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Effective Home Remedies For PCOS

Introduction: 

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), also known as polycystic ovarian syndrome or Stein-Leventhal syndrome, is a complex disorder in which women experience irregular periods and/or the development of a few small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) on one or both ovaries. This is due to the overproduction of male hormone (which is also present in females but in lower quantities) in females. This disorder affects around 7% of women in the world. There are higher chances for women with PCOS to develop type-2 diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, heart diseases and cancer of the uterus. Diet, exercise and medicines help control the symptoms, but there is no cure for this disorder.¹  

What Causes PCOS?: 

The exact cause of PCOS is not yet known, but it is known that it has some relation to insulin resistance (the body is either unable to generate insulin or is not able to utilise it). The other factors which are known are also in some way related to insulin resistance. The various factors for the development of PCOS include: 

• Male hormones: Increased production of androgens or the male hormones play an important role, as it is responsible for the occurrence of symptoms like increased facial hair, acne and irregular menstrual cycle (as they prohibit the release of eggs from the ovary).² 
• Increased body weight: The relationship between body weight and PCOS is not understood quite well; whether it is the cause or effect of PCOS, we do not know. However, there is definitely a relation between the two and weight management to a healthy level has shown significant beneficial effects.² 
• Family history: It is seen that women having mothers or sisters with PCOS or diabetes type-2 are more likely to develop PCOS.² 
• Insulin resistance: All of the factors are finally related to insulin resistance. However, the exact mechanism is still unknown.² 

PCOS is commonly associated with type 2 diabetes, prolonged infertility and miscarriage; getting a Gynecologist’s consultation is very important at an early stage if you experience any symptoms of PCOS.

Dr Ashish Bajaj – M.B.B.S, M.D. in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology

Symptoms of PCOS: 

The proper diagnosis of the syndrome is to be done by a doctor. However, there are certain symptoms that you should be on the lookout for. They are as follows: 

• Irregularity in the menstrual cycle (periods)³  
• Sometimes people experience no periods, even for years together. This is called amenorrhea.⁴  
• The skin may become oily, or there may be the appearance of acne.  
• Excessive growth of hair on the face, chest, stomach or thighs 
• Loss of scalp hair 
• There might be patches of thickened skin.  
• Pain in the pelvic region (the area below the abdomen, which contains the vagina, cervix, uterus and fallopian tubes)  
• Increased body weight or obesity³ 
• Sleep apnoea, which is a condition in which there might be obstruction of your airway while sleeping, might be quite dangerous.⁴  
• Even after repeated efforts, there might be difficulty in conceiving a baby (infertility).³ 

Suggested Home Remedies for  PCOS: 

The remedies recommended for PCOS mainly include lifestyle changes and a few herbal remedies as well to manage the symptoms. Some of the remedies are as follows:  

1. Mulethi  

Mulethi is also known as liquorice. It was found that it may be beneficial for managing PCOS. It acts against androgens and also stimulates the production of an enzyme which converts androgen into estrogen (female hormone).⁵ You can take a cup of hot water, mix mulethi root powder in it and use it for two months. This brew can be used for even longer to have prolonged effects.    

2. Flaxseeds  

It was found in studies that flaxseeds contain a compound which aids in decreasing the level of androgen in the body. They caused a reduction of symptoms of PCOS that occur due to increased androgen levels, like abnormal growth of body hair. It was also found to help in weight reduction.⁶ The consumption of flaxseeds, by adding them into your daily diet in the form of milkshakes and smoothies or by directly consuming them, can be beneficial for your health.  

3. Cinnamon  

Cinnamon improves the function of insulin receptors, which provides a beneficial effect for women with PCOS. It was also found by researchers that supplementation of cinnamon in diet can correct menstrual irregularities.⁷ It can be consumed by adding it to the water while preparing tea and taking it daily. It can also be consumed in tablet forms, which are more concentrated, but you should consult your doctor before doing so.    

4. Omega 3 Supplements or Fish Oil  

Studies have shown that by taking omega 3 fatty acids supplements, the regularity of the menstrual cycle can be restored. However, there is no change in weight, bleeding, size of the ovary or number of ovarian follicles seen. Fish oil supplementation showed a decrease in the waist-hip ratio additionally.⁸  

5. Chamomile Tea  

Chamomile tea was found to reduce the symptoms of PCOS in animal studies. In the same study, when the tissues of the ovary were observed under a microscope after treating with chamomile extract, the signs of PCOS were decreased.⁹ However, more research on humans is required to ascertain it. We can consume it by using a bag of chamomile tea or a spoon of it in warm water and brewing it.    

6. Aloe Vera Gel  

Aloe vera is used along with certain other compounds to make formulations to manage PCOS, as they help in restoring the levels of a hormone in the ovaries. These were the findings of an animal study.¹⁰ The exact use of aloe vera gel is not known and requires further investigation.  

7. Nirgundi or Chasteberry  

Nirgundi is a herb that has many medicinal properties. It acts against insulin resistance of the body, decreases androgen levels, and has similar activity to estrogen. Therefore, it may have beneficial effects on women with PCOS.¹¹  

You can eat bitter gourd as a vegetable or drink its juice. This will help control blood sugar levels. Amla or Indian gooseberry also has a similar effect.
Fenugreek leaves and tulsi or basil will help maintain insulin levels. PCOS patients have high levels of insulin, as it remains unused in the body, increasing blood sugar levels.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka – MBBS, MD(Pediatrics)

Other Lifestyle Modifications For PCOS: 

• Balanced diet: Adopting a healthier lifestyle with a balanced diet can prove to be beneficial for PCOS as it can help in reducing the symptoms.⁴ A balanced diet containing all the necessary nutrients in healthy proportions will be recommended by your doctor. Kindly consult your physician for guidance.  
• Weight management: Weight management leads to the reduction in symptoms of PCOS, such as loss of scalp hair, increased body hair and acne. An improvement in mood due to the restoration of normal hormone production can also be seen, which in turn might lead to the regulation of periods and improved fertility. Weight management in the case of PCOS also showed a decrease in risk for diabetes and heart diseases. All of this can be achieved by the loss of just 5-10% of weight in those for whom the occurrence of PCOS is due to increased weight.⁴ 

When to Seek Medical Help?  

When you observe some symptoms of PCOS, a doctor should be consulted for proper examination and diagnosis. This will prevent the worsening of the condition.  

Conclusion: 

PCOS is a complex condition, and there is a need for further research to know the exact mechanism and cause of it. There is no cure discovered yet for it; therefore, management of symptoms plays an important role in preventing the condition from worsening. Lifestyle modifications, attainment and management of optimum weight are the most important measures. Additionally, diligent use of certain herbs has also shown great results. Let’s put our faith in science and hope for a cure to PCOS; until then, we must do what we can and stay healthy.      

Also Read: 10 Effective Home Remedies For Irregular Periods

Frequently Asked Questions: 

Also Read: Natural Home Remedies For Hair Fall

References: 

1. Ndefo UA, Eaton A, Green MR. Polycystic ovary syndrome: A review of treatment options with a focus on pharmacological approaches. P T [Internet]. 2013;38(6):336–55. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23946629/  

2. CDC. PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) and Diabetes. Centers Dis Control Prev [Internet]. 2020;1–2. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/pcos.html 

3. Weiss JM, Hadžiomerović D, Kreienberg R. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynakologe [Internet]. 2008;41(3):179–88. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/polycystic-ovarian-syndrome-pcos 

4. Pal L, Pathy S. Polycystic ovarian syndrome. Evidence-based Obstet Gynecol [Internet]. 2018;117(129):1–7. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/polycysticovarysyndrome.html#:~:text=Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) happens,Irregular menstrual periods 

5. Shamsi M, Nejati V, Najafi G, Pour SK. Protective effects of licorice extract on ovarian morphology, oocyte maturation, and embryo development in pcos-induced mice: an experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed [Internet]. 2020;18(10):865–76. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7569710/pdf/ijrb-18-865.pdf 

6. Nowak DA, Snyder DC, Brown AJ, Demark-Wahnefried W. The effect of flaxseed supplementation on hormonal levels associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A case study. Curr Top Nutraceutical Res [Internet]. 2007;5(4):177–81. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752973/pdf/nihms93691.pdf 

7. Dou L, Zheng Y, Li L, Gui X, Chen Y, Yu M, et al. The effect of cinnamon on polycystic ovary syndrome in a mouse model. Reprod Biol Endocrinol [Internet]. 2018;16(1):1–10. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6194596/pdf/12958_2018_Article_418.pdf 

8. khani Behnaz, Mardanian Farahnaz F jafari sajadeh. Omega 3 supplementation in polycystic ovarian syndrome and metabolic syndrome. J Res Med Sci [Internet]. 2019;24(1). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5461594/pdf/JRMS-22-64.pdf 

9. Farideh ZZ, Bagher M, Ashraf A, Akram A, Kazem M. Effects of chamomile extract on biochemical and clinical parameters in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Reprod Infertil [Internet]. 2010;11(3):169–74. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23926485%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC3719301 

10. Maharjan R, Nagar P, Nampoothiri L. Effect of Aloe barbadensis Mill. Formulation on Letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat model. J Ayurveda Integr Med [Internet]. 2010;1(4):273–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21731374/#:~:text=Aloe vera gel formulation exerts,components present in the extract. 

11. Kakadia N, Patel P, Deshpande S, Shah G. Effect of Vitex negundo L. seeds in letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Tradit Complement Med [Internet]. 2019;9(4):336–45. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.03.001 

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes. 

How To Conceive With PCOS: Best Tips To Boost Fertility

PCOS is a very common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Symptoms of PCOS vary greatly from one person to another. Some girls may face a tough time during periods, during puberty or while planning pregnancy while others may not. Having a baby with the partner they love is a precious dream for most women, but some women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may have to overcome certain challenges to achieve a healthy pregnancy. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) more than 116 million women (3.4% of the population) are affected by PCOS worldwide, so if you are struggling to get pregnant with PCOS, know that you are not alone and it’s more common than you think. 

Despite the difficulties, with the right treatment and lifestyle changes, you can manage your odds of getting pregnant with PCOS. In this blog, we will look at both natural and medical remedies for PCOS related pregnancy. 

How Does PCOS Affect a Woman’s Fertility?  

• One in five women of reproductive age struggle with the complex hormonal condition called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

• They may have irregular or infrequent periods, enlarged polycystic ovaries, weight gain, excessive body hair and health problems like type 2 diabetes.  

• Women with PCOS may also have an underproduction of estrogen (female hormones) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) which is responsible for pubertal development and an overproduction of androgens (male hormones).
• During a menstrual cycle, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted by the pituitary gland selects one of the follicles within the ovary to mature and ovulate, eventually releasing an egg. But in some women with PCOS, the maturation of egg and ovulation may get irregular making it harder to get pregnant with PCOS. But with the advancement in medical science and expertise on PCOS, there are many solutions available to women with PCOS today.  

Insulin sensitising treatments as insulin resistance is main problem in PCOS is very important. Once the insulin resistance decreases , automatically fertility improves and many will conceive naturally. Consult your obstetrician for more information.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD

Medical options: How to get pregnant with PCOS quickly? 

If you have tried for a baby for 12 months without success (or six months if you are aged 35 or over) you can seek medical options that aid PCOS pregnancy. The three most effective ways that your doctor may suggest for getting pregnant with PCOS quickly are:

1. Ovulation induction

If you have irregular or sporadic periods, it’s likely that you are not ovulating regularly. Ovulation induction (OI) is the first line of medical treatment in getting pregnant with PCOS. Your doctor may prescribe you a hormone medication (tablets or injections) to stimulate the ovaries for the egg to release and fertilize, either during intercourse or through intra-uterine insemination (IUI).

2. Artificial insemination or IUI

The second line of medical treatment in getting pregnant with PCOS is Artificial insemination, which is sometimes called intrauterine insemination (IUI). The medical procedure involves inserting the male partner’s (or a donor’s) sperm into the woman’s uterus at or just before the time of ovulation. If the woman has irregular menstrual cycles, IUI needs to be performed in combination with ovulation induction (OI), else it can be done during a natural menstrual cycle.

3. In-vitro fertilization (IVF)

If a woman with PCOS struggles to get pregnant despite the former two medical procedures, she may need a more invasive fertility treatment called In-vitro fertilization (IVF). An IVF treatment cycle has five key stages:
1. Hormone stimulation using fertility drugs to produce multiple eggs
2. Egg retrieval in an ultrasound-guided procedure under light anaesthesia
3. Embryo development by adding sperms to the eggs in the laboratory for embryos to form
4. Embryo transfer by placing the embryo in the uterus where it may implant and grow into a baby.
5. Clinical pregnancy verified by ultrasound at approximately six to seven weeks into the pregnancy.  

Miscarriage is very commonly seen in pregnancy if a person suffers from PCOS. With the right care and treatment, conception and a healthy pregnancy are completely possible.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D.

Also Read: Benefits of Maca Root for Females: Research-Backed Insights into Its Effectiveness

Lifestyle Changes: How To Cure PCOS Naturally to Prepare for Conceiving?

According to the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of PCOS, the first step toward improving a woman’s chances of pregnancy and having a healthy baby is adopting a healthy lifestyle. Here’s a list of the best lifestyle tips on how to manage PCOS naturally and get pregnant: 

1. Follow an anti-inflammatory diet by avoiding or limiting inflammatory foods like red meat, trans fats  
2. Swap your daily tea or coffee for green tea
3. Use herbs and spices like ginger, cumin, fennel, bay leaves, etc when cooking
4. Include beans in your diet (at least once a week)
5. Add omega-3 to your diet (walnuts, flax seeds, chia seeds, fish -salmon or tuna)  
6. Eat loads of fruit and vegetables
7. Track your cycles to understand when you’re ovulating and where your fertile window falls
8. Confirm ovulation with ovulation kits from your local pharmacy. They are to be used in a similar way a pregnancy test kit
9. Reverse your insulin resistance by cutting down on sugar and refined carbs
10. Destress with yoga, meditation or any fun activity to boost balanced hormones and nurtured adrenals
11.   Stay active and add some exercise to your routine

Regardless of whether you suffer from PCOS or not, being in the best possible health before trying for a baby is crucial for higher chances of a healthy pregnancy. Not everyone with PCOS will face a problem in getting pregnant. If you are finding it difficult to conceive, consult your gynaecologist and an endocrinologist for the right advice.

Want to boost fertility naturally? Check out Black Cohosh: Benefits, Dosage, and Side-Effects

Disclaimer:

The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

Confused Between PCOD vs PCOS? Know The Difference!

PCOD vs PCOS – Are they the same?  Many women use both, PCOD (Poly Cystic Ovarian Disease) and PCOS (Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome) interchangeably when both are very different conditions. While both the conditions are related to the ovaries and both cause hormonal disturbances, there are many significant differences.

All women have two ovaries that release an egg alternately every month. These ovaries also produce female hormones that are responsible for many things like fertility, period schedule, facial hair, etc. apart from these they also produce androgens or male hormones but in very minute quantities.

What is PCOD

PCOD is a condition in which the ovaries contain many immature or partially mature eggs. They, eventually, turn into cysts. Junk food, being overweight, stress and hormonal disturbances give birth to this condition.   Common symptoms of PCOD are irregular periods, abdominal weight gain, infertility and male pattern hair loss. The ovaries usually become enlarged in this problem and secrete large amounts of androgens that cause havoc with the woman’s fertility and her body.

What is PCOS

PCOS is a metabolic disorder that is more severe than PCOD. In this condition, the ovaries produce a higher quantity of the male hormone and this leads to the formation of more than ten follicular cysts in the ovary every month. This stops the release of the egg leading to anovulation. Symptoms include hair loss, obesity and infertility.

PCOD vs PCOS – How Are They Different?

1. PCOS is a serious condition. PCOD is not considered a disease as with the correct diet and exercise schedule, the situation improves. PCOS is a metabolic disorder.
2. PCOD is more common. Almost a third of the women around the world suffer from PCOD. PCOS has a lower number of patients.
3. PCOS has serious complications. Women who suffer from PCOS are at risk of developing diabetes, high blood pressure cardiac-vascular issues, obesity and even endometrial cancer.
4. PCOS is visible early in life. Girls who suffer from PCOS show symptoms of the disease since their teenage years. Acne, excessive hair growth and weight gain are apparent from a younger age due to metabolic disturbances.
5. Those with PCOD don’t have significant fertility issues. With a bit of medical help, they conceive successfully. Women who suffer from PCOS, on the other hand, struggle with infertility. They even have higher rates of miscarriages.
6. Those with PCOD can still ovulate regularly. The women who have PCOD may have similar symptoms as PCOS, but they retain the ability to ovulate periodically and thus, can conceive successfully. However, those with PCOS do not ovulate due to a severe hormonal imbalance that disturbs the process of ovulation.

PCOD vs PCOS – Diet

While neither PCOD nor PCOS can be directly caused due to a particular food, a healthy diet goes a long way to preventing or easing the symptoms of both. PCOS has been highly linked to obesity and being overweight, additionally, it is harder to lose weight with these conditions.  

Since PCOS is closely tied to insulin resistance, you should avoid a diet rich in starch and sugar and cut highly refined carbs from your diet. Add high-fibre foods and veggies as well as nuts and olive oil, this can help you feel full while reducing weight.

Try limiting your intake of processed flour bread, sugary desserts and drinks and avoid corn syrup sweetened goods too. You may not experience any improvement in symptoms unless you also pair your diet changes with increased daily exercise and use stress-reduction techniques.  

The PCOD vs PCOS symptoms may be similar and harder to distinguish unless you stop and think about it. The dietary changes required are also similar. PCOD and PCOS both will require dietary and lifestyle changes to help you with your recovery.

In both cases, i.e., PCOD vs PCOS,   losing weight, eating a healthy diet that is free of processed and junk food and following regular exercise, the schedule has shown tremendous improvements. It is imperative to catch the disease as soon as possible to control the damage with proper lifestyle changes and medications. If you have irregular periods, acne or excessive facial hair growth, you need to get yourself checked.

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational/awareness purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for medical treatment by a healthcare professional and should not be relied upon to diagnose or treat any medical condition. The reader should consult a registered medical practitioner to determine the appropriateness of the information and before consuming any medication. PharmEasy does not provide any guarantee or warranty (express or implied) regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of the information; and disclaims any liability arising thereof.

Links and product recommendations in the information provided here are advertisements of third-party products available on the website. PharmEasy does not make any representation on the accuracy or suitability of such products/services. Advertisements do not influence the editorial decisions or content. The information in this blog is subject to change without notice. The authors and administrators reserve the right to modify, add, or remove content without notification. It is your responsibility to review this disclaimer regularly for any changes.

What Is PCOS Or PCOD? Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And FAQs

Polycystic Ovary Disorder (PCOD) or Syndrome(PCOS), from here on, PCOS is a hormonal disease in women which leads to irregular menstrual cycles. If one is to observe an ultrasound of the lower abdomen of a woman, one may be able to observe a series of abnormally large eggs, which looked like a string of pearls. PCOS may be caused due to a lot of reasons, including genetic. Even though this disease has been steadily on the rise in the past few years, it was first recognized by physician Antonio Vallisneri in 1721 in Italy. Further depictions of PCOS are found in 1844, followed by a specific diagnosis and naming of the disease in 1935 by Irving F. Stein Sr. and Michael L. Leventhal. This disease was originally known as Stein-Leventhal Syndrome.

What is PCOS?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) or Polycystic Ovary Disorder (PCOD) is a hormonal and metabolic disease. It is caused when a female’s body is not able to complete its monthly ovulation process. Women suffering from PCOS have less than 8 menstruation periods in a year. The cysts observed on the lining of the ovaries are actually, immature eggs that have not matured enough to be ejected out of the body and hence are stuck on the ovary walls. This leads to an imbalance in the hormone levels of the body, leading to the rise of the androgen levels. These hormones lead to body hair in unwanted places, weight gain, hair loss and other health problems.

It is the most common health issue women face today, nearly 2% to 40% of women within the range of 12 years to 45 years face this issue world over. The range and frequency of the problem make it a difficult one to tackle, not to mention, no one really knows why a woman develops PCOD. While obesity is named as a cause that causes the symptoms, not every obese woman suffers from PCOS.

To simply put in the context of the blog PCOS is a lifestyle disorder rather than a hormonal disease. Reducing weight in obese women with PCOS will work wonders in reversing it.

Dr. M.G. Kartheeka, MBBS, MD

Causes, Symptoms and Risk Factors for PCOS

The causes for PCOS are to date unclear, however, it is widely believed that the most common causes are genetic, obesity, high blood pressure and insulin resistance. However, it is still not clear how blood sugar is affected by hormonal imbalance. Scientists are still researching the genetic link between hormones and insulin resistance. Having established this, the risk factors and symptoms of PCOS are:

1. Is PCOS Hereditary?

PCOS is not a widely researched subject yet, which means there is still a lot more to discover about the disease. However, based on the data from available research, it could be said that PCOS does have hereditary factors. This in no way means that PCOS is only hereditary. It simply means that PCOS can be passed down through generations. Any woman with a family history of PCOS is at 50% risk of developing it herself. If she skips it, her daughter or granddaughter is still at risk. This because PCOS becomes a part of the genetic code and the genes affected are the most common genes. However, the exact genetic defect is yet to be detected. No one can say for sure, which information is altered to cause PCOS. The fact that even in siblings, one sister gets PCOS while the other doesn’t, makes PCOS as much a cause of surroundings as genes.

To conclude, yes, PCOS is hereditary but how much of this hereditary factor contributes to the development of PCOS is still a matter of further investigation.

There is no single test to diagnose pcos. A clear history, physical examination and blood tests between days 2-4 of menstrual cycle might help reach the exact diagnosis.

Dr. Ashish Bajaj, M.B.B.S., M.D.

2. Why is PCOS on the Rise these Days?

In the last two decades, more and more women have complained of suffering from PCOS. In India, nearly 18% to 20% of women of fertile age suffer from PCOS. In fact, according to some gynaecologists, more and more teenagers are suffering from PCOS. There are debates on what is leading to a rise in the cases of PCOS. One of the most common causes is their lifestyle which includes exposure to high levels of stress, lack of exercise, erratic eating habits and lack of proper sleep. The second most common cause is obesity, which is a direct result of a sedentary lifestyle.

However, some gynaecologists argue that the rising trend is a result of misdiagnosis. Some gynaecologists argue that the presence of cysts in the ovaries is not evident enough to diagnose a woman with PCOS. They also lament the fact, that today, an ultrasound is enough to diagnose a woman with PCOS, despite her other reports being normal.

According to these gynaecologists, cysts in the ovaries can be created because of many reasons. All of these causes do not contribute to PCOS. In fact, at times, cysts go away on their own too. However, the cysts in PCOS, need medication and in some cases, surgery to be removed or dissolved.

Types of PCOS / PCOD:

As established before, PCOS is a relatively new field of study, which means that there is still a lot of ambiguity attached to it. PCOS has been broadly divided into two types:

1. Insulin Resistant PCOS:

Insulin Resistant or Type 1 PCOS is generally associated with all the classical signs of PCOS which include obesity, facial hair, hair loss and acne caused by higher levels of male hormones in the bloodstream. This type of PCOS is indicated by the body’s inability to process blood sugar, which leads to its storage as fat. Patients with type 1 PCOS are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart diseases. Such patients are generally advised to go on a diet and lose weight. However, it should be kept in mind that weight loss for such patients is not easy.

Along with weight loss, patients may also be given supplements to control blood sugar.

2. Non-Insulin Resistant PCOS:

Non-Insulin Resistant or Type 2 PCOS is a situation when a patient does not show any signs of insulin resistance and yet, suffers from PCOS. Non-Insulin PCOS is caused by other reasons like adrenal stress, thyroid, vitamin D or iodine deficiency and so on. The treatment for Type 2 PCOS focuses more on healing the body naturally, which includes more rhythmic and relaxing exercises.

Latest Development in PCOS Research:

There are several clinical trials being conducted in India currently to understand PCOS and its cure. While some studies are focused on medicines and their PCOS reversal effects, others are focused on the effects of PCOS.

In March 2018, one such study revealed that women with Type 1 PCOS have higher chances of developing liver diseases. The presence of high amounts of male hormones in the body makes women obese and leads to the development of the non-alcoholic fatty liver. The researchers concluded that women suffering from PCOS require holistic healthcare throughout their lives, rather than specifically when they want to get pregnant.

PCOS: Screening and Diagnosis:

The visible symptoms of PCOS are such that they can be confused with any other disease. This means that a doctor generally requires a series of test results to diagnose PCOS. These tests include  physical examination, blood tests and pelvic scans. Here are some of the common tests your doctor may ask you to plan for:

1. Physical Examination:

Your doctor may conduct a physical examination where he/she may measure your weight and waist. Calculate your BMI, observe abnormal hair growth in unwanted parts like the face, chin or chest. Observe hair loss and increase in dandruff. Observe an increase in acne on the face, back and arms.

2. Pelvic Examination:

The doctor may conduct a physical examination, where he/she may feel any abnormal growth in the pelvic area. This includes looking for abnormalities in ovaries, clitoris, vagina, fallopian tubes, rectum, cervix and so on.

3. Blood Tests:

Physical evidence generally leads to a battery of tests, especially if the clear indicators include weight gain and hair growth. Based on your symptoms, your doctor may ask you to take these tests, to remove all doubts.

• TSH, T3, and T4

The most common test assigned to the physical symptoms is a thyroid test. The TSH, T3, and T4 blood tests calculate the level of thyroid hormones in your bloodstream. This is more of an elimination test, if your thyroid hormone results are normal, you may be assigned other tests.

• Hormone Tests (FSH, LH, Testosterone, Estrogen, Androgen)

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) regulates your ability to get pregnant, while Luteinizing Hormone (LH) promotes ovulation. If you have PCOS, FSH would be lower than normal while LH would be higher. Similarly, Testosterone is a male sex hormone, which would be higher. Estrogen level, as well as Androgen level, would be high too.

• Serum Prolactin And/Or hCG

Prolactin is a protein that helps mammals in producing milk. hCG is a hormone that is released by the placenta once impregnation has taken place. Either or both of these tests could be used to eliminate the possibility of or confirm pregnancy as lack of menses also indicates pregnancy.

4. Pelvic Ultrasound:

Pelvic ultrasound is the testing process where sounds from your pelvis are interpreted to create an image, this provides a visual for internal organs. The ultrasound could be used to create an image of the ovaries to detect the presence of cysts in one or both.

Can PCOS/PCOD Cause other Chronic Diseases?

In one small word, Yes, PCOS can cause other chronic diseases. It is rather unfortunate that despite the threat PCOS poses to health, it is brushed off as something easily manageable. Yes, it is true that PCOS can be reversed through weight loss. But weight loss in itself is difficult with PCOS. Here are some common chronic disease caused by PCOS:

1. Diabetes:

As has been established before, no one can say why Type 1 PCOS leads to Type II Diabetes but it does. However, PCOS does not just lead to type II diabetes, it also leads to gestational diabetes. We all know that diabetes is a lifelong chronic disease and the underlying cause behind 50% of deaths globally. In fact, in 2016-17, it was the largest killer in India. It is also true, that given the Indian society, most cases of PCOS remain undiagnosed, leading to a rise in instances of diabetes in women.

2. Blood Pressure:

Diabetes and blood pressure go hand in hand. Nobody knows if diabetes causes blood pressure or blood pressure causes diabetes. But the presence of one is a sure shot indication of the other.

3. Liver Diseases/Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver:

As has been established before, yes, PCOS affects the liver, making it weak and exposing it to infections. This reality was revealed and confirmed in a recent study. Hormonal imbalance in the body directly contributes to the deterioration of liver health. This also leads to obesity which leads to the development of the non-alcoholic fatty liver.

4. Depression and Anxiety:

Female sex hormones also have an effect on a woman’s psyche. This means that any disturbance in the delicate balance of hormones leads to mood swings. Furthermore, obesity results in social seclusion and damaged self-image. All these factors together, along with long periods of continuous stress may lead to the development of depression or anxiety in women. In fact, a study revealed, that women with PCOS are prone to suffer from Postpartum Depression.

5. Infertility:

PCOS is the largest cause of infertility in women. While this infertility can be cured with medication that helps reverse PCOS, some women can only get pregnant through IVF or after an operation.

6. Sleep Apnea:

Obesity causes sleep apnea, which further leads to putting stress on the body and mind, which leads to psychological issues, as well as the development of more adipose tissue in the body.

7. Heart Disease:

PCOS does not only leads to the development of diabetes and blood pressure. It creates the deadly cocktail of high cholesterol, blood pressure and diabetes. This leads to higher risks of developing heart diseases, leading to strokes or heart attack.

Also Read: Sperm Cramp: Causes, Symptoms, And Being Informed About Men’s Health

Things you should know about PCOS:

1. Is PCOS Curable?

There is no definite cure for PCOS so far. It can be eliminated or reversed through an operation or through a strict lifestyle regime but it is not completely cured. PCOS tends to come back as soon as a woman falls off the wagon. This means that women with PCOS have to maintain a healthy weight, follow a strict diet chart, avoid stressful situations and take medication regularly, to help reverse or control PCOS.

2. Can PCOS be Terminal?

PCOS in itself is not terminal. However, it can lead to the development of life-threatening chronic diseases like diabetes and blood pressure. If looked at closely, even diabetes and BP are not terminal on their own. But they do lead to circumstances that inhibit, one or the other bodily function leading to the death of the patient. Scientists also believe that elongated exposure of the endometrial lining to estrogen may cause endometrial cancer.

PCOS: Treatment

It has been established before that PCOS is not curable. However, with the correct lifestyle changes its symptoms can be managed. Since PCOS is incurable, there have been several approaches to managing its symptoms. Many women generally, opt for a combination of different approaches. Here the various approaches to managing PCOS:

1. Allopathy:

Allopathy employs a series of medicines and weight loss programs to manage symptoms of PCOS. To encourage regular menstruation, women may be asked to go on monthly oral contraceptive pills. To help treat infertility or to make a woman pregnant, she may be assigned a medicine to coax ovulation. Some women are also assigned periodic menses inducing medicines, which are taken around the menstrual cycle. These medications can be taken after every 3-4 months.

In addition to these patients may also be put on diets to help reduce weight. The doctor may also prescribe some high energy exercises to achieve the same.

In fact, fertility is enhanced when a woman loses even 3% of her body weight.

2. Homoeopathy:

Allopathic medicine is the mainstream medicine, and it is well known that this kind of medicine is invasive to the body. In fact, PCOS and infertility due to PCOS are also caused by the regular use of the birth control pill most women subscribe to. Thus, it is but obvious that most women prefer less invasive treatment options. Homoeopathy has been ridiculed by modern medicine as a placebo medication. Luckily, India recognizes Homoeopathy as a legitimate form of alternative medicine. The reason being that homoeopathy does not seek to suppress symptoms. Homoeopathy believes in identifying and rectifying the root cause. Homoeopathy also believes that symptoms are indicators of the body’s attempt to remain disease-free. There are several homoeopathic medicines that can be used to reverse more than one symptom of PCOS.

It should be noted that homeopathy believes in the ”Principle of Same” that is, only the cause can cure the disease. This means that homoeopathic practitioners, provide an extremely low dosage of disease-causing substances in the bodies of the patients. The symptoms ideally get worse, before they get better. It should be understood that homoeopathy is a long term treatment and symptoms may take time to subside.

Patients should also consult their doctors before mixing homoeopathic and allopathic treatments.

3. Ayurveda:

Ayurvedic or herbal medicines are more body-friendly, natural and safe. They also emerge from a wealth of thousands of years of medical practice. Ayurveda believes that PCOS is caused because of an imbalance of the rakta and Shukra dhatu. PCOS also caused an imbalance between all three doshas. According to Ayurveda, cysts are cumulated impurities in the body. Women suffering from PCOS are put on a strict diet and one hour of exercise daily. There are several herbs that could help with treating PCOS:

• Shilajit

Shilajit is also known as the ‘mountain sweat. It boosts immunity, regulates menses and also regulates blood flow. Shilajit also helps improve the symptoms of iron deficiency and also contributes to heart health.

• Vrikshamla (Garcinia)

Vrikshamla or Garcinia is known to aid with weight loss. Several types of researchs have proved that Garcinia does lead to weight loss and aids in maintaining a healthy BMI without having any invasive effects on the body.

• Haridra

Haridra or Haldi is the caretaker of a woman’s body. Haridra helps improve immunity, lose weight, reduce inflammation, erase acne and so on. Haridra also helps to clear skin, as well as, helps in managing insulin tolerance and detoxifies the ovaries.

Curcumin as well as haridra belong to the family of curcuma longa, however, a physician must be consulted before exchanging on with the other.

• Amalaki

Amalaki or Amla is rich in vitamin C, which is a strong antioxidant. It reduces inflammation, helps in reducing weight and improves the immune system.

• Neem

Neem purifies the blood and reduces acne. It also helps improves hair and skin health.

• Ashwagandha

Ashwagandha is known as an adaptogen, which means that it adapts to the needs of the body. Ashwagandha is an excellent, natural medication for controlling mood swings, anxiety and depression.

4. Yoga:

Exercise is an important part of weight loss to control PCOS. But not everyone favours the gym. Especially, if one is suffering from anxiety, calming exercises help more. For your reference, here are names of some yoga asanas to help control symptoms of PCOS:

• Suryanamaskar
• Bhujangasana
• Bharadvajasana
• Naukasana
• Butterfly Pose
• Dhanurasana
• Chakki Chalanasana
• Pranayama

PCOS: Myths

• Polycystic ovaries mean that there are cysts in the ovaries

Polycystic ovaries do not mean cysts in the ovaries. On the other hand, the ovary is lined with immature follicles which appear like a line of pearls on the ovaries. However, it is also true that at times, some patients do not outwardly show the presence of multiple cysts in the ovaries.

• Only birth control pills can regulate periods

Birth control pills may regulate periods but they are not the only options for controlling the symptoms of PCOS. There are other medicines, herbals and home remedies that can help with the same symptoms.

• PCOS cause infertility

PCOS does not cause infertility. Yes, getting pregnant with PCOS may become difficult, but the right medication can help improve ovulation and help women get pregnant. However, it is also possible that women get pregnant without any aid and with PCOS.

• It is impossible to lose weight

It is not impossible to lose weight. Yes, everybody responds differently. But given the correct diet and proper exercise, women with PCOS can reduce weight. Even a loss of 3% of their body weight, can help improve the symptoms of PCOS.

• Metformin is the ideal medicine to control symptoms of PCOS

It has not been scientifically proven but metformin a drug to manage blood sugar is believed to help improve the symptoms of PCOS. Metformin reduces blood sugar and may help regulate periods. The medicine, however, has no effect on non-insulin resistance PCOS.

PCOS or PCOD FAQs:

Frequently asked questions about Polycystic Ovary Disorder (PCOD) or Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

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Common Menstrual Disorders You Need To Know About!

Amenorrhea:

Dysmenorrhea:

• Cramping or pain in the lower abdomen
• Low back pain or pain radiating down the legs
• Nausea, Vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Fatigue
• Fainting
• Headaches

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS):

1. Antidepressants such as SSRIs successfully reduce mood symptoms.
2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3. Diuretics.
4. Hormonal contraceptives.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD):

• Lasting irritability/ anger that may affect other people
• Feelings of tension or anxiety, sadness or despair, or even thoughts of suicide
• Panic attacks
• Mood swings 
• Lack of interest in routine activities and relationships
• Trouble focusing
• Tiredness 
• Food cravings/binge eating
• Insomnia
• Feeling out of control
• Abdominal cramps, bloating, headaches, breast tenderness and joint/muscle pain

• Antidepressants such as SSRIs can be prescribed to women suffering from PMDD.
• OTC pain relievers may alleviate symptoms such as breast tenderness, muscle aches and pains, cramps and headaches.
• Birth control pills.
• In case drug-based treatments are ineffective, surgery may be considered.
• Making healthy changes, such as eating a healthy combination of foods across the food groups, cutting back on salty and sugary foods and getting more physical activity, may also help relieve some symptoms.

All You Need To Know About Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)!

You May Be At Risk for Vitamin B12 Deficiency

You May Suffer From Mood Disorders

You Can Get Pregnant

Your Milk Supply Can Be Affected