PharmEasy Blog

Apple Cider Vinegar: Potential Uses, & Side Effects

Introduction:

Apples are high in antioxidants (natural substances that prevent cell damage by inhibiting oxidation), which might help inhibit free radicals (unstable atoms that lead to cell damage) formation. Apples are abundant in phenolic compounds, vitamins, minerals, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus, all of which might help with numerous chronic conditions. Apple cider vinegar is formed from pressed apples that have been processed in the same way as apple juice, but it is not filtered.

Low acetic acid, flavonoids, phenolic chemicals (gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid), organic acids, minerals, and vitamins are found in apple cider vinegar, which is made from cider that has undergone acetous bioconversion.1

Salad dressings, marinades, and sauces frequently contain apple cider vinegar. It is prepared by a fermentation process in which yeast and bacteria are added to the juice of pulverised apples, converting carbohydrates to alcohol and then to acetic acid that gives the vinegar its sour flavour. Cider vinegar and apple vinegar are frequent names for apple cider vinegar.2

Nutritional Value of Apple Cider Vinegar:

Pectin, vitamins B and C, and trace amounts of sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, and magnesium are all likely found in apple cider vinegar.2

Apple cider vinegar’s primary active ingredients are acetic acid and polyphenolic chemicals. Succinic, ascorbic, formic, citric, and oxalic acids are other organic acid compounds found in apple cider vinegar.2

Also Read: Elaichi (Cardamom): Uses, Benefits, Side Effects & Dosage

Properties of Apple Cider Vinegar:

Potential Uses of Apple Cider Vinegar:

Potential use of apple cider vinegar for cancer:

The potential antitumor activity of apple cider vinegar has been studied using an animal model. It was found that apple cider vinegar might reduce deoxyribonucleic acid damage, hyperproliferation and might be helpful against the growth of cancer. Apple polyphenols contain procyanidins, flavonoids, epicatechin, catechin, which might help suppress colon cancer cells.

The apple cider vinegar might help suppress the growth of breast cancer cells. In addition, the apple juice might also help against chemical-induced tumour genesis by using several cell lines.

Polyphenols present in apple cider vinegar may have cell toxicity effects in human urinary bladder cancer cells and might cause apoptosis (cell death) and oxidative stress.1 However, more research is required. Moreover, cancer is a serious condition and must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. Therefore, kindly consult a doctor.

Potential use of apple cider vinegar for diabetes:

The potential anti-diabetic effect of apple cider vinegar was studied in a normal and diabetic rat model. Apple cider vinegar showed a potential blood sugar lowering effect and, a potential to reduce the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and might also help normalise the lipid profiles in diabetes complications. Hence, apple cider vinegar might be helpful for diabetes.1

The hypoglycemic (blood sugar lowering) effect of apple cider vinegar was studied on human subjects, and it was found that it may help decrease the postprandial blood glucose after a meal. Researchers suggest that its use may influence satiety (feeling of fullness after eating) and blood sugar level control in healthy adults by slowing down gastric emptying (contents of the stomach moved to the small intestine), and may result in decreased after-meal blood glucose levels.4

The probable mechanism of hypoglycemic action might be the effect of apple cider vinegar on the α-amylase enzyme. The reduction of α-amylase in liver cells may help suppress the conversion of carbohydrates (polysaccharides) into smaller saccharide units such as glucose and might lead to a decrease in blood glucose levels.4 However, serious conditions like diabetes must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. Therefore, kindly consult a doctor and do not self-medicate.

Potential use of Apple cider vinegar for inflammation:

The dietary flavonoids isolated from apple cider vinegar might help reduce the inflammation-related markers in mice’s intestinal tissue, as seen in animal studies. Apple polyphenolic compounds might help reduce the inflammatory response of the kidney by decreasing the expression and activity of the cyclo-oxygenase-2 enzyme in the rat model.1 However, more research is required to prove such effects of apple cider vinegar.

Potential use of apple cider vinegar for obesity:

One study looked into the lipid-lowering effect of apple cider vinegar on rat models. These rats had higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, and the atherogenic index (which predicts the chances of heart diseases). In contrast, rats that were administered apple cider vinegar showed reduction in all of these parameters, demonstrating that apple cider vinegar might have an anti-obesity effect.5 However, more research is required to prove the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar for obesity.

Potential use of apple cider vinegar for the liver:

The potential liver protective effect of apple cider vinegar’s polyphenolic compounds was studied on rodent models. The polyphenolic compounds might help improve the oxidative enzyme’s activity in the liver tissue and may indicate liver-protecting potential of apple cider vinegar.1 However, more research will be necessary to prove such claims. Moreover, diseases of the liver must be diagnosed and treated by a doctor. So, please consult a doctor if you suspect liver disease.

Potential use of apple cider vinegar for the heart:

The heart-protective potential of apple cider vinegar was studied in mice serum. Apple cider vinegar might help with atherogenesis (fat deposition in arteries), may lessen inflammation, and might help reduce triacylglycerol levels.

Polyphenolic compounds in apple cider vinegar might help reduce drug-induced damage to the heart in a cell line study. Polyphenolic compounds like chlorogenic acid found in apple cider vinegar might help reduce lipoproteins’ oxidation and be helpful against heart-related complications.1 However, conditions of the heart are serious and a doctor must be consulted for proper diagnosis and treatment of it. Therefor, kindly consult a doctor.

Potential use of apple cider vinegar as an antioxidant:

The consumption of apple cider vinegar might help increasedthe antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds.1 However, these effects need to be confirmed by further research.

Potential use of apple cider vinegar for infections:

The antimicrobial potential of apple cider vinegar was examined against various bacteria like E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The study’s findings revealed that apple cider vinegar might have potential antimicrobial action which may be seen as the loss of bacteria and fungi in culture media.

Apple cider vinegar might also have antifungal activity against Candida species involved in denture stomatitis (inflammation of the oral mucous membrane).1 However, further studies are required to prove such claims.

Potential use of apple cider vinegar for the brain:

Several studies have shown the valuable results of apple cider vinegar on Alzheimer’s disease linked with ageing.

According to a study, when aged mice received the dilute form of apple cider vinegar in drinking water, there was an improvement in memory and increased antioxidant activity. Apple cider vinegar might also have the potential to deplete acetylcholine (a chemical found in the brain), which is connected with ageing and oxidative stress and may help maintain neuronal communications.1 However, such effects are yet to be confirmed by more research. Therefore, kindly do not self-medicate.

Potential use of apple cider vinegar for immunity:

A study was performed to study the immunity-enhancing potency of apple cider vinegar. According to the study, apple cider vinegar might be effective in acting as an immunomodulator on the systemic and mucosal immune response.1 However, more research is required to back up such claims.

Though there are studies that show the potential use of apple cider vinegar in various conditions, but these are insufficient and there is a need of further studies to establish the true extent of benefits of apple cider vinegar on human health. 

Over the years, I’ve heard that some people may find relief from acid reflux by using apple cider vinegar. The belief is that its probiotic properties may help restore digestive balance and alleviate acid reflux symptoms. However, I would strongly advise consulting with your doctor before trying apple cider vinegar as a remedy for acid reflux.

Dr. Siddharth Gupta, B.A.M.S, M.D (Ayu)

Also Read: Does Apple Cider Vinegar Go Bad? Understanding Its Shelf Life

How to Use Apple Cider Vinegar?

Apple cider vinegar is available in the following forms:

You must consult a qualified doctor before taking any herbal supplements. Do not discontinue or replace an ongoing treatment of modern medicine with an ayurvedic/herbal preparation without consulting a qualified doctor. 

I came across a study that suggested the potential benefits of apple cider vinegar for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study found that four out of seven patients may have experienced ovulatory menstruation within 40 days after taking apple cider vinegar. This indicates a potential positive effect on menstrual regularity in PCOS patients.

Dr. Rajeev Singh, BAMS

Also Read: Ashwagandha: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Side Effects of Apple Cider Vinegar:    

Apple cider vinegar is generally well-tolerated in the amounts found in foods and when used for food purposes for a short period. However, larger doses and topical use could be unsafe.

Also Read: Apple Cider Vinegar for Hair: Discover the Research-Based Benefits and Treatments

Interactions With Other Drugs:

Also Read: Apricot: Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

Frequently Asked Questions:

How is apple cider vinegar made?

It is prepared by a fermentation process in which bacteria and yeast are mixed into the juice from crushed apples, first converting sugars to alcohol and then to acetic acid.2

Is apple cider vinegar safe?

Yes, apple cider vinegar is safe to use. It is generally well-tolerated in quantities typically consumed in foods. However, kindly consult a doctor for its potential health uses.

What are the constituents of apple cider vinegar?

Flavonoids, and phenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid) are the constituents of apple cider vinegar.1

What are the common names of apple cider vinegar?

The common names of apple cider vinegar are cider vinegar and apple vinegar.2

Does apple cider vinegar cause dandruff?

No, apple cider vinegar is used for the management of dandruff.2

Is apple cider vinegar acidic?

Yes, apple cider vinegar is acidic due to the presence of acetic acid and malic acid.3

Can we drink apple cider vinegar?

Yes, we can drink apple cider vinegar. As per one of the studies, drinking a cup of apple cider vinegar in the middle of the meal-induced a reduction in postprandial (after meal) glucose levels.4 Kindly consult a doctor before drinking apple cider vinegar.

Is apple cider vinegar good for the liver?

Yes, it is good for the liver. According to a study, the polyphenolic compounds present in apple cider vinegar might help with the oxidative enzyme activity in the liver associated with adenosine triphosphate synthesis. however, a doctor must diagnose and treat serious conditions such as those related to the liver. Therefore, kindly consult a doctor for the same.

Does apple cider vinegar show side effects?

Hypokalaemia (low potassium blood level), hyperreninemia (high blood renin enzyme level), osteoporosis, oesophageal injury, skin irritation, and chemical burns (due to topical application) are the reported side effects of apple cider vinegar.

Can apple cider vinegar raise blood pressure?

No, apple cider vinegar lowers elevated blood pressure.3

Is apple cider vinegar good for weight loss?

Yes, apple cider vinegar might be helpful for weight loss.3 However, more research is required to prove its effectiveness. Therefore, kindly consult a doctor for the above-mentioned concern.

What are the benefits of apple cider vinegar?

Apple cider vinegar may be helpful for skin conditions, dyspepsia (discomfort in the upper abdomen), nephrolithiasis (kidney stones), osteoporosis, arthritis, elevated blood pressure, painful joints and elevated blood sugar level, obesity, and stomach ache. However, more research is required to prove these potential uses. Kindly consult a doctor before using it for the above-mentioned conditions.

Also Read: Licorice (Mulethi): Uses, Benefits & Side Effects

References:

  1. Tripathi S, Mazumder PM. Apple cider vinegar (ACV) and their pharmacological approach towards alzheimer’s disease (AD): a review. Ind J Pharm Educ Res. 2020; 54: s67-74. Available at: https://www.ijper.org/sites/default/files/IndJPhaEdRes-54-2s-67.pdf
  2. Martini N. Apple cider vinegar. J Prim Health Care 2021;13(2):191–192. Available at: https://www.publish.csiro.au/hc/pdf/HC19561
  3. Akanksha S, Sunita M. Study about the nutritional and medicinal properties of apple cider vinegar. Asian J sci Technol. 2017; 8(11): 6892-6894. Available at: https://www.journalajst.com/sites/default/files/issues-pdf/5355.pdf
  4. Dramane G, Klotoe J, Gbankoto A, Ahyi V, Yessoufou A. Apple Cider Vinegar as an Excellent Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Obesity Natural Beverage Because of its Depression of Postprandial Glycemic Response. Am J Innov Res Appl Sci. 2019; 8(6):258-263. Available at: http://american-jiras.com/Dramane-ManuscriptRef.1-ajira270519.pdf
  5. Halima BH, Sonia G, Sarra K, Houda BJ, Fethi BS, Abdallah A. Apple cider vinegar attenuates oxidative stress and reduces the risk of obesity in high-fat-fed male wistar rats. J Med Food. 2018; 21(1): 70-80. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29091513/

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

3

Apple Cider Vinegar: A New Weapon Against Acne?

Almost every other individual is affected by acne, especially adolescents. It is said that approximately 85 -90% of teenagers suffer from acne and it may continue to exist into adult life in some cases.

We try different home remedies to get rid of this bothersome condition. One such home remedy is apple cider vinegar. In this article, we will be discussing how we can use apple cider vinegar (ACV) in the management of acne.

What is Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV)?

Apple cider vinegar is prepared by fermenting the crushed apples with yeast. This converts the sugars in apple into alcohol and finally into acetic acid, the main active compound in ACV. Most of the health benefits of apple cider vinegar come from acetic acid content. ACV is beneficial in lowering blood sugar levels, weight loss, and management of acne.

How Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) can help you treat your acne?

Apple cider vinegar helps in acne treatment by two major actions namely antibacterial and keratolytic, peeling of outer cells of the skin. We will discuss them one by one.

One of the main factors in the development of acne is a type of bacterium known as Propionibacterium acnes or P. acnes. It can cause inflammation and scarring of skin cells. Apple cider vinegar contains acetic acid, succinic acid, and citric acid which can kill the bacteria P. acnes. Clinical studies have shown that lactic acid causes a significant reduction in acne when applied on the face. ACV can also remove dead skin cells. However, specific evidence with the use of apple cider vinegar in acne is lacking.

skin discolouration and scarring is the main concern after the healing of acne. Apple cider vinegar can remove these damaged cells of outer layers of skin, reduce inflammation, and promote the growth of normal cells. This helps to reduce scarring due to acne.

This process of applying organic acids to the skin is called “chemical peeling”

The succinic acid content of ACV is mainly responsible for this benefit.

Above mentioned benefits are backed by some clinical studies. However, more studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Can people with a severe form of acne benefit from apple cider vinegar?

It may not be effective in the management of severe acne. Please consult your doctor if you have a severe form of acne.

Also Read: How to Get Rid of Butt Acne: Proven Strategies and Solutions

HEALTH BENEFITS OF APPLE CIDER VINEGAR

  1. ACV helps in killing bacteria

Vinegar can help kill pathogens, including bacteria. People have traditionally used vinegar for cleaning and disinfecting. Vinegar is also a food preservative. Studies show that it inhibits bacteria from growing in and spoiling food.

  1. ACV may help lower blood sugar levels and manage diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by high blood sugar levels caused by insulin resistance or the inability to produce insulin. One of the most convincing applications of vinegar is helping treat type 2 diabetes. Apple cider vinegar has shown great results in improving insulin sensitivity and helping lower blood sugar responses after meals.

  1.  May aid weight loss

Several studies show that vinegar could help people lose weight. Some studies have also shown that vinegar can increase feelings of fullness. This can lead to eating fewer calories and losing weight.

Also Read: Apple Cider Vinegar for Hair: Discover the Research-Based Benefits and Treatments

What precautions should be taken while applying ACV to the skin?

Before applying apple cider vinegar directly on the face, try it on some other part of your skin. Look for any adverse reaction, if any. People with sensitive skin need to be more careful as it can damage the skin in some cases.

Apple cider vinegar helps in removing excessive sebum and it should be used only after dilution and after consultation with your dermatologist.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD

What is the best method to use apple cider vinegar for acne?

As it contains organic acids, apple cider vinegar should be diluted with water before its use on the skin. Mix one-part apple cider vinegar with three to four parts water. People with sensitive skin may need more dilution with water. Clean your face with water and allow it to dry. Gently apply apple cider vinegar to the acne site with the help of a cotton ball. Leave it on your face for five to fifteen minutes and then rinse it off. The process can be repeated one to two times a day.

Are there any safety concerns with apple cider vinegar?

As we have discussed earlier, apple cider vinegar is acidic. It can cause burns if left in contact with the skin for a longer duration. To prevent this damage to the skin, it should be applied along with water. If you feel a burning sensation after applying ACV, you should dilute it with more amount of water.

Apple cider vinegar apart from helping to manage acne and the associated scars can be helpful in reducing dark spots and can even out the skin tone, but using it in moderation with the consultation of a dermatologist is essential.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D

What’s the bottom line?

Apple cider vinegar is an excellent home remedy for the treatment of acne. It may help in controlling the acne-causing bacteria and reducing scar formation due to acne. Severe cases of acne need medical advice from an expert.

Read more about: 7 Reasons Why Vitamin C Is Good For Your Skin

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

6
2