (a disease with damaged protective nerve coverings), stroke and other cognition-related diseases, by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species.9
Ginseng may have potential benefit in managing diabetes. It might work through various mechanisms like increasing insulin secretion from β- cells, improving the metabolic rate of an individual which may lead to increase glucose utilization and decreased storage of glucose, and reducing the enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. These mechanisms may help in reducing glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen to glucose) which may further reduce hyperglycaemia.1
Numerous research (compiled by Szczuka et al, 2019) has been conducted to study the anti-microbial action of ginseng on various microbes like S. aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp., and Candida albicans. The extracts of American ginseng inhibited the growth of these microorganisms. Thus, suggesting that ginseng may have potential therapeutic action as an anti-microbial agent.9
Ginseng might have some immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects. The active constituent of ginseng, ginsenoside, may increase both the immune responses namely, humoral and cell mediated and may also exert cytotoxic effects on tumour cells.8
Though studies show the benefits of Ginseng in various conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of Ginseng on human health.
Generally, ginseng is synonymous with dried root, but researchers have proved the beneficial potential of berries and leaves of the plant.1 Extract or powder of ginseng may also be used as a bioactive potential which adds variations to the source available.2,5 Ginseng powder is also added to the mineral and multivitamins supplements to increase the efficacy of both.5 It is also be used in various other forms like tea, alcoholic extract.3
One should always consult an Ayurvedic physician before consuming ginseng in large quantities or for therapeutic benefits. They will be the best person to prescribe you the correct form and dosage as per your health condition.
The consumption of ginseng has been shown to produce side effects like an increase in blood pressure, insomnia, stomach disturbances and nervousness. Ginseng taken in high amount can show symptoms of confusion and depression. Ginseng might contain some endocrine-like substance that has shown negative effects on neonatal development. The use of ginseng has may cause swollen and painful breasts in females.5 Other side effects include headache, skin rashes, menstrual problems, loss of appetite, palpitations, increased heart rate, vertigo, dizziness, breast pain, etc.7
In my experience, I have observed that ginseng, specifically the active compound called ginsenoside found in the root of Panax ginseng, has shown potential benefits in Alzheimer’s disease. Ginsenoside has been found to have neurotrophic effects, which means it supports the growth and function of nerve cells involved in memory and learning. Additionally, it exhibits neuroprotective actions that help stop the degeneration of neurons, which can contribute to the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Also Read: Burdock Root Benefits: Revealing Research-Based Health Advantages
The consumption of ginseng should be avoided if you are taking anti-depressants like Phenelzine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and blood thinners like warfarin.5 Cautions should be taken when consuming ginseng with oral hypoglycaemic (agents which decrease high blood glucose level), insulin, caffeine, and anti-hypertensive agents (drugs that decrease high blood pressure).6 Pharmacists and health professionals should create awareness among people and educate them about the potential side effects of other drugs with ginseng. Doctors or ayurvedic physicians should be consulted before taking ginseng with drugs.
No, ginseng should be avoided during pregnancy as it can cause birth defects and can negatively impact neonatal development.5,7
Ginseng may have potential benefits in decreasing blood glucose levels, assisting in learning and memory, reversing insomnia, inhibiting the growth of tumour cells, enhancing physical performances and inhibiting platelet aggregation.5,8
Avoid consuming ginseng if you are on anti-depressants, oral hypoglycaemics, blood thinners like warfarin, and insulin analogues.5,6
Pregnant and lactating females and patients suffering from hypertension, diabetes, autoimmune disease, and blood clotting disease should avoid using ginseng.7
Usually, ginseng root is consumed as a whole. Other available forms are alcoholic extract, powder, teas, capsules, and often mixed with multivitamins and minerals for additive effect.1,3
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Tea tree is the name of a plant native to Australia, scientifically known as Melaleuca alternifolia.1 The oil extracted from the leaves of the tea tree is tea tree oil, a widely used ingredient in a variety of household and cosmetic products, like shampoos, massage oils, laundry detergents, and skin and nail creams for its potential antiseptic benefits. Tea tree oil is pale yellow in colour. It has a strong odour and may provide a cooling sensation on the skin.2 It has been widely used in Australia as a topical medicine for almost 80 years.3 Common names of tea tree include tea tree oil, Australian tea tree oil, melaleuca oil and tea tree essential oil.4
The main component present in tea tree oil is terpinen-4-ol. Tea tree oil contains more than 100 compounds. However, the International Organization for Standardization has specified the main 15 components that are needed for a product to be labelled as ‘tea tree oil’. These are alpha pinene, sabinene, alpha terpinene, D-limonene, p-Cymene, 1,8-cineol, gamma terpinene, terpinolene, terpinen-4-ol, alpha terpineol, aromadendrene, ledene, delta cadinene, globulol and viridiflorol.2
Also Read: Olive Oil: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects and More!
Properties of Tea tree
Tea tree oil may have many potential uses owing to its many activities, which include
Also Read: Reetha: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and More!
Did you know tea tree oil-based gel may aid in inflammatory gum disease called persistent gingivitis? Studies have shown that people using tea tree oil gel may have less bleeding and irritation. In my experience, a combination of tea tree oil and alpha-bisabolol, the main ingredient in chamomile, may bring down a particular strain of bacteria linked to foul breath.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD
Tea tree may have potential uses for various health conditions; however, more human studies are needed to support its true scope in humans.
The overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vagina is called vaginal candidiasis or thrush; it is a fungal infection. Tea tree oil may have the potential to be developed as an effective agent for managing vaginal candidiasis. The benefits of tea tree oil in vaginal candidiasis have been observed in lab studies. However, these studies are done in laboratories and not humans; therefore, extensive clinical trials are required to check its efficacy in human beings.3
Tea tree oil may have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that might be useful in managing acne. Many topical preparations containing tea tree oil have been used to stop the bacteria involved in acne. The use of tea tree oil might significantly reduce acne lesions by decreasing open and closed comedones (blackheads and whiteheads). The antiacne benefit of tea tree oil has been observed in many clinical trials, which demonstrates that topical application of tea tree oil (5%) might be effective in managing mild to moderate acne.6 However, every person has a different response to different herbs. Therefore, it is better to consult a doctor before you use tea tree oil for your acne problems.
Seborrheic dermatitis is a superficial fungal infection occurring in areas rich in sebaceous glands. Tea tree oil may have antifungal activity against Malassezia furfur, which indicates that it might be beneficial in the management of seborrheic dermatitis.6 However, you should never use tea tree oil to self-medicate yourself. It is better to consult a dermatologist for your dermatitis-related problems. They will be the best person to guide you with your condition.
Shampoo containing 5% tea tree oil was found to be effective in dandruff in a clinical study (human trial). Therefore, tea tree oil might be helpful in the management of dandruff.6 However, this study is insufficient; therefore, further studies are required to suggest the benefits of tea tree in fighting dandruff problems.
Tea tree oil was found to be beneficial in providing a cooling sensation to burn wounds and increasing the rate of wound healing.6 However, this information is insufficient and requires large-scale human studies to suggest the potential uses of tea tree oil for wound healing in humans.
Tea tree oil may have potential antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus 1 and herpes simplex virus 2. Tree tea oil may have shown effectiveness in recurrent herpes labialis infection (skin rash on lips caused due to herpes virus) in a clinical trial. Tea tree oil may have also shown benefits in dealing with hand warts caused due to human papillomavirus.6 However, if you have viral infections like the herpes simplex virus, it is best to seek medical help and get a proper diagnosis and treatment for your condition.
Tea tree oil is found in many preparations that are used as an alternative solution for head lice infestation. Tea tree oil, along with lavender oil, has shown effectiveness in dealing with live head lice in subjects in a clinical study. The results indicate that tea tree oil may be beneficial as an alternative method for head lice.6 However, use these alternatives only under the guidance of your doctors.
Demodicisosis is an eyelid infection caused due to Demodex (a type of mite). Eyelid scrub using tea tree oil effectively eradicated eyelid demodex and helped with demodicisosis in a clinical study. Therefore, it may indicate that tea tree oil and shampoo might be beneficial in eradicating eyelid Demodex.6 However, take medical help before using the tea tree for your infections and only use it if prescribed.
Though studies show the benefits of tea tree in different health conditions, these studies are insufficient and require further studies to establish the true scope of benefits of tea tree on human health. In addition, every person may respond differently to this herb. Therefore, it is essential to consult a doctor before using tea tree oil for any medical condition.
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In my experience, massaging tea tree oil on the chest may relieve cough and cold symptoms, congestion, bronchitis, and other cold-related problems. Researchers believe tea tree oil has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that may cope with bacterial invasion and relieve congestion and other symptoms.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe you the form and dose as per your requirement. However, we advise you not to replace or change your current medications with any ayurvedic or herbal preparations made from the tea tree.
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The use of tea tree oil externally is generally safe. However, some people may develop skin irritation or contact dermatitis (skin inflammation) on the parts of the body where the product was used.4
However, if you see any side effects, seek immediate medical help from your physician who has prescribed it to you and get proper treatment to overcome your side effects.
Did you know the elimination of toxins like uric acid may be encouraged by tea tree essential oil? Researchers have found that tea tree essential oil may aid in pore cleaning and the removal of toxins, extra salt and water from the body through increased sweating. It may also shield your skin against the development of acne.
Dr. Smita barode, BAMS
Also Read: The Benefits of Tea Tree Oil for Hair: A Comprehensive Guide
There is no scientific report on the interaction between tea tree and other drugs. However, you should not assume that there are no interactions. We recommend you consult an Ayurvedic doctor; they will direct you to a better way to use it as a herb
What is tea tree?
Tea tree is the common name used for tea tree oil. It is the oil derived from the leaves of the tea tree plant (Melaleuca alternifolia).2,4
Is tea tree good for acne?
Many clinical studies have shown the benefit of tea tree oil in managing acne.6 However, do not use tea tree oil to self-medicate yourself; take consultations with an Ayurvedic physician.
Can tea tree oil kill lice?
Tea tree oil may be used as an alternative solution for head lice infestation.6 However, the extent to which tea tree oil may benefit in human conditions are not known, take advice from your doctors.
Is tea tree edible?
Oral intake of tea tree oil should be strictly avoided, as it causes serious health issues like breathing problems, confusion, loss of muscle coordination (ataxia) and coma.4
Can I use tea tree oil for vaginal infections?
Studies have shown that tea tree oil benefits in managing vaginal candidiasis, a vaginal infection caused by Candida albicans. But this activity has been proven in laboratory studies; further trials on humans are needed to check the efficacy of tea tree oil in human beings.3 In case of any infection, it is better to consult a doctor. Self-medicating might worsen the condition.
How is tea tree oil produced?
Tea tree oil is produced by steam distillation of the leaves and terminal branches of Melaleuca alternifolia. Once the distillate is condensed, the pale-yellow oil is separated from the aqueous distillate.5
1. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley T v., Nielsen JB. A review of the toxicity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2006 May 1;44(5):616–25. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16243420/
2. Larson D, Jacob SE. Tea tree oil. Dermatitis [Internet]. 2012 Jan [cited 2022 Mar 24];23(1):48–9. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/dermatitis/Fulltext/2012/01000/Tea_Tree_Oil.10.aspx
3. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley T v. In-vitro activity of essential oils, in particular Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and tea tree oil products, against Candida spp. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy [Internet]. 1998 Nov [cited 2022 Mar 24];42(5):591–5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9848442/
4. Tea Tree Oil | NCCIH [Internet]. [cited 2022 Mar 24]. Available from: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tea-tree-oil
5. Carson CF, Hammer KA, Riley T v. Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil: a Review of Antimicrobial and Other Medicinal Properties. Clinical Microbiology Reviews [Internet]. 2006 Jan [cited 2022 Mar 24];19(1):50–62. Available from: https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/CMR.19.1.50-62.2006
6. Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R, Bagherani N, Kazerouni A. A review of applications of tea tree oil in dermatology. International Journal of Dermatology. 2013 Jul;52(7):784–90. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22998411/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Sitopaladi churna is an Ayurvedic preparation used for digestive problems and various respiratory issues. Sitopaladi churna helps balance the kapha and pitta doshas. It is made from ingredients like cardamom (elaichi), cinnamon (twak), bamboo (vanshlochan), long pepper (pippali), and sugar candy (khandasharkara).
All these ingredients are cleaned and crushed to obtain a fine powder. The powder is then filtered to remove any coarse particles. Sitopaladi churna has a madhura (sweet) and katu rasa (bitter taste). This churna may help to eliminate ama (harmful toxins) out of the body. 1
The quantity of ingredients in sitopaladi churna is: 2
| 1 | Khandasharkara | 40 grams |
| 2 | Ela | 10 grams |
| 3 | Twak | 5 grams |
| 4 | Vanshlochan | 30 grams |
| 5 | Pippali | 15 grams |
The inorganic elements present in sitopaladi churna are calcium, sodium, potassium, iron, magnesium, sulfate, phosphate, carbonate, nitrate, and chloride. The organic elements present in sitopaladi churna are carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. 2
Did you know?
The various beneficial properties of sitopaladi churna may include: 3
I would suggest sitopaladi churna in allergic disorders. There’s an important chemical called piperine found in the sitopaladi formulation. Owing to its capacity to stabilise mast cells, sitopaladi churna may be a justified treatment for allergic disorders.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Sitopaladi churna contains expectorant properties that may help expel mucous from the airways. According to Ayurveda, cough is grouped into five categories: vata (dry cough that produces some mucous), pitta (cough that produces moderate and sticky mucous), ksataja (cough that occurs due to chest injury), and ksaya (cough that occurs due to tuberculosis-like chronic diseases).
Sitopaladi churna may be an helpful for all these types of coughs. It may be taken with honey, ghee, water, or other herbal medications. Sitopaladi churna may help with cough by acting on the central nervous system.3 However these effects of sitopaladi churna may need further studies.
Sitopaladi churna contains deepan (appetizing) and pachan (digestive) properties that may help to enhance digestion. It also contains carminative properties that might be helpful in gas accumulation and bloating.3 The studies seem insufficient to validate these claims, therfore consult an ayurvedic physician before taking sitopaladi churna for its effect on digestion.
The immune system in people with allergies responds to allergens like dust, pollen, dander, etc. by releasing a substance called histamine. Due to this, the person might experience symptoms like watery eyes or a running nose. Sitopaladi churna contains antihistaminic properties and might protect you from allergies.4 You must visit a doctor immediately for relief in case of any allergic reactions.
The digestive enzyme amylase has to break down complex carbohydrates before they are absorbed. Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars and enter the blood leading to an increase in blood sugar levels. Sitopaladi churna may show α-amylase inhibition properties. This property might help prevent the body from absorbing these carbohydrates and prevents a spike in blood sugar after meals.3 Diabetes is a major health condition and requires appropriate diagnosis and treatment from a professional doctor. Therefore, human trials of Sitopaladi churna are necessary to provide its potential usage for managing blood sugar levels in humans.
Anaemia can lead to shortness of breath, dizziness, tiredness, and irritability. The most common cause of anaemia is iron deficiency. Sitopaladi churna may help increase iron absorption by the body and thus helps in nutritional anaemia.3 Further studies are needed to establish the claim of effect of sitopaladi churna for anaemia .
Also Read: 7 Home Remedies for Anaemia
Sitopaladi churna combined with other herbal medications, along with modified diet and lifestyle modifications like 8 hours of proper sleep, 30-60 min of morning or evening walk, and abstaining from smoking and drinking proved to be effective in the management of migraine. 5 However these claims need further studies, you must consult a doctor for proper advice on migraines.
Sitopaladi churna may be helpful in conditions like fever related to flu, cold, chest congestion, pneumonia, tuberculosis, bronchitis, and other respiratory illnesses. This herbal preparation may help control respiratory infections due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. 2 However, the respiratory conditions may need medical supervision and diagnosis. Consult a qualified doctor for treatment of any respiratory condition.
Vocal nodules occur due to abuse or misuse of the vocal cords. Some professions require high-volume speech. This might lead to the formation of vocal nodules. Sitopaladi churna along with other herbal formulations may be used for managing vocal nodules. Studies show that it may give some relief from the symptoms and the person can regain their original voice.6 But consult a doctor for advice before consuming sitopaladi churna on your own.
Though there are studies showing the benefits of sitopaladi churna in various conditions, these are insufficient. There is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of sitopaladi churna on human health. Furthermore, every person may respond differently to these herbs. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor before using sitopaladi churna for any medical condition.
In my opinion, when we combine the herbal product from Bambusa arundinacea found in sitopaldi churna with other medicines, it might create a powerful anti-inflammatory drug. It’s like a dream team for treating chronic inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis with peptic ulcers, which are quite common. This combination may also offer hope for long-term treatment and relief in the said conditions.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Also Read: Ragi – Nutritional Value, Benefits & Side Effects
Sitopaladi churna is available in two forms:
Sitopaladi churna can either be taken with honey, water or ghee. 10 One should always take the advice of an Ayurvedic physician before having sitopaladi churna. In addition, we recommend you do not replace or discontinue your ongoing medications with any ayurvedic or herbal preparations without seeking the medical advice of a qualified doctor. They will guide you with the best form and dosage in which the herb can be used per your health condition.
Also Read: What Does It Mean When You Cough Up Blood: Decoding the Alarming Signs
There is not sufficient evidence for sideeffects of Sitopaladi churna and it may be safe when used by children and pregnant women. It is essential to consult an Ayurvedic physician and take only take prescribed doses.3
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Due to its kapha and vata dosha balancing qualities, sitopaladi churna might be helpful in the management of asthma symptoms. It helps to breathe easily by clearing the air pathways.7, 8 Every person may respond differently to these herbs. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor before using sitopaladi churna for any medical condition.
Intercostal neuralgia is nerve pain right under you’re the ribs. There can be pain in the chest and upper back region. Sitopaladi churna may be helpful in the management of intercostal neuralgia.9 It is however, important to consult a doctor before using sitopaladi churna for any medical condition.
The ingredients of sitopaladi churna are taken separately, crushed well to form a powder, and filtered through a clean cotton cloth. The ingredients are then mixed together to form a uniform mixture and then stored in an air-tight container.10
According to a case report Sitopaladi churna might be helpful in post-covid lung complications due to its affinity towards the respiratory system.11 This may be followed under supervision and guidance of a qualified doctor.
Sitopaladi churna is also known by the names- sitopaladi choorna, sitopaladi choornam, sitopaladi chooran, etc.12
Yes, Sitopaladi Churna’s soothing properties can help ease the discomfort of a sore throat by reducing inflammation and providing relief from irritation. Mixing it with honey and consuming it may be beneficial for a sore throat.
Sitopaladi Churna is typically taken orally with honey or warm water. The dosage and frequency may vary depending on the individual’s age, condition and the Ayurvedic practitioner’s recommendation.
Sitopaladi Churna contains sugar candy, which may impact blood sugar levels. Individuals with diabetes should consult their healthcare provider or an Ayurvedic practitioner before using it and consider alternatives without sugar candy.
Sitopaladi Churna generally has a pleasant taste due to the combination of sweet and aromatic herbs like sugar candy and cardamom. Mixing it with honey or warm water can enhance its taste.
Ayurvedic practitioners often recommend taking Sitopaladi Churna after meals for better absorption and to avoid any potential discomfort on an empty stomach.
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Disclaimer:
The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Hibiscus, commonly called Roselle, belongs to the family Malvaceae. Hibiscus has over 300 species of flowering plants, and one of them is Hibiscus sabdariffa Linne. It is considered a multipurpose plant that may have various health benefits. Hibiscus is a perennial flowering plant grown throughout the seasons. The shrub originated in Africa and is planted worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions of India, China, Sudan, Malaysia, Taiwan and many other countries.1-3
Hibiscus is cultivated for flowers, leaves, stems, seeds and roots. Hibiscus flowers and seed oils are widely used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical formulations. Hibiscus has medicinal value, which has been referenced in Ayurveda and the Chinese medicine system. It is commonly called Lalambari or Gudhal in Hindi and Jaswandh in Marathi.1,2
According to a study, regular consumption of hibiscus tea potentially lowered the blood pressure of a hypertensive patient as compared to the initial dose of the standard medication to lower the BP. So, hibiscus tea might be useful to bring down high BP with the avoidance of side effects of the medications used to treat hypertension.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD
Did you know?
Hibiscus has good nutritional value, which is given below.
| Nutritional Value | Calyx | Seeds | Leaves |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 10.2 | 25.5 | 8.7 |
| Fat (g) | 0.1 | 21.4 | 0.3 |
| Protein (g) | 2 | 28.9 | 3.5 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 17 | 9 | 2.3 |
| Calcium (mg) | 150 | 350 | 240 |
| Iron (mg) | 3 | 9 | 5 |
| Thiamine (mg) | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.4 |
| Niacin (mg) | 0.06 | 1.5 | 1.4 |
Table1: Nutritional value of Hibiscus per 100 grams4
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In Egypt and Sudan, tea extracted from a part of the hibiscus flower is used as a refrigerant to lower body temperature. This preparation is known as karkade.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
The whole plant of hibiscus, including the flower, stem, leaves, roots and seeds, has beneficial properties .1
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Hibiscus may have the following potential uses that might benefit various health conditions.
Hibiscus calyx juice might be beneficial for cancer. It may show an antiproliferative (reducing cancer cell spread) effect and has antioxidants which may perform free radical scavenging activities. The human cell line studies by Akim et al. 2011 have shown that hibiscus juice may cause cancer cell death. It might be considered that hibiscus may have potential uses in cancer-related diseases. 1,2
However, these studies are insufficient and require more human trials to support the potential use of hibiscus for cancer management in humans. Cancer is a serious medical condition and may require a qualified doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, seeking medical advice from a doctor before consuming hibiscus juice is preferable.
The efficacy of hibiscus in the management of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus type 2 was studied in an animal model (Peng CH. et al. 2011). The results revealed a significant reduction in blood sugar levels. It also showed that the hibiscus extract might have anti-insulin resistance properties (shows an insulin-like response), decreasing high blood sugar and insulin levels.4 These studies are insufficient as these studies are not done on humans. However, more studies on humans are required to back this claim. Therefore, it is essential to first speak to your concerned doctors and only have hibiscus as a herb.
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Hibiscus leaves and flowers may have beneficial properties for hair health. It might be helpful in circulating the blood to hair follicles. The leaves and flowers of hibiscus contain natural pigments, antioxidants and vitamins that might be useful for hair health.5,6
According to animal studies done by N. Adhirajan et al. 2003, the topical application of leaf extract and gentle rubbing action on the skin enhanced blood circulation; this may have some effect on hair growth. This study also mentions that the hibiscus leaf extract might directly impact hair follicles, improving hair condition.5,7
These studies are carried out on animals and not done on humans. Hence, this information is insufficient. We require more studies on humans back above claim. So, it is essential to first speak to your concerned doctors and only use hibiscus for hair health.
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Hibiscus plants are rich sources of mucilages, which are complex polysaccharides. The plant’s leaves were traditionally used to manage burning sensations and skin diseases. It may have a skin-soothing and moisturising effect. The hibiscus mucilage extract contains glycerine, which may show the highest skin moisturising effect.8
There is a need for more studies to establish the positive effect of hibiscus on skin-related problems. Hibiscus should not be used to self-medicate without consulting a doctor.
Hibiscus may have potential uses in weight management. In animal studies conducted by Hansawasdi et al. 2003, hibiscus tea showed blocking of sugars and starch absorption, which might benefit weight loss. The ability of hibiscus extract to maintain weight might be due to its polyphenols and flavonoids, which might decrease the accumulation of fat and, thus, maintain body weight.9
Unfortunately, these studies are insufficient and more studies are needed to support the potential use of hibiscus for weight loss management in humans. Therefore, consult a doctor before having hibiscus tea to keep a check on your weight.
The hibiscus extract may have a beneficial effect on kidneys. It might reduce serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and lipids. hibiscus may be beneficial in lowering oxidative damage to kidneys. Consumption of hibiscus tea might produce a uricosuric effect that might be helpful in the excretion of uric acid through urine. This may benefit the deposition of calcium crystals in kidneys and thus, managing kidney stones.10
The information is not sufficient and further studies are required to support the potential use of hibiscus to overcome kidney-related issues in humans.
Though there are studies showing the benefits of hibiscus in various health conditions, these are insufficient, and there is a need for further studies to establish the true scope of benefits of hibiscus on human health. Every person may respond differently to hibiscus herbal preparations. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor before using hibiscus for any medical condition.
Also Read: Bael: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and more!
Various parts of hibiscus are used in the following ways:
People should consult a doctor before taking hibiscus herbal supplements. We recommend that you do not change or discontinue your ongoing medications with herbal preparations without consulting a qualified physician.
Before consuming any herb, one should consult an Ayurvedic physician because the herbs may have specific side effects. The side effects of hibiscus are as follows:
However, if any such side effects are observed after having hibiscus, please get in touch with an Ayurvedic physician who advised you to have the herb. They will provide the appropriate treatment to overcome the side effects.
Also Read: Reetha: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
People should take precautions while consuming Hibiscus extract, specifically patients with heart and kidney-related diseases.9,10
Patients with high blood pressure receiving non-potassium sparing diuretics (medicines that help excrete more urine and treat oedema) should take precautions. If the dose increases the prescribed amount, the diuretic effect of Hibiscus extract might exert pressure on the blood vessel, causing death caused by loss of heart function.8,10
Patients with kidney stones or kidney dysfunction should consult a doctor about using Hibiscus juice; consumption in high amounts may lead to high creatinine levels in the blood resulting in a loss of kidney functioning.10
There is insufficient information about the safe use of hibiscus for pregnant women. It is better to take doctor’s advice during this condition.5
The safety of taking hibiscus extract by lactating mothers is questionable because consumption during lactation might increase weight gain after birth and delay the onset of puberty in children. Lactating mothers should take advice from their doctor before using HIbiscus.10
If you are suffering from any disease condition, or suffer from specific allergies, consult your doctor about what foods and vegetables to avoid. Also, avoid consuming hibiscus for any health condition without consulting with a doctor first.
Hibiscus juice, when administered together with any drug, may increase the side effects and toxicity and also lead to failure of the drug efficacy.9
When taken together with acetaminophen (paracetamol), Hibiscus sweetened water extract may interact with acetaminophen, resulting in the loss of drug efficacy.11 Also, suppose you are taking any medications. In that case, you need to consult with your doctor about the possible interactions of the drug with any vegetables or herbs. This will help you avoid possible interactions of medicines with any herb or vegetable.
Also Read: Ashwagandha: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Hibiscus Tea is a non-caffeinated herbal tea made from Hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdaraffa L.). The tea is made from the dried fruit of the flower. The tea is red and tastes like berries.4
Hibiscus tea is made from the fruit calyx of hibiscus. Wash and air dry some calyces, crush them or make a fine powder. To make tea add the crushed calyces to a tea bag and let it steep for a couple of minutes in boiling water; add sugar or lemon juice if required. The tea is ready to serve hot or cold and can be stored in the refrigerator.4
There are several common names for hibiscus, such as Roselle, Jamaican sorrel, and Indian sorrel in English. In Urdu, it is called Rozelle hemp. In Hindi, it is known as Lalambari.1
Mixing hibiscus powder with water and applying it to the hair might benefit hair health. Hibiscus consists of natural pigments, vitamins and antioxidants that may be useful for managing natural hair conditions.6 However, this information is insufficient. You should consult a doctor before using hibiscus for hair.
Hibiscus contains vitamin C, B1 (thiamin), B3 (niacin) and B2 (riboflavin).4
1. Solangi A, Siddiqui A, Junejo S, Younisarain M, Aslam Ansari M, Talpur A, et al. Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) A Multipurpose Medicinal Plant And Its Uses: A Review. Int J Biol Res. 2017 ;5(1):21–24. Available from: ROSELLE (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L.) A MULTIPURPOSE MEDICINAL PLANT AND ITS USES.pdf (ijbr.net)
2. Puro K, Sunjukta R, Samir S, Ghatak S, Shakuntala I, Sen A. Medicinal Uses of Roselle Plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.): A Mini Review. Issue 1 Indian J of Hill Farming . 2014 ;27(1):47-51. Available from: http://www.kiran.nic.in/pdf/IJHF/Vol27_1_new/9.%20MedicinalUsesofRosellePlant(Hibiscus%20sabdariffaL).pdf
3. Ismail A, Hainida E, Ikram K, Saadiah H, Nazri M. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Seeds-Nutritional Composition, Protein Quality and Health Benefits Global Science Books Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Seeds-Nutritional Composition, Protein Quality and Health Benefits. 2008; 2(1):1-16. Available from: https://www.doc-developpement-durable.org/file/Culture/Arbres-Fruitiers/FICHES_ARBRES/bissap-hibiscus%20sabdariffa&cannabinus/roselle%20seeds.pdf
4. Singh P, Khan M, Hailemariam H. Nutritional and health importance of Hibiscus sabdariffa: a review and indication for research needs. 2017; 6(5):125-128. Available from: https://www.researchgate/links/59c64a92458515548f326de6/Nutritional-and-Health-Importance-of-Hibiscus-Sabdariffa-A-Review-and-Indication-for-Research-Needs.pdf
5. Jadhav V, Thorat R, Kadam V, Sathe N, Jadhav V. Traditional medicinal uses of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 2009 [;2(8):1220-1222. Available from: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.735.2975&rep=rep1&type=pdf
6. Shelke M, Parjane S, Mankar SD, Siddheshwar SS. Therapeutic potential of Hibiscusrosa sinensis – A Review. Res J of Sci and Techno. 2021 2(8);151–156. Available from: https://rjstonline.com/ 10.52711/2349-2988.2021.00023
7. Adhirajan N, Ravi Kumar T, Shanmugasundaram N, Babu M. In vivo and in vitro evaluation of hair growth potential of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. J Ethno pharmacol . 2003 ;88(2–3):235–239. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12963149/
8. Kassakul W, Praznik W, Hongwiset D, Article O, Viernstein H, Phrutivorapongkul A, et al. Characterisation Of The Mucilages Extracted From Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Linn And Hibiscus Mutabilis Linn And Their Skin Moisturizing Effect. Art in InterJ of Pharma and PharmaceuSci . 2014;6(11). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283121889
9. Ojulari V, Lee G, Nam O. Beneficial Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on Obesity. 2019; 24(210):1-14. Available from: www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
10. Da-Costa-Rocha I, Bonnlaender B, Sievers H, Pischel I, Heinrich M. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. – a phytochemical and pharmacological review. Food Chemistry. 2014 ;165:424–443. Available from: https://europepmc.org/article/med/25038696
11. Kolawole J, Maduenyi A. Effect of zobo drink (Hibiscus sabdariffa water extract) on the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in human volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet . 2004 ;29(1):25–29. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15151167/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Prabhakar vati is an ancient Ayurvedic formulation which has been used for centuries, mainly to manage hrudroga.1 Hrudroga, a disease of the heart, can be due to damage either in the structure or function of the heart. Prabhakar vati is made from different herbominerals, which might help strengthen the heart; therefore, it might be helpful for diseases of the heart.1 This Ayurvedic preparation is now being standardised and commercialised too.
Did you know?
The ingredients used in the preparation of prabhakar vati are as follows:
| Ingredient | Parts used |
| Swarna mahkshika bhasma | 1 part |
| Loha bhasma | 1 part |
| Shilajatu | 1 part |
| Abhrak bhasma | 1 part |
| Arjuna swarasa | QS (Quantity Sufficit)1 |
Based on my knowledge and experience, I have observed that Abhraka bhasma, a component of Prabhakar vati, may have potential benefits in managing exertional dyspnea. It is believed to work by improving lung function and enhancing respiratory capacity, which can help alleviate breathing difficulties during physical exertion.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD
Swarna mahkshika bhasma: It is a mineral containing copper, iron and sulphur. It is also known as chalcopyrite or copper pyrite. Swarna mahshika is the most abundant copper-containing mineral and has been used in Ayurveda for a long time to manage various diseases.2
Loha Bhasma: It is majorly an iron-containing, complex Ayurvedic preparation. It is a mineral and herb-containing preparation. It may help in promoting the growth of blood cells in the body.3
Shilajatu: It is a water-soluble, resin-type of material that flows from the rocks of the Himalayas during summers. It may have helpful properties; therefore, it is used in Ayurveda in combination with various other medicinal components. It is blackish-brown in colour.4
Abhrak bhasma: It is nothing but mica, i.e. biotite. Abhrak bhasma is an ash form of mica. It is basically a herbomineral preparation used in Ayurveda for many diseases. It is of different types based on colour, reaction to heat, etc.5
Arjuna swarasa: Arjuna is the common name of a tree which has been utilised for its medicinal properties for centuries. It might be mainly helpful for heart diseases but may also be helpful for many other disorders as well. Swarasa means juice, thus implying that the juice of Arjuna is utilised in prabhakar vati.6
Over the years, I have found that Loha bhasma, which is present in Prabhakar vati, may be beneficial in managing Shwasa (respiratory disorder) associated with Hrudvyatha (chest pain), Plihavrudhhi (enlargement of the spleen), Yakrutavruddhi (enlargement of the liver), and Sarvanga shopha (generalized swelling). The mechanism of action for this is believed to be through the properties of Loha bhasma, which may help in reducing inflammation, improving respiratory function, and addressing the underlying causes of these associated conditions.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Prabhakar vati might have the properties of its constituent; therefore, it might have the following properties:
Potential uses of prabhakar vati as follows:
Heart failure (also known as congestive cardiac failure) is a condition in which ventricles (chambers of the heart) are unable to pump blood to body parts. Prabhakar vati is a considerable choice for Ayurvedic physicians in such a condition. This is due to the fact that its constituents might help address the various problems due to which the heart is unable to perform its function by potentially strengthening it and reducing the load, and it might provide relief from common symptoms (like breathlessness, irregular pulse etc.). The components of prabhakar vati might be individually used to deal with various heart-related discomforts; therefore, together, they might act as a potent drug for certain heart conditions.1 However, more research is required to prove such claims. Moreover, diseases of the heart must be properly diagnosed and treated by a doctor. So, kindly consult a doctor.
High blood pressure is a known risk factor for heart diseases and increases the chances of stroke. It can have deadly consequences; therefore, constant care and monitoring are required. Among the various measures that need to be taken for this condition, prabhakar vati has also been recommended by the National Health Portal of India.7 However, more research is required to prove its potential effects. Conditions such as high blood pressure must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor, thereby, kindly consult a doctor.
Also Read: 6 Effective Home Remedies For High Blood Pressure
Anaemia is a condition caused due to reduced blood or haemoglobin (a protein) in cells of the blood. One of the constituents of prabhakar vati, loha bhasma, may help with the irregular beating of the heart, which is caused by anaemia.1 Loha bhasma may act as a haematinic agent and might stimulate the production of blood cells or haemoglobin. Thus, it may help counter the main causative factor of anaemia.3 However, more research is required to ascertain such potential actions. Kindly consult a doctor. Do not self-medicate.
Prabhakar vati has abhraka bhasma, which might be good for nerves. It was found in studies that it has a potential use for the nerves and might be helpful for strengthening and rehabilitating the tissue. It might help in healing the nervous tissue that is impaired.5 However, more research is required to prove such claims. Please consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.
Prabhakar vati contains iron as it contains lauha bhasma. Thus, prabhakar vati might help enhance the strength of an individual and may make them feel energetic. It may also be helpful in enhancing vitality. It may also have anti-ageing properties.3 However, more research is required to prove such claims. Kindly consult a doctor.
Though there are studies that show the potential uses of prabhakar vati in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need of further studies to establish the true extent of benefits of prabhakar vati on human health.
Prabhakar vati is available in the form of tablets. They are small, brown-coloured tablets and are being produced commercially. However, they are not over-the-counter drugs, and a physician should be consulted before taking them. Your Ayurvedic physician will prescribe you the form and dosage as per your health condition.
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Side effects of prabhakar vati have not been reported yet in any major study. More research is required to ascertain its side effects. However, it may cause reaction/effects in certain individuals as each body reacts differently to different substances. If you notice any reaction, bring it to your Ayurvedic doctor’s attention immediately, as they will be better equipped to manage such situations.
Also Read: Shilajit: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
A few general points are always to be kept in mind. Special care must be taken while giving this formulation to:
Do not self-medicate, it should not be taken without a doctor’s recommendation.
Also Read: Chandraprabha Vati (Chandraprabha Gulika): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!
There is insufficient evidence to state that there are no adverse reactions at all; more studies are required in this area. So, it is wise to take your doctor’s advice on the method of use and dosage of prabhakar vati. Kindly do not self-medicate. Please ensure that you disclose all the medications being used to your doctor so that they can have a clear picture about your complete health condition.
Also Read: Neem: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Prabhakar vati is an Ayurvedic formulation made up of different herbominerals. It is made using ingredients that are found in nature and contains various mineral constituents. It might be mainly helpful for diseases of the heart.1 However, more studies on it are required.
No. There are no reports of prabhakar vati being used to cure joint pains or joint problems.
Prabhakar vati might be helpful for certain diseases of the heart. It might help strengthen the valves of the heart and may help it to pump blood to the body efficiently.1 However, more studies are required to prove such claims. A doctor must be consulted for proper diagnosis and treatment of serious conditions such as diseases of the heart.
No. Prabhakar vati is not reported to be beneficial for the eyes. There isn’t enough evidence regarding the use of prabhakar vati for eyes.
The daily dosage of prabhakar vati and its method of use will be prescribed by your doctor. Kindly refer to your Ayurvedic doctor’s prescription as it is customised for your health.
The evidence is not enough to establish the safety of prabhakar vati during pregnancy. It is best to consult your Ayurvedic physician in such matters.
Prabhakar vati might help with high blood pressure. It is one of the formulations recommended by the National Health Portal of India for lowering elevated blood pressure.8 However, more research is required to prove its possible effects. Moreover, conditions such as high blood pressure must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor.
There have been no reports claiming the beneficial effects of prabhakar vati in patients with asthma. However, it might be helpful for breathlessness caused due to problems related to the heart.1 However, more research is required to ascertain such claims.
Also Read: Effective Home Remedies for Red Eyes
Also Read: Brahmi: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
1. Patil P, Shetti U, Maharashtra J. INTERNATIONAL ACTION OF PRABHAKARA VATI AND HRUDAYARNAVA RASA IN CARDIAC. Available from: http://www.iamj.in/prposts/2018/images/upload/1144_1147.pdf
2. Carism M, Tamilnadu T. ISSN 2230 – 8407 Review Article A REVIEW ON SWARNA MAKSHIKA Devanathan R *. 2011;2(9):1–5. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286733079_A_review_on_swarna_makshika
3. Joshi N, Dash M, Dwivedi L, Khilnani G. Toxicity study of Lauha Bhasma (calcined iron) in albino rats. Anc Sci Life [Internet]. 2016;35(3):159. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4850776/
4. Chaudhary SP, Singh AK, Al J, Al A, Al J, Hospital S, et al. A review of shilajatu based on samhitha and nighantus A review of shilajatu based on samhitha and nighantus. 2016;(December):2–7.
5. Reddy PS, Beena MD. International Journal of Ayurveda AYURVEDIC APPROACH. Int J Ayurveda Pharma Res [Internet]. 2018;6(4):17–21. Available from: https://ijapr.in/index.php/ijapr/article/view/1240
6. Mehul M, Krunal D. Therapeutic Importance of Arjuna (Terminalia Arjuna W. & a.) in Ayurveda-a Classical Review. Int J Appl Ayurved Res [Internet]. 2016;2(10):1371–85. Available from: www.ijaar.in
7. Vyanabala vaishamya (Hypertension) | National Health Portal of India [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 17]. Available from: https://www.nhp.gov.in/Vyanabala-vaishamya-(Hypertension)_mtl
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem in India, is also called ‘Margosa’ or ‘Indian Lilac’. It is the most versatile, diverse (different varieties of species) tree in the tropical region (hot regions), that might have medicinal potential. Neem has a lot of beneficial non-wood products like flowers, leaves, fruits, bark, gum, oil, seeds, and neem cake (residue left over after oil is pressed from neem seeds). It is thus considered the most useful tree in comparison to all other tree species.1
In Sanskrit neem is called ‘arista’ which means ‘perfect, complete and imperishable.1 ‘Nimba’ is the Sanskrit name of neem and is derived from the term ‘nimbati swasthyamdadati’ which means ‘to give good health’. Even the Persians have named neem as ‘Azad- Darakth- E- Hind’ which implies ‘Free tree of India’. It shows remarkable potential in the fields of environment protection, pest management, and medicine. Neem might be a natural source of pesticides, insecticides, and agrochemicals apart from having potential health uses.1
Leaf meals from some tropical legumes have been explored due to the need to look for alternative sources of food for humans and feed for livestock. Neem leaf meal was analysed in a study that found that it has 18.10% crude protein and relatively high crude fibre of about 15-56%. Though the gross energy content was high at 4.16 kcal/g, the metabolizable energy is low.2
Non-ruminant animals might also benefit from leaf meal from neem plants as a source of protein, vitamins, minerals, and carotenoids.2
Neem, due to its potential properties, has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for more than 4000 years. Neem products have several properties and might have applications in various fields making neem a green treasure.
Let me tell you a secret! While highlighting the numerous health advantages of neem components and extracts, neem may lead to few problems too! I have read an article that says over-consumption of neem or its extracts might have ill health effects, notably on the liver and kidneys. From my perspective, the consumption of neem might be done only after the physician’s consent.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Did you know ?
Also Read: Paneer Dodi: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Studies have shown that a chemical found in neem, called nimbidin, might possess anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity. Nimbidin might help inhibit the inflammatory action of macrophages and neutrophils. Neem might aid in lowering inflammation and might help reduce associated swelling and pain. It might also be helpful for rheumatoid arthritis, a disease characterised by inflammation and pain in the joints and muscles due to auto-immune reactions.3 However, more research is required. Kindly consult a doctor.
Viral infections: Neem might help with dengue fever by possibly stopping the growth of the dengue virus. It might interfere with the replication of the coxsackie B virus, a group of viruses that causes ailments ranging from stomach upset to full-fledged infections in humans. Neem leaf has traditionally been used for viral diseases such as chickenpox and smallpox as well.3 However, more studies are required to prove such claims.
Bacterial infections and Skin infections: Recent studies have focused on antibacterial activities of neem in the mouth, specifically in gum disease and tooth cavities.3
Neem is also thought to be very effective in managing scabies, but sufficient scientific data does not exist for human studies.3
Since neem might have potential antimicrobial properties, it may be helpful for various skin problems and diseases such as acne, eczema, and other skin conditions. Neem oil might also help with psoriasis symptoms.3 However, more research is required to back up such claims.
Fungal infections: Studies have shown that neem might have antifungal characteristics, which might help with fungal infections like athlete’s foot, ringworm and candida, commonly called as a yeast infection or thrush-causing organism. Thrush is a fungal infection that can occur in the mouth, throat or other parts of the body.3 However, more research is required.
Flavonoids and other chemicals found in neem might play a role against the worsening of cancer. Several studies suggest that high flavonoids might help stop the growth of cancer.4 Neem and its extracts have a potential action against a wide range of cancer cells in humans that include cancers of the skin, breast, lung, oral, stomach, liver, colon, and prostate.3 However, much more extensive research is required to prove its potential use. Moreover, cancer is a serious condition and you should consult a qualified doctor for its diagnosis and treatment.
Studies have recently started to focus on the hypoglycaemic (lowering blood sugar) effect of neem. The exact mechanism is not clear, however, the effects are visible.3 Please consult a doctor, as conditions like diabetes are to be diagnosed and treated by a doctor.
Also Read: 10 Effective Home Remedies For Diabetes!
Neem might have some effect on liver protection, which in turn might aid the purification of blood. Neem leaf might help reduce liver damage occurring due to chemicals by stabilising serum marker enzyme levels and by increasing antioxidant levels, like those present in natural carotenoids, vitamin E and C. These antioxidants might help to neutralize free radicals and may inhibit damage.3 However, more research is required. Kindly consult a doctor.
The most important potential use of neem may be due to its immune-stimulating property. It might help both the cell-mediated and lymphocytic immune systems, including ”Killer T” cells. These cells might help to kill viruses, other microbes, etc. by releasing toxic chemicals into them.3 However, more research is required to be sure.
The antioxidants present in neem might show brain-protective properties. In stroke patients, neem might help against brain damage. It might help the brain by raising the levels of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and might help in a process called lipid peroxidation, which might be helpful.3 However, more research is required to ascertain such claims.
In rural India, it is still used to clean teeth. The potential antimicrobial qualities of neem might aid gingivitis and plaque reduction. Antiseptic properties might be present in neem twigs which might help with to maintain oral hygiene.3 However, more studies are required to prove such potential uses, for any concern related to oral care, please consult a dentist.
Also Read: Ashwagandha: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Studies have shown that neem bark might reduce the secretion of acid in the stomach by 77% and might regulate stomach secretion volume by 63%. It might reduce stomach enzyme pepsin activity by 50% and may reduce damage to stomach tissue further owing to its potential anti-inflammatory properties.3 However, more research is required to back up such claims. Please ensure to consult a doctor. Do not self-medicate.
Also Read: 8 Best Home Remedies for Upset Stomach
Blood clots, excessive cholesterol levels, high blood pressure and irregular heartbeat (arrhythmic heart action) are all major causes of heart attacks. Neem leaf extracts might have the potential to help lower blood pressure, may reduce clotting and strain on the circulatory system, may help with irregular heartbeats and might lower levels of bad cholesterol.3,4 However, more studies are required to prove the potential uses of neem for the heart. Heart-related problems should be addressed immediately by a qualified doctor, please do not try to self-medicate using herbs.
Malaria is a common disease of the tropical climate. Neem leaf extract might be helpful against the malaria virus indirectly as it may have an effect on parasites that carry the virus. Dried neem leaves are burnt and used as a mosquito repellent.3 However, more concrete evidence is required to validate its effectiveness. Malaria should be diagnosed and treated by a doctor, so kindly consult a doctor.
Also Read: 10 Simple Home Remedies For Malaria
Neem might also be helpful for skin problems like vitiligo, an autoimmune disorder that causes the skin to lose colour and turn white. However, more research is required to prove the potential use of neem for vitiligo. Kindly consult a doctor for its proper diagnosis and treatment.3
Though there are studies that show the benefits of herbs in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of herbs like neem on human health.
Neem has a compound, furanolactone, which is well recognised for its ability to reduce the generation of inflammation and to anaesthetize pain. From my experience, neem may alleviate pain associated with cancer and diabetes.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Also Read: How to Get Rid of Fruit Flies: Proven and Effective Methods
Neem might be of potential use in several forms like neem oil, cake, twigs for oral care, leaf extract, extract from flowers and many other products derived from the neem tree.1
You must consult your Ayurvedic physician for advice on the form and dosage as per your health condition.
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
For ages, neem twigs proved beneficial for oral hygiene as a tooth cleaner, a pain cure, and mouth deodorant. From my perspective, due to its antibacterial, anti-candidal, anti-cariogenic, anti-gingivitis, and anti-plaque action, neem may aid in dental problems. In place of sodium hypochlorite, its antibacterial and antioxidant qualities make it a potential root canal irrigant used during root canal treatment.
Dr. Smita barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Every herb may react differently in individuals. More research is required to state the side effects of neem. However, we must consult the doctor before using the neem tree or its parts. Kindly do not self-medicate, alter, replace or discontinue any treatment by yourself.
Also Read: Alsi (Flax Seeds): Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
General precautions must be followed if we wish to consume neem. Moreover, it must be prescribed by an Ayurvedic doctor who will understand your conditions and will be able to guide you in the best possible way about dosage and form.
Pregnant women must use neem products with caution, and they should consult their doctor before consuming it in any form.
Before using neem for children, the elderly and breastfeeding moms, please consult your Ayurvedic physician.
Also Read: What Causes Roaches: An Insight into Infestation Sources and Prevention
There is a lack of studies regarding the interactions of neem with other drugs. Therefore, there is a need for more research on this subject. However, you should consult a doctor before using neem and its parts. You should make sure to disclose all the current medication being used.
Also Read: Gudmar: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Neem might be helpful against head lice. It is a common practice to apply neem all over the hair to kill head lice and their eggs as it might be helpful.3 However, more research is required. Please consult a doctor before using it.
Pregnant women must consult their doctor before using neem tree or its parts in any form. The effects of neem on pregnant women are not known fully and require further research.
Research has demonstrated the potential use of neem root or leaf extract as an insect repellent against black flies. Neem oil cream to the skin might appear to secure against certain kinds of mosquitos.4 However, more research is required.
Neem might have potential use for the livestock in many ways. It might become popular as an animal feed substitute. Every part of the neem tree such as bark, fruits, leaves, gum and seeds has potential use for animal problems. Neem leaves may act as an antiviral agent against several viral infections in livestock. A hot infusion of leaves might help with bruises, swollen glands and sprains.1
In Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, neem blossoms are being used on the occasion of Ugadi day in ‘Ugadi Pachhadi’ (soup-like pickle) to mark Telugu and Kannada new year. Demonstrates the interdependence of joy and sorrow and to be able to take both harsh and sweet things throughout life.4
Also Read: Triphala: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Brahmi, also called Bacopa monnieri, belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae. It is a small, succulent ( stems adapted to store water), glabrous (smooth), creeping or prostrate (branches above the ground) annual herb.1It is also known as Herpestis monniera, water hyssop (small bushy) and is locally known as Jalanimba or brahmi in India. The term brahmi is derived from the word ‘Brahma’, which refers to the mythical God of creation in Hindu mythology.2
Brahmi is primarily has been used for nearly 3000 years by Ayurvedic medical professionals. As the brain is considered the centre of creative activity, any substance that might boost the brain’s health is known as brahmi. It also means ‘bringing knowledge of the supreme reality”. Brahmi may be recognised as a popular memory booster among locals.2
The common local names of brahmi are Neerbrahmi, Bamanevari in Gujarati; Jalnam, Birami, Brahmi in Marathi; Brahmi in Oriya; Bhahmi in Malayalam; Brahmibuti in Punjabi; Sambarenu, Sambrani in Telugu; Brahmi vazhukkai, Nirabrahmi in Tamil; Ondelaga, Mandukaparni, Nirubrahmi in Kannada, Manduka Parni in Hindi; Brahmi in Assamese; Kapotavanka, Sarasvati in Sanskrit; Thyme Leaved Gratiola in English.1
Did You Know?
The compounds in brahmi that might be responsible for beneficial effects are saponin, alkaloids, and sterols.2
The properties of brahmi are described as follows:
Also Read: Pudina: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Based on my observations, Brahmi has shown potential in reducing the risk of stroke. Studies have revealed that Brahmi can protect the brain from ischemic insults, which are often associated with stroke. It helps decrease the size of damaged brain tissue, improve memory function, and enhance muscle coordination.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD
The potential uses of brahmi might be beneficial for various conditions. However, more research is needed to state the true potential of brahmi for human health.
The stomach-related effects of brahmi have been studied in the lab, animal, and human studies. A review report by Gohil and Patel et al. 2010 suggests the following benefits of brahmi.
However, more studies are required to ascertain the potential uses of brahmi for ulcers. Therefore, kindly consult a doctor as stomach ulcers and IBS are serious problems and should only be diagnosed and treated by a qualified doctor.
In my experience, I have observed that Brahmi has shown potential in relaxing cardiac and smooth muscles. This relaxing effect is thought to be mediated by the accumulation of calcium ions outside the cells.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Some researchers Bhattacharya et al. 1999 have reported that the brahmi extract was found to reverse the cognitive deficits (loss of memory and thinking) in animal models. In a human study conducted by Roodenrys et al. 2002 with people of ages 45 to 65 years, it was seen that the rate of learning was unaffected, implying that brahmi might reduce the rate of forgetting newly acquired information. Cognitive effects of Brahmi might be due to its antioxidant property.2 There is a need for further research to say that brahmi might benefit human cognition.
Some studies by Aithal et al. 1961 and Prakash et al. 1962 have found that brahmi extract and the extract of the whole plant may have sedative and tranquillising (reduces anxiety, tension, fear) effects on animals.2 There is a need for more studies on humans to suggest that brahmi may have sedative properties as these studies are very old and also done on animals.
In Ayurvedic medicine, the traditional use of brahmi as an anti-anxiety medication may be supported by both human and animal studies. In a human study by Singh R et al. 1982, brahmi showed reduced symptoms of anxiety, level of disability and mental fatigue, level of anxiety, and an increase in memory span.2 This information is insufficient and requires more studies to back this claim.
In Ayurvedic medicine, brahmi has been used as a solution for seizures. The extracts of brahmi were tested on animals, which showed anti-convulsant activity in animals.2 Therefore, brahmi might be helpful in convulsions seen in seizures. However, human studies are required to confirm its anti-convulsant property.
In an animal study, brahmi was found to be beneficial against drug-induced kidney and liver toxicity. It may also show strong activity in maintaining the antioxidant system that might benefit animals from drug induced liver toxicity.5 However, this information is not sufficient because these studies are done on animals. We require more human study to support the true scope of brahmi on human health.
Brahmi extract was tested for its anticancer property in various cancer cell lines and animal models. The cell line study by Elangovan et al. 1995 suggested that brahmi may have anticancer activity and mainly shows anticancer action by inhibiting the DNA replication. This might decrease the chances of the cancer cells from multiplying and producing new cancer cells. Thereby, it might slow the growth of the tumour.2 However, similar studies on humans are required to check the effectiveness of brahmi in humans as an anticancer agent. Since cancer is a severe condition, it requires a proper diagnosis and treatment. So, kindly consult a doctor and do not use brahmi to self-medicate yourself.
Though there are studies that show the benefits of brahmi in various conditions, but these are old and insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of brahmi on human health.
Also Read: Turmeric: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
You can use brahmi in:
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements made from brahmi. Likewise, do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Commonly reported side effects of brahmi include:
However, if you experience any adverse reactions to brahmi, immediately contact a doctor or your Ayurvedic physician who has prescribed it to you. They will be able to guide you appropriately for your symptoms.
Brahmi might be considered safe if it is consumed in small amounts. However, general precautions have to be followed to avoid complications.
Also Read: Shilajit vs Ashwagandha: Which One Is Better For Your Health? A Scientific Comparison
Lab and animal studies have shown that the extract of brahmi might enhance the effects of some drugs or have effect against some drugs and their harmful side effects.
Also Read: Babool: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Brahmi may have beneficial effects on the brain. It may also have antidepressant, antianxiety, sedative and cognitive effects on the brain.2 However, this information is insufficient and requires more research to support the benefit of brahmi on human health.
Brahmi has a few reported side effects, including nausea, increased stomach upset, and stomach motility.3 Therefore, it is essential to take precautions and immediately contact a doctor if any such side effects are observed. They will be the best person to provide you with proper treatment.
No, there is no sufficient data to support its usage during pregnancy. Therefore, avoid brahmi or consult your doctor in case of pregnancy.
Does brahmi cause sleep?
Brahmi may have sedative properties that may help induce sleep.2 Some studies suggested that the extract of the whole brahmi plant might have sedative and tranquillising (reduces anxiety, tension, fear) effects on animals.2 Therefore, brahmi may induce sleep and may also be helpful for insomnia. However, human studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of brahmi on humans.
Is brahmi good for hair?
Brahmi may be used as a hair tonic and encourage good hair health .6 However, this information is insufficient and requires more studies to support this claim.
Can I use brahmi during breastfeeding?
No, there is no sufficient data to support its usage during breastfeeding. Therefore, avoid brahmi or consult your doctor before taking brahmi.
Does brahmi interact with the thyroid?
Brahmi might enhance thyroid hormone activity. Brahmi may have the potential to interact with the thyroid hormone in the body. As a result, before taking brahmi, consult your doctor.2
1. THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA PART- I VOLUME – II [Internet]. 25–26 p. Available from: http://www.ayurveda.hu/api/API-Vol-2.pdf
2. Gohil KJ, Patel JJ. A review on Bacopa monniera: Current research and future prospects. Int J Green Pharm. 2010;4(1):1–9. Available at: https://www.greenpharmacy.info/index.php/ijgp/article/view/111
3. Aguiar S, Borowski T. Neuropharmacological review of the nootropic herb Bacopa monnieri. Rejuvenation Res. 2013;16(4):313–26. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3746283/
4. Irritable bowel syndrome [Internet]. Merrian-Webster Dictionary. [cited 2022 Apr 11]. Available from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/irritable bowel syndrome
5. Sudharani D, Krishna KL, Deval K, Safia AK P. Pharmacological profiles of Bacopa monnieri: A Review. Int J Pharm. 2011;1(1):15–23. Available at: https://www.pharmascholars.com/abstract/pharmacological-profiles-of-bacopa-monnieri-a-review-50874.html
6. Dr. Mahtab Alam Khan. Concept of Cosmetics in Unani Sytem of Medicine [Internet]. National Health Portal. 2016. Available from: https://www.nhp.gov.in/concept-of-cosmetics-in-unani-system-of-medicine_mtl
7. Khan DMA. Greying of Hairs / Canities ( Sheeb ) [Internet]. National Health Portal. 2020. Available from: https://www.nhp.gov.in/greying-of-hairs-canities-sheeb_mtl
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Shankh bhasm is an Ayurvedic medicine obtained from a marine source. It is prepared from the ash of Shankha (Conch shell), a calcium-containing compound. It is used by Ayurvedic physicians to help with a variety of conditions. Shankh bhasm is also an ingredient in classical Ayurvedic formulations like Kaphaketu rasa, Chandrodaya varti, Chandrodaya vati, and Sutashekhar rasa.1
Other names of shankh bhasm are Samudraja, Arnavabhava, Shankhak, Kambu, Kamboja, Kutijantah, Jalaja, Trirekha, Dirghanada, Pavanadhvani, Bahunada, Mahanada, Shankha, Sunaada, Sukhana, Haripriya Jalachar, Pitta, Dirghagosha, Varija, and Shodasavarta.2
Shankh bhasm is composed of calcium carbonate. It contains calcium in high amounts.2
Did you know?
The properties associated with shankh bhasma are given below.
Shankh bhasma may show potential uses against many conditions such as mentioned below.
The use of shankh bhasm purified with lemon juice may be recommended for managing gastro-esophagal reflux disease (GERD). It might help by negating the oxidative damage of stomach tissue, decreasing the secretions of the stomach, and providing protective benefits to the stomach. According to an animal study, shankh bhasm may also be effective in reducing stomach ulcers.2 You still need to contact your healthcare provider if you are suffering from any stomach problems. Using herbal remedies without a proper diagnosis may worsen the condition.
According to a study, oral intake of shankh bhasm showed potential effects in the management of ulcerative colitis (ulcers in the digestive tract). In addition, it could may benefits the symptoms of ulcerative colitis.2 However, if you have ulcerative colitis, talk to your healthcare provider and follow the treatment. Avoid using herbal remedies as an alternative to standard medical treatment.
Shankh bhasm may be used as a good calcium source for our body.2The bone mineral density is the measure of bone health. The bone mineral density determines whether the bones are healthy, strong, or weak. According to some studies, calcium supplements increase bone mineral density. This may indicate the potential benefits of shankh bhasma for bones. However, more studies are required to understand whether consuming more calcium from food or dietary supplements is beneficial in older adults when the bone loss is more and the bones become weak.4 Therefore, you should talk to your doctor before using shankh bhasm for bones.
Preeclampsia is a complication of late pregnancy, marked by symptoms like high blood pressure and a high amount of proteins in the urine. According to some studies, supplementing with calcium might reduce the risk of developing preeclampsia in pregnant women who consume too little calcium. Therefore, many doctors recommend calcium during pregnancy for women with low calcium intake. Shankh bhasm is a good source of calcium and may show similar benefits for the same.2,4 However, talk to your doctor before using shankh bhasm or any other herbs during pregnancy.
Metabolic syndrome is a serious medical condition. Metabolic syndrome increases the chances of developing heart diseases, stroke, and diabetes. Shankh bhasm may be used as a good source of calcium. Some studies suggest that calcium intake might lower the chances of metabolic syndrome in women. However, more studies are needed to consolidate its use.2,4
Also Read: Lohasava: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Shankh bhasm may be effective in removing unwanted hair from the body. Shankh bhasm, containing Lomashatan Kalpa, showed depilation (hair removal) activity according to a study. A small study conducted on 10 people showed a significant reduction in the number of hairs, hair thickness and length on oral use of shankh bhasm. Also, no side effects were reported on the skin after its usage.2 Larger studies would be needed to understand the exact benefits of shankh bhasma on human hair growth.
Studies show the benefits of the shankh bhasm in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of shankh bhasm on human health.
In my opinion, incorporating Shankha Bhasma might be beneficial for individuals dealing with chronic diarrhoea. It may help in reducing loose stools and improving bowel regularity, providing relief from the uncomfortable condition.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
There are no reported side effects of shankh bhasm, but shankha bhasm is chemically composed of calcium carbonate, which may have specific side effects as listed below.
From what I’ve noticed, Shankha Bhasma might also have some benefits for the skin. It may be used by young adults to help soothe acne.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Shankh Bhasm powder can be taken with water or lemon juice.2 It is advised to take shankh bhasm after consulting with your doctor.
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking shankh bhasm or herbal supplements. Likewise, do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
According to what I’ve observed, Shankha Bhasma is known to be beneficial for dealing with white spots in the eyes. It may help in addressing this condition and promote healthy and clear eyes.
Dr. Smita barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
There are no reported major side effects of shankh bhasm in prescribed doses. Still, shankha bhasm is chemically composed of calcium carbonate, which may have specific side effects as listed below.
Before using shankh bhasm for its benefits on health, talk to your healthcare provider about the side effects and limitations associated with its use.
Also Read: Pudina: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Before taking shankh bhasm, you need to exercise the following precautions:
If you want to use shankh bhasm for its health benefits, talk to your healthcare provider about the possible precautions associated with its use. It will help you make well-informed choices.
Also Read: Benefits of Prickly Pear Cactus: Delving into Research-Backed Health Benefits
Shank bhasm is an Ayurvedic medicine with various therapeutic benefits. Still, it should be taken with a doctor’s guidance as it can show interactions with other medications, such as:
Shankh bhasm might interact with medications like digoxin (used for heart failure), etidronate (used for osteoporosis), phenytoin (used for epilepsy), tetracycline (used for infections), and vitamins. The calcium present in shankh bhasm decreases the effectiveness of other medicines.5
Also, if you are taking medicine for any health condition, make sure to talk to your healthcare provider about the possible interactions of the drug with other herbs and medicines. It will help you avoid unwanted herb-drug interactions.
Also Read: Chandraprabha Vati (Chandraprabha Gulika): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Precautions & More!
Shankha bhasm is an Ayurvedic drug prepared from the ash of a conch shell (shankh). Shankh bhasm should be taken under the guidance of an Ayurvedic doctor.1
Shankh bhasm may be helpful in conditions like acidity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and ulcerative colitis. In addition, Shankh bhasm may be a good calcium source. Calcium may also show properties like improving bone health and reducing the risk of preeclampsia during pregnancy.2,4 Before using shankh bhasm for any of the conditions mentioned, make sure to have a consultation with your healthcare provider.
Shankh bhasm has shown benefits in removing unwanted hair from the skin. Oral intake of shankh bhasm containing Lomashatan Kalpa has shown hair depilation (removal) activity.2 However, in case of skin problems, always consult a skin doctor for better guidance.
You can use shankh bhasm as a calcium source.2 But shankh bhasm is an Ayurvedic medicine, so make sure to use it under the supervision of an Ayurvedic physician.
Also Read: Chandraprabha Vati: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & Precautions
1. Chavan S, Tayade S, Gupta V, Deshmukh V, Sardeshmukh S. Pharmaceutical Standardization and Physicochemical Characterization of Traditional Ayurvedic Marine Drug: Incinerated Conch Shell (Shankha Bhasma). Marine Drugs [Internet]. 2018 Nov 15 [cited 2022 Apr 18];16(11). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6266202/
2. Sachin A, Anjali Baijnath P, Sandip BR, Dipti DA, Rinku T, Professor A, et al. Pharmaceutical Characterization & Pharmacological Consideration Of Shankha Bhasma: An Ayurvedic Formulation. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal [Internet]. 2020; Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341592898_PHARMACEUTICAL_CHARACTERIZATION_PHARMACOLOGICAL_CONSIDERATION_OF_SHANKHA_BHASMA_AN_AYURVEDIC_FORMULATION
3. Meena V, Bhushan S, Chaudhary A. Pharmaceutical Validation & Process Conceptualisation of Ancient Indian Calcium Preparation: Shankha Bhasma. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research [Internet]. 2019;10(10):4724. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.10
4. Calcium – Consumer [Internet]. [cited 2022 Apr 27]. Available from: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium-Consumer/
5. Calcium Carbonate: MedlinePlus Drug Information [Internet]. [cited 2022 Apr 18]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601032.html
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Pudina, scientifically known as Mentha spicata, is an aromatic herb belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae). It is called Spearmint in English and is widely used in Indian and Italian cooking. It is one of the best mints used for flavour. The herb originated in Europe.1 Fresh and dried plant and essential oils derived from Pudina are widely used in the food, cosmetic, confectionery, chewing gum, toothpaste, and pharmaceutical industries.2 It is grown worldwide for commercial uses as a flavouring agent for food and to be used in medicines.3 The plant is commonly called Pudina in Hindi.4
Pudina has good nutritional value owning to the number of dietary components present. Moreover, it is a good source of many micronutrients and macronutrients.
| Nutritional component | Value |
| Water | 85.6 g |
| Energy | 44 Kcal |
| Protein | 3.29 g |
| Total lipid | 0.73 g |
| Carbohydrate | 8.41 g |
| Fibre (total dietary) | 6.8 g |
| Calcium | 199 mg |
| Iron | 11.9 mg |
| Potassium | 458 mg |
| Sodium | 30 mg |
| Zinc | 1.09 mg |
| Copper | 0.24 mg |
| Manganese | 1.12 mg |
| Phosphorus | 60 mg |
| Magnesium | 63 mg |
It also contains vitamins like
| Vitamin | Value |
| Vitamin C | 13.3 mg |
| Thiamine | 0.078 mg |
| Riboflavin | 0.175 mg |
| Niacin | 0.948 mg |
| Pantothenic acid | 0.25 mg |
| Vitamin B 6 | 0.158 mg |
| Folate, total | 105 µg |
| Vitamin A | 203 µg |
Did you know?
The properties of the Pudina herb are given below.
Also Read: Chia Seeds: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Based on my observations, it is possible that pudina (mint) may possess antiyeast properties. This means that it has the potential to inhibit the growth or activity of yeast organisms. The specific components present in pudina may help to disrupt the yeast’s normal functioning, thereby reducing its ability to cause infections or overgrowth.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)
Because of the various properties of pudina, it may show potential uses against different disease conditions. Some of the potential uses of pudina are given below.
Pudina is recommended as per traditional Iranian medicine to be included in daily diets to avoid flatulence (gas build-up in the stomach). Pudina may also help clean up toxins from the gut (these are the end products of gastric digestion) and strengthens the stomach. It may also be effective in dyspepsia (indigestion) symptoms such as appetite, bloating, belching (burping), and nausea.5 A decoction of pudina leaves may be used to relieve common digestive problems.3 However, if you suffer from digestive issues, you should consult your healthcare provider and get a proper diagnosis and treatment.
Also Read: Simple Home Remedies For Indigestion
It’s important to exercise caution when consuming Mentha piperita (peppermint) and spearmint teas, as excessive intake may lead to iron depletion and potentially result in anaemia. These teas have the potential to interfere with iron absorption in the body, which can be detrimental to your overall health.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
Administration of pudina extract showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels during animal studies. When tested on diabetic rats during animal trials, pudina leaf extract showed a remarkable improvement in blood glucose and cholesterol levels.3 These antidiabetic properties of pudina have been observed in animal trials, and more studies are required to consolidate the use of pudina in humans. If you have diabetes, you must follow your doctor’s advice and prescribed treatment.
In laboratory studies, the extract of pudina leaves showed strong anticancer activity against various cancer cells. In lab studies, extracts from pudina leaves slowed the growth of breast and mouth cancer cells.3 However, more studies are required to support the use of pudina during cancer. Therefore, you are advised not to use Pudina or other herbs to manage disease conditions.
The essential oil of pudina proved to be effective as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic (pain reliever) agent in animal trials.3, which shows that pudina may help reduce inflammation and swelling and ease the pain. However, these properties have been observed during animal trials. More studies are required to support using Pudina for inflammation and pain.
Be careful when using or inhaling menthol, as it can have adverse effects on certain individuals. In sensitive individuals, menthol inhalation may lead to apnoea (temporary pause in breathing) and laryngospasm (sudden closure of the vocal cords). This can initially create discomfort and if left unattended, it can worsen to a life-threatening emergency!
Dr. Smita barode, B.A.M.S, M.S.
Pudina extract showed learning and memory-enhancing benefits in animal and human studies. Oral administration of pudina extract improved mood, sleep quality and working memory.3It has also been reported that pudina improves sleep, mood, learning and memory in men and women having age-related memory impairment.3 However, more studies are required to understand the full extent effects of pudina on the brain. Therefore, if you experience any problems related to learning, memory, and sleep quality, you need to seek medical help.
Pudina extract and honey combination may help manage earache. Placing pudina leaves on the tongue may help remove tongue coarsening (roughness of tongue and lack of taste). Chewing pudina leaves may help relieve toothache and drinking its extract can help arrest bleeding.5
Though some studies show the benefits of pudina in various conditions, these are insufficient and there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of pudina on human health.
Also Read: Kalonji: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Pudina leaves are widely used for culinary purposes such as
You must consult a qualified doctor before taking pudina or any herbal supplements. Likewise, do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor.
Some of the side effects associated with pudina use are given below.
Before using pudina for its health effects, you need to consult your healthcare provider and get a proper diagnosis and treatment. It’ll help you avoid any unwanted side effects.
Some general precautions associated with pudina use are given below.
Pudina is possibly unsafe to consume during pregnancy. High doses may cause uterine damage.6
There is insufficient reliable information to determine whether pudina is safe to use while breastfeeding. To be safe, avoid using higher amounts of Pudina.6
Eating a large amount of Pudina might worsen existing kidney damage. Pudina tea might increase kidney damage in people, so it’s best to avoid it unless recommended by your Ayurvedic physician.6
Pudina tea might increase liver damage. So, using large amounts of pudina tea might worsen liver disease.7
If you want to take pudina for any of its properties, make sure to consult a healthcare provider as they will be able to guide you about the possible precautions you need to take to avoid any unwanted effects.
Also Read: Spearmint Tea Benefits: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & More!
Pudina shows moderate interaction with some drugs. You need to take precautions if you take these drugs
Pudina, when taken in higher amounts, can damage the liver. Some medicines can harm the liver as well. Using Pudina in high quantities along with these medications can worsen existing liver damage. It is advised not to use Pudina when taking drugs such as:
Acetaminophen (used for pain relief), carbamazepine (used for epilepsy), amiodarone (used for heart disease), isoniazid (INH) (used for tuberculosis), methotrexate (used for cancer), methyldopa (used for high blood pressure), fluconazole (used for fungal infection), itraconazole (used for fungal infection), phenytoin (used for epilepsy), lovastatin (used for high blood pressure), pravastatin (used for high blood pressure), erythromycin (used for bacterial infection), simvastatin are some examples of drugs that might affect the liver.6
A chemical substance found in Pudina might cause sleepiness and drowsiness. Sleep and drowsiness are common side effects of sedative medications. As a result, combining pudina with sedative medications may amplify the impact and produce additional sleepiness. Clonazepam, lorazepam, phenobarbital, and zolpidem7 are some examples of sedative drugs.6
If you are taking medication for any disease condition, make sure you have consulted your doctor about the possible interactions of the medication with other herbs and drugs. This will help you make well-informed choices and avoid unwanted herb-drug interactions.
Also Read: What Causes Roaches: An Insight into Infestation Sources and Prevention
Pudina is an aromatic herb widely used for its culinary benefits in foods.1
Mint leaf has man-effective properties; it may aid in gas relief from the stomach. It has shown benefits in diabetes, inflammation, and cancer in several animal trials. It may also help in enhancing memory and mood improvement.3,6 However, you are advised to consult your healthcare provider or doctor before using Pudina for any of the disease conditions.
Pudina leaves can be used for various culinary purposes, for example, fresh or dried leaves and flowers of Pudina can be used to prepare teas, beverages, sauces, jellies, and vinegar. Pudina leaves can also be added to fruit salads, peas, syrups, candies, ice creams, lamb dishes and Pudina sauce.1
No, Pudina may be harmful if consumed in large quantities during pregnancy because it may cause uterine damage. Therefore, excessive Pudina consumption should be avoided during pregnancy.7 also, before using any herb during pregnancy, make sure you have consulted your doctor about its limitations.
Also Read: Kutajarishta: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
1. Mentha spicata (Mint, Spearmint) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox [Internet]. [cited 2022 Apr 7]. Available from: https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/mentha-spicata/
2. Snoussi M, Noumi E, Trabelsi N, Flamini G, Papetti A, de Feo V. Mentha spicata Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities against Planktonic and Biofilm Cultures of Vibrio spp. Strains. Molecules [Internet]. 2015 Aug 1 [cited 2022 Apr 7];20(8):14402. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26262604/
3. Mahendran G, Verma SK, Rahman LU. The traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.): A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2021 Oct 5;278:114266. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34087400/
4. Ahirrao RA, Borse LB, Borse SL, Bhavsar KC, Patel MU, Patel KM. Aathelminitic Activity Of Gulmohar And Pudina Plants. 2009. Available from: https://pharmacologyonline.silae.it/files/newsletter/2009/vol2/77.Ahirrao.pdf
5. FoodData Central [Internet]. [cited 2022 Apr 6]. Available from: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/173475/nutrients
6. Mahboubi M. Mentha spicata L. essential oil, phytochemistry and its effectiveness in flatulence. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 2021 Mar 1;11(2):75–81. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2225411017301037
7. Spearmint: MedlinePlus Supplements [Internet]. [cited 2022 Apr 7]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/845.html
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
Chia, also known as Salvia hispanica, is a herbaceous plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae. It is native to northern Guatemala and southern Mexico. This plant produces several dried indehiscent fruits, usually called seeds.1
Now, chia is cultivated in Colombia, Australia, Bolivia, Peru, Guatemala, Mexico, and Argentina. Pre-Columbian people consumed chia in the 16th century to get strength, energy, and stamina. Oil is extracted from the chia seeds; this oil may be used in cosmetics. The other parts of the plant, including roots, leaves, and branches, may have been used less commonly to fight respiratory infections.2 Let’s take a closer look into the chia seeds benefits and side effects.
Do You Know?
The nutritional value of chia seeds per 100 g is as follows:3
| Nutrients | Content per 100 g |
| Water | 5.8 g |
| Carbohydrates | 42.1 g |
| Protein | 16.5 g |
| Fats | 30.7 g |
| Energy | 486 kcal |
| Fibre | 34.4 g |
| Iron | 7.72 mg |
| Calcium | 631 mg |
| Magnesium | 335 mg |
| Sodium | 16 mg |
| Potassium | 407 mg |
| Phosphorus | 860 mg |
| Copper | 0.924 mg |
| Zinc | 4.58 mg |
| Manganese | 2.72 mg |
| Selenium | 55.2 µg |
| Vitamin A | 54 IU |
| Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) | 0.62 mg |
| Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) | 0.17 mg |
| Vitamin B3 (Niacin) | 8.83 mg |
| Vitamin B9 (Folate) | 49 µg |
| Vitamin C | 1.6 mg |
| Vitamin E | 0.5 mg3 |
Don’t let a weak immune system bring you down! Chia seeds are loaded with nutrients like antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids that can help support immune function and reduce inflammation in the body.
Dr. Ashok Pal, BAMS
The potential uses of chia seeds may be associated with the following properties:
Chia seeds are a superfood, but don’t be quick to snack on them alone! Although these seeds are packed with nutrients, eating them dry can be harmful. The seeds can absorb water in your digestive system and potentially cause issues, so it’s best to incorporate them into a recipe or mix them with a liquid before consuming them to reap their benefits safely.
Dr. Siddharth Gupta, MD
The potential chia seeds uses might be beneficial for various conditions. However, more research is needed to state the chia seeds benefits for human health.
Some animal studies have shown that chia seeds may have beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes. In an animal study by Chicco et al. 2009, chia seeds decreased the internal fatty tissue and insulin resistance, indicating that chia seeds may have a role in lipid and glucose homeostasis (maintaining balance).4
This information is insufficient because these studies are done on animals. However, more studies on humans are required to support such potential use of chia seeds for managing blood sugar levels in the body.
Inflammatory diseases are linked with redness, pain, and swelling, which might lead to the loss of essential functions. A chia seed oil in diet may have been shown to lower the risk of pro-inflammatory agents (involved in inflammation). Therefore, it is suggested that chia seed oil might benefit the management of inflammatory diseases.4
This information is insufficient and requires more scientific proof to say that chia seeds have benefits for inflammatory diseases.
If you’re struggling with feelings of depression or anxiety, incorporating chia seeds into your diet could be a simple way to improve your mood and mental health. These seeds are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which have been shown to have antidepressant and antianxiety effects.
Dr. Anuja Bodhare, MD
High levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (bad cholesterol) in the blood may be directly linked to the development of heart-related diseases in humans. Consuming chia seeds may have been shown to lower serum cholesterol levels, as it contains a high amount of unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fibre.2 Therefore, chia seeds might benefit in fighting against heart diseases. However, extensive research will be required to back up such claims.
High blood pressure and dyslipidemia (high level of fats or cholesterol in blood) may be the most critical risk factors for heart diseases. Some studies have shown that chia seeds may have the potential to manage blood pressure and dyslipidemia. People who had high blood pressure when consumed chia seed flour might have lowered experienced a reduction in blood pressure. It might be caused due to the presence of a large amount of fatty acids that show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.2 This information is insufficient and requires further studies to establish the effects of chia seeds on managing high blood pressure and dyslipidemia in humans.
If you’re looking for a natural way to improve your bone health, chia seeds may be a great addition to your diet. These small but mighty seeds are packed with essential nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus that support strong bones.
Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS
As chia seeds are low in carbohydrates and high in dietary fibre, they may reduce the desire to eat and increase satiety (a state of being fed beyond capacity). A review report by Grancieri et al. 2019 suggests that the consumption of chia seeds by overweight and diabetic adults might show weight loss, reduced waist circumference and increased adiponectin (a protein hormone that reduces inflammation and fat deposition in the blood). In addition, overweight and obese people who eat chia seeds might also lose weight and fat.2 In another human study by Lombardo et al. 2009 and Morato et al. 2015, a significant reduction in waist measurement was observed after taking chia seeds for one month.4 However, this information is insufficient and needs more research on this subject to support the potential use of chia seeds in managing weight loss in humans.
Though there are studies that show the benefits of chia seeds in different health conditions, this information is insufficient. And hence, there is a need for further studies to establish the true extent of the benefits of chia seeds on human health. Additionally, every person may respond differently to these herbs. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor before using chia seed for any medical condition.
You may like: 10+ Easy Home Remedies To Reduce Weight
Chia seeds can be used as:
People consult a professional physician before taking any herbal supplements made up of chia seeds. We advise you to not replace or quit your ongoing medications with an ayurvedic or herbal preparation without consulting a physician or an Ayurvedic doctor. They will recommend you the best form and the dosage to have it.
Although chia seeds are relatively safe, some stomach-related side effects (unspecified) have been reported.5
However, if you experience any chia seeds side effects, seek immediate medical attention from your concerned doctors who have prescribed it. They will be the best person to provide you with proper treatment.
Protein malnutrition is a serious concern, but incorporating chia seeds in your diet could be a simple and effective way to prevent it. With 20% protein content, these little seeds pack a powerful punch when it comes to meeting your daily protein needs.
Dr. Smita Barode, BAMS
Having chia seeds in small quantities is safe. However, general precautions need to be followed.
Natural products may interact with your ongoing treatment, so you must always disclose your ongoing treatments to your Ayurvedic doctor and discuss the possible reactions before they prescribe you to form an dosage of natural products for their benefits as per your condition.
Also Read: Fennel Seeds: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
Chia seeds may have many health benefits. They may be suitable for diabetes, high blood pressure, heart-related diseases, and obesity. They may also have anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.2,4 However, one should always consult a doctor before using chia seeds for any health conditions
In a study by Morato et al. 2015, chia seeds reduced body weight and fat in overweight and obese people. Chia seeds are low in carbohydrates and high in dietary fibre, which might reduce the desire to eat and increasing satiety.2 Therefore, it might benefit you in losing weight. However, more studies on humans are required to back this claim.
Chia seeds might be good for diabetes. Some animal and human studies found chia seeds may have beneficial effects on managing diabetes.4 In animals, chia seeds lowered the internal fatty tissue and insulin resistance and might be involved in maintaining a balance in lipid and glucose levels.4 However, this information is insufficient and requires more human studies to support this claim.
There is no sufficient data on the safe usage of chia seeds during pregnancy. Therefore, consult your doctor before taking/consuming chia seeds during pregnancy.
Yes, there are various nutrients in chia seeds, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fibre, energy, iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B9, C, and E.3
Yes, chia seeds might cause allergies. People who are allergic to mustard seeds and sesame should avoid chia seeds.5
You can use chia seeds as a whole, seed oil, seed flour, branches, roots, or leaves.1,2
Also Read: Brahmi Grita: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects
1. De Falco B, Amato M, Lanzotti V. Chia seeds products: an overview. Phytochem Rev. 2017;16(4):745–60. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316994147_Chia_seeds_products_an_overview
2. Grancieri M, Martino HSD, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) as a Source of Proteins and Bioactive Peptides with Health Benefits: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2019;18(2):480–99. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33336944/
3. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Seeds, chia seeds, dried [Internet]. USDA. 2019. p. 1–3. Available at: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/168411/nutrients
4. Abdulrashed R, Gazem A, Chandrashekariah SA. Pharmacological Properties of Salvia Hispanica ( Chia ) Seeds : a Review. J Crit Rev [Internet]. 2016;3(3):63–7. Available at: http://www.jcreview.com/admin/Uploads/Files/61c71e25d3b1d4.46297628.pdf
5. Ulbricht C, Chao W, Nummy K, Rusie E, Tanguay-Colucci S, Iannuzzi C, et al. Chia (Salvia hispanica): A Systematic Review by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2009;4(3):168–74. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20028328/
Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.
Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.
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